Climate change in Northern Sweden: intra-regional perceptions of vulnerability among winter-oriented tourism businesses

References

• Aall , C. and Hoyer , K. G. 2005 . “ Tourism and climate change adaptation: The Norwegian case ” . In Tourism, recreation and climate change , Edited by: Hall , C. M. and Higham , J. 209 – 221 . Clevedon : Channel View Publications .
   Google Scholar
• Abegg , B. , Konig , U. , Bürki , R. and Elsasser , H. 1998 . Climate impact assessment in tourism . Applied Geography and Development, , 51 : 81 – 93 .
   Google Scholar
• Agnew , M. D. and Viner , D. 2001 . Potential impacts of climate change on international tourism . Tourism and Hospitality Research, , 3 ( 1 ) : 37 – 60 .
   Google Scholar
• Arctic Climate Impact Assessment . 2004 . Impacts of a warming arctic: Arctic Climate Impact Assessment , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Becken , S. 2004 . How tourists and tourism experts perceive climate change and carbon-offsetting schemes . Journal of Sustainable Tourism, , 12 ( 4 ) : 332 – 345 .
   Google Scholar
• Becken , S. and Hay , J. 2007 . Tourism and climate change: Risks and opportunities , Clevedon: Channel View Publications .
   Google Scholar
• Berkhout , F. , Hertin , J. and Gann , D. M. 2006 . Learning to adapt: Organisational adaptation to climate change impacts . Climatic Change, , 78 : 135 – 156 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bicknell , S. and McManus , P. 2006 . The canary in the coalmine: Australian ski resorts and their response to climate change . Geographical Research, , 44 ( 4 ) : 386 – 400 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bigano , A. , Goria , A. , Hamilton , J. and Tol , R. S.J. 2005 . “ The effect of climate change and extreme weather events on tourism ” . In The Economics of Tourism and Sustainable Development , Edited by: Lanza , A. , Markandya , A. and Pigliaru , F. 173 – 190 . Edward Elgar Publishing .
   Google Scholar
• Bodén , B. 2007 . Naturbaserad turism och klimatförändring , Vol. 17 , Östersund : ETOUR Mid Sweden University . ETOUR Rapport 2007
   Google Scholar
• Breiling , M. and Charamza , P. 1999 . The impact of global warming on winter tourism and skiing: A regionalised model for Austrian snow conditions . Regional Environmental Change, , 1 ( 1 ) : 4 – 14 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bürki , R. , Elsasser , H. , Abegg , B. and Koenig , U. 2005 . “ Climate change and tourism in the Swiss Alps ” . In Tourism, recreation and climate change , Edited by: Hall , C. M. and Higham , J. 155 – 163 . Clevedon : Channel View Publications .
   Google Scholar
• Carter , T. and Kankaanpää , S. 2003 . A preliminary examination of adaptation to climate change in Finland , Helsinki, Finland: Finnish Environment Institute .
   Google Scholar
• Coshall , J. 1989 . The application of nonparametric statistical tests in geography Quantitative Methods Research Group (UK), CATMOG no. 50
   Google Scholar
• Elsasser , H. and Bürki , R. 2002 . Climate change as a threat to tourism in the Alps . Climate Research, , 20 : 253 – 257 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eurostat . 2009 . Retrieved from http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/nuts_nomenclature/introduction
   Google Scholar
• Fennell , D. A. and Ebert , K. 2004 . Tourism and the precautionary principle . Journal of Sustainable Tourism, , 12 ( 6 ) : 461 – 479 .
   Google Scholar
• Gössling , S. and Hall , C. M. 2006 . Tourism & global environmental change , London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Gössling , S. and Hall , C. M. 2008 . Swedish tourism and climate change mitigation: An emerging conflict? . Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality & Tourism, , 8 ( 2 ) : 141 – 158 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hall , C. M. 2006 . New Zealand tourism entrepreneur attitudes and behaviours with respect to climate change adaptation and mitigation . International Journal of Innovation and Sustainable Development, , 2 : 229 – 237 .
   Google Scholar
• Hall , C. M. and Higham , J. , eds. 2005 . Tourism, recreation and climate change , Clevedon: Channel View Publications .
   Google Scholar
• Hamilton , J. M. , Maddison , D. J. and Tol , R. S.J. 2005 . Climate change and international tourism: A simulation study . Global Environmental Change, , 15 ( 3 ) : 253 – 266 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harrison , S. J. , Winterbottom , S. J. and Sheppard , C. 1999 . The potential effects of climate change on the Scottish tourist industry . Tourism Management, , 20 : 203 – 211 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heberlein , T. , Fredman , P. and Vuorio , T. 2002 . Current tourism patterns in the Swedish mountain region . Mountain Research and Development, , 22 ( 2 ) : 142 – 149 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heininen , L. and Katermaa , T. 1993 . Regionalism in the North , Arctic Centre, University of Lapland .
   Google Scholar
• Hennessy , K. , Whetton , P. , Smith , I. , Bathols , J. , Hutchinson , M. and Sharples , J. 2003 . The impact of climate change on snow conditions in mainland Australia, Aspendale, Victoria , CSIRO Atmospheric Research .
   Google Scholar
• Hutchinson , R. W. 1995 . The capital structure and investment decisions of the small owner-managed firm: Some exploratory issues . Small Business Economics, , 7 : 231 – 239 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koenig , U. and Abegg , B. 1997 . Impacts of climate change on winter tourism in the Swiss Alps . Journal of Sustainable Tourism, , 5 ( 1 ) : 46 – 58 .
   Google Scholar
• Lind , P. and Kjellström , E. 2008 . Temperature and precipitation changes in Sweden: A wide range of model-based projections for the 21st century , Norrköping : Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute . SMHI-RMK 113
   Google Scholar
• Lise , W. and Tol , R. S.J. 2002 . Impact of climate on tourist demand . Climatic Change, , 55 : 429 – 449 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lundmark , L. 2005 . Economic restructuring into tourism in the Swedish Mountain Range . Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, , 5 ( 1 ) : 23 – 45 .
   Google Scholar
• Lundmark , L. , Pashkevich , A. , Jansson , B. and Wiberg , U. 2008 . Effects of climate change and extreme weather events on forest communities in the European North . Climate Change, , 87 : 235 – 249 .
   Google Scholar
• Maddison , D. 2001 . In search of warmer climates? The impact of climate change on flows of British tourists . Climatic Change, , 49 : 193 – 208 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moen , J. and Fredman , P. 2007 . Effects of climate change on Alpine skiing in Sweden . Journal of Sustainable Tourism, , 15 ( 4 ) : 418 – 437 .
   Google Scholar
• O’Brien , K. , Synga , L. and Haugen , J. 2004 . Vulnerable or resilient? A multiscale assessment of climate change impacts and vulnerabilities in Norway . Climatic Change, , 64 : 193 – 225 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parry , M. and Carter , T. 1998 . Climate impact and adaptation assessment , London : Earthscan .
   Google Scholar
• Pickering , C. 2011 . Changes in demand for tourism with climate change: A case study of visitation patterns to six ski resorts in Australia . Journal of Sustainable Tourism , 19 ( 6 ) : 767 – 781 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saarinen , J. and Tervo , K. 2006 . Perceptions and adaptation strategies of the tourism industry to climate change: The case of Finnish nature-based tourism entrepreneurs . International Journal of Innovation and Sustainable Development, , 1 ( 3 ) : 214 – 228 .
   Google Scholar
• Schneider , S. and Sarakhun , J. 2001 . “ Overview of impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability to climate change ” . In Climate change 2001: Impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability , Edited by: McCarthy , J. J. , Canziani , O. F. and Watson , R. T. 75 – 103 . Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Scott , D. , McBoyle , G. and Mills , B. 2003 . Climate change and the skiing industry in southern Ontario (Canada): Exploring the importance of snowmaking as a technical adaptation . Climate Research, , 23 : 171 – 181 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scott , D. , McBoyle , G. and Minogue , A. 2007 . Climate change and Quebec's ski industry . Global Environmental Change, , 17 : 181 – 190 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scott , D. , Wall , G. and McBoyle , G. 2005 . “ The evolution of the climate change issue in the tourism sector ” . In Tourism, recreation and climate change , Edited by: Hall , C. M. and Higham , J. 45 – 60 . Clevedon: Channel View Publications .
   Google Scholar
• Sievänen , T. , Tervo , K. , Neuvonen , M. , Pouta , E. , Saarinen , J. and Peltonen , A. 2005 . Nature-based tourism, outdoor recreation and climate change. FINADAPT Working Paper 11 , Helsinki, Finland: Finnish Environment Institute Mimeographs 341 .
   Google Scholar
• Smith , K. 1990 . Tourism and climate change . Land Use Policy, , 7 ( 2 ) : 176 – 180 .
   Google Scholar
• Smith , V. and Mobbs , S. A quantified correlation between Swiss Alpine snow cover duration and atmospheric thickness for a range of terrestrial altitudes and snow depths . Paper presented at the International Conference on Alpine Meteorology . France. 4–8 June 2007, Chambéry
   Google Scholar
• Snyder , J. M. 2007 . “ The economic role of arctic tourism ” . In Prospects for polar tourism , Edited by: Snyder , J. M. and Stonehouse , B. 102 – 122 . Wallingford, UK: CABI Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Tervo , K. 2008 . The operational and regional vulnerability of winter tourism to climate variability and change: The case of the Finnish nature-based tourism entrepreneurs . Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, , 8 ( 4 ) : 317 – 332 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilbanks , T. J. 2003 . Integrating climate change and sustainable development in a place-based context . Climate Policy, , 3 ( 1 ) : 147 – 154 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolfsegger , C. , Gössling , S. and Scott , D. 2008 . Climate change risk appraisal in the Austrian ski industry . Tourism Review International, , 12 ( 1 ) : 13 – 23 .
   Google Scholar