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Original Articles

International Reactions to Massive Human Rights Violations: The Case of Chechnya

Pages 85-100 | Published online: 01 Jul 2010

References

  • Bindig , M. 1995 . Report on the Human Rights Situation in Chechnya, Committee on Legal Affairs and Human Rights . Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe , 29 June (hereafter Bindig Report)
  • Tskhovrebov , Zelim . 1995 . 'An Unfolding Case of Genocide: Chechnya, World Order, and the "Right to be Left Alone" ' . Nordic Journal of International Law , 64 ( 4 )
  • March 1996 . Human Rights Watch/Helsinki, Russia: (Chechnya and Dagestan) Caught in the Crossfire--Civilians in Gudermes and Pervomayskoye , March , 8 – 10 . New York : Human Rights Watch . See discussion in
  • Kjaerum , Morten . February 1995 . Human Rights and the Crisis in Chechnia: Four Nordic Human Rights Centres/Institutes' Mission to Moscow , February , Stockholm : Raoul Wallenberg Institute of Human Rights and Humanitarian Law .
  • Lucas , Michael R. 1995 . 'The War in Chechnya and the OSCE Code of Conduct' . Helsinki Monitor: Quarterly on Security and Cooperation in Europe , : 2
  • Dragadze , Tamara . 1995 . 'Report on Chechnya' . Central Asian Survey , 14 ( 3 )
  • Kjaerum . Human Rights and the Crisis in Chechnia 3
  • 1995 . International Herald Tribune , 30 January
  • 1995 . Le Monde , 3 February
  • 1995 . The Guardian , 25 February
  • 1996 . 'Russian Forces Step Up Operations in Chechnia' . OMRI Daily Digest , 25 March
  • February 1995 . Human Rights Watch/Helsinki: Three Months of War in Chechnia , February , New York : Human Rights Watch .
  • January 1995 . Russia's War in Chechnia: Victims Speak Out , January , New York : Human Rights Watch .
  • 1995 . 'New Russian Offensive in Chechnia' . OMRI Daily Digest , 22 May
  • 1995 . 'Chemical Weapons Used in Chechnia?' . OMRI Daily Digest , 10 August
  • 1995 . Moscow News , 5 : 2
  • For a first-hand account of the event see Memorial (Russian independent human rights organisation), Samashki (Moscow, 1995) (available in its totality at http:www.smn.co.jp/chechen/ (http:www.smn.co.jp/chechen/)
  • Baev , Pavel K. 1996 . The Russian Army in a Time of Troubles , 141 – 147 . London : Sage . For a recent analysis of the condition of the Russian army see
  • Kuzio , Taras . 1995 . 'International Reaction to the Chechen Crisis' . Central Asian Survey , 15 ( 1 )
  • 1995 . 'Chechnya "No Longer Just a Russian Issue" ' . OMRI Daily Digest , 11 January
  • 1995 . 'FSB on Turkish Involvement in Chechnya' . OMRI Daily Digest , 15 August
  • Olson , Robert . 1996 . 'The Kurdish Question and Chechnya: Turkish and Russian Foreign Policies since the Gulf War' . Middle East Policy , : 4 On the interactions between the Kurdish and Chechen problems in bilateral Russo-Turkish relations see
  • Cornell , Svante E. 1998 . 'A Delicate Balance: Turkey and the Conflict in Nagorno Karabakh' . Middle Eastern Studies , 34 ( 1 ) On Turkey's policy in Nagorno Karabakh see
  • Cornell , Svante E. 1998 . 'Iran and the Caucasus' . Middle East Policy , 5 ( 4 ) January On Iranian-Russian cooperation see
  • Mesbahi , Mohiaddin . 1993 . 'Russian Foreign Policy and Security in Central Asia and the Caucasus' . Central Asian Survey , 13 ( 2 )
  • Hill , Fiona and Jewett , Pamela . January 1994 . Back in the USSR--Russia' s Intervention in the Internal Affairs of the Former Soviet Republics and the Implications for United States Policy toward Russia , January , Harvard University, John F. Kennedy School of Government .
  • Aykan , Mahmut B. 1996 . 'Turkish Perspectives on Turkish-US Relations Concerning Persian Gulf Security in the Post-Cold War Era: 1989-19' . The Middle East Journal , 50 ( 3 ) Summer On Human Rights in US-Turkish relations see
  • Robinson , Mark . 1996 . “ 'Aid, Democracy and Political Conditionality in Sub-Saharan Africa' ” . In Understanding Contemporary Africa , Edited by: Gordon , April A. and Gordon , Donald L. Boulder , Co. : Rienner .
  • Halley , Michael . 1995 . 'Russia's First Televised War: Public Opinion on the Crisis' . Transition , 14 April : 6 – 8 . On Russian media in the crisis see
  • 1996 . OMRI Analytical Brief , 19 March
  • 1996 . 'Lebed on Chechnya Reconstruction Losses' . OMRI Daily Digest , 18 September
  • 1996 . OMRI Analytical Brief , 19 March
  • Kipp , Jacob W. 1994 . 'The Zhirinovsky Threat' . Foreign Affairs , 73 ( 3 ) May/June
  • Treisman , Daniel S. 1997 . 'Russia's "Ethnic Revival"--the Separatist Activism of Regional Leaders in a Postcommunist Order' . World Politics , January For a systematic and detailed analysis of ethnic separatism in Russia see
  • Blandy , Charles . 1995 . 'The Battle for Grozny' . Jane's Intelligence Review , February
  • “ 'Discussion of Chechnia' ” . In Open Media Research Institute , Prague : OMRI . According to Russia's peace-broker in the region, General Aleksandr Lebed, between 80 000 and 100 000 people may have perished in the war. This included 3726 federal troops and 1906 missing soldiers. See
  • 1996 . Daily Digest , 3 October
  • Hedborg , Elisabeth and Jonson , Lena . March 1995 . “ 'Tjetjenien och Rysk Demokrati' ” . In Chechnya and Russian Democracy), Internationella Studier , March , Stockholm : Foreign Policy Institute .
  • Galeotti , Mark . 1995 . 'Decline and Fall: Moscow's Chechen War' . Jane's Intelligence Review , February
  • Nysten-Haarala , Soli . 1995 . 'Does the Russian Constitution Justify an Offensive against Chechnia' . Central Asian Survey , 14 ( 2 )
  • 1999 . “ 'Russia's war with Chechnia' ” . In Small Nations and Great Powers--A Study of Ethnopolitical Conflict in the Caucasus , Richmond : Curzon Press . For a general overview of the Chechen conflict, see Chapter 5 For a good analysis of the military aspects of the war, see Ib Faurby, 'Kirgen i Tjetjenien: Baggrund, Operationer og Fremtidsudsigter'
  • 1996 . The War in Chechnya: Background, Operations and Forecasts), Kungl. Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar och Tidskrifi . Royal [Swedish] Academy of War Sciences, Proceedings and Journal , 200 ( 3 )
  • Lambeth , Benjamin S. 1996 . 'Russia's Air War in Chechnya' . Studies in Conflict and Terrorism , 19 ( 4 ) October-December
  • Gazzini , Tarcisio . 1996 . 'Some considerations on the Conflict in Chechnia' . Human Rights Law Journal , 17 ( 3-6 ) October For a view opposing Chechnya's right to independence, see among others
  • Altmann , Christian and Nienhuysen , Frank . 1995 . Brennpunkt Kaukasus--Wohin Steuert Russland , Bergisch Gladbach : Bastei-Lobbe .
  • Cornell , Svante E. 1997 . 'A Chechen State?' . Central Asian Survey , 16 ( 2 )
  • Broxup , Marie Bennigsen . 1995 . 'Tchdtch6nie: Une Guerre Coloniale' . Politique Internationale , : 67
  • Saydam , Abdullah . 1995 . 'Freedom Movements in Northern Caucasia' . Eurasian Studies , 2 ( 1 ) Spring : 111
  • Avtorkhanov , Abdurrahman . 1992 . “ 'The Chechens and Ingush during the Soviet Period and its Antecedents' ” . In The North Caucasus Barrier , Edited by: Broxup , Marie Bennigsen . 155 London : Hurst .
  • Conquest , Robert . 1970 . The Nation Killers--The Soviet Deportation of Nationalities , London : Macmillan . The authoritative works on the subject of the deportations are
  • Nekrich , Aleksandr . 1978 . The Punished Peoples , New York : W. W. Norton . Recent data and analyses have also emerged, mainly in Russian, since 1991
  • Gall , Carlotta and de Waal , Thomas . 1997 . Chechnya-A Small Victorious War , 56 – 75 . Basingstoke : Pan Books . Figures here from p. 60
  • 1991 . Human Rights Watch/Helsinki, "Punished Peoples" of the Soviet Union---the Continuing Legacy of Stalin's Deportations , New York : Human Rights Watch .
  • Gall and de Waal . Chechnya---A Small Victorious War 267
  • Serril , Michael S. 1996 . 'Blown Away' . Time , 29 January
  • Gall and de Waal . Chechnya---A Small Victorious War 289
  • Ibid., p. 259.
  • Bovay , Nicolas M. L. 1995 . 'The Russian Armed Intervention in Chechnia and its Human Rights Implications' . International Commission of Jurists--The Review , 54 : 34
  • 1995 . 'Russian Troops Accused of Human Rights Violations in Chechnya' . OMRI Daily Digest , 27 February
  • 1996 . 'Council of Europe on Chechnya' . OMRI Daily Digest , 28 June
  • 1996 . 'Poles Appeal for Peace in Chechnya' . OMRI Daily Digest , 31 July
  • Karaca , Sevinc . 1997 . 'Chechen Conference in Poland' . Turkish Probe , 17 January
  • Kuzio , Taras . 1995 . 'The Chechnya Crisis and the "Near Abroad" ' . Central Asian Survey , 14 ( 4 ) : 565
  • 1995 . 'Estonian Parliament Backs Chechnya Recognition' . OMRI Daily Digest , 14 February
  • 1995 . 'Moscow Postures over Baltic Ties with Chechnya' . OMRI Daily Digest , 13 February
  • 1996 . 'Latvian Deputies Condemn Russian Imperialism in Chechnya' . OMRI Daily Digest , 15 March
  • 1996 . 'Lithuanian Municipalities Demand Independence for Chechnya' . OMRI Daily Digest , 17 July
  • 1995 . 'Ukrainian Parliament Avoids Condemning Russia on Chechnya' . OMRI Daily Digest , 19 January
  • Cornell , Svante . 1998 . 'Conflicts in the North Caucasus' . Central Asian Survey , 17 ( 3 )

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