2,729
Views
88
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

An alternative approach to community-based ecotourism: a bottom-up locally initiated non-monetised project in Papua New Guinea

&
Pages 880-899 | Received 01 Aug 2011, Accepted 02 Nov 2012, Published online: 16 Jan 2013

References

  • Abrams , R. W. , Anwana , E. D. , Ormsby , A. , Dovie , D. B.K. , Ajagbe , A. and Abrams , A. 2009 . Integrating top-down with bottom-up conservation policy in Africa . Conservation Biology, , 23 ( 4 ) : 799 – 804 . doi: 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2009.01285.x
  • Adams , W. M. and Hulme , D. 2001 . If community conservation is the answer, what is the question? . Oryx, , 35 ( 3 ) : 193 – 200 .
  • Andereck , K. L. , Valentine , K. M. , Anshell , M. , Knopf , R. C. and Vogt , C. A. 2005 . Residents’ perception of community tourism impacts . Annals of Tourism Research, , 32 ( 4 ) : 1056 – 1076 . doi: 10.1016/j.annals.2005.03.001
  • Basu , P. K. 2000 . Conflicts and paradoxes in economic development: Tourism in Papua New Guinea . International Journal of Social Economics, , 27 : 907 – 916 . doi: 10.1108/03068290010336847
  • Bhanugopan , R. 2001 . Tourism development in Papua New Guinea: Strategies for success . Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, , 6 ( 2 ) : 65 – 73 . doi: 10.1080/10941660108722100
  • Blackstock , K. 2005 . A critical look at community based tourism . Community Development Journal, , 40 ( 1 ) : 39 – 49 . doi: 10.1093/cdj/bsi005
  • Blangy , S. and Mehta , H. 2006 . Ecotourism and ecological restoration . Journal for Nature Conservation, , 14 : 233 – 236 . doi: 10.1016/j.jnc.2006.05.009
  • Boeije , H. 2010 . Analysis in qualitative research , London : SAGE .
  • Bramwell , B. and Lane , B. 2011 . Critical research on the governance of tourism and sustainability . Journal of Sustainable Tourism, , 19 ( 4–5 ) : 411 – 421 . doi: 10.1080/09669582.2011.580586
  • Butcher , J. 2007 . Ecotourism, NGOs and development: A critical analysis , New York : Routledge .
  • Chok , S. , Macbeth , J. and Warren , C. 2007 . “ Tourism as a tool for poverty alleviation: A critical analysis of “pro-poor tourism” and implication for sustainability ” . In Pro-poor tourism: Who benefits?: Perspective on tourism and poverty reduction , Edited by: Hall , M. 34 – 55 . Clevedon : Channel View Publications .
  • CI . 2003 . RAP bulletin of biological assessment , Washington, DC : Conservation International .
  • CI. 2010 . Developing ecotourism Retrieved from CI website: http://www.conservation.org/learn/culture/ecotourism/Pages/projects.aspx
  • Cohen , E. 1988 . Authenticity and commoditization in tourism . Annals of Tourism Research, , 15 : 371 – 386 . doi: 10.1016/0160-7383(88)90028-X
  • Doxey , G. 1975 . “ A causation theory of visitor-resident irritants: Methodology and research inferences ” . In Travel and Tourism Research Association Sixth Annual Conference Proceedings , 195 – 198 . San Diego : CA .
  • Epler Wood , M. E . 1998 . USA Meeting the global challenge of community participation in ecotourism – Case studies and lessons from Ecuador (Working Paper No. 2
  • Erb , M. 2005 . “ Limiting tourism and the limits of tourism: The production and consumption of tourist attractions in Western Flores ” . In Indigenous tourism: The commodification and management of culture , Edited by: Ryan , C. and Aicken , M. 155 – 179 . Amsterdam : Elsevier .
  • Fergusson Island . 2010 . In Encyclopaedia Britannica Retrieved from http://original.search.eb.com/eb/article-9034042
  • Goodwin , H. 1996 . In pursuit of ecotourism . Biodiversity and Conservation, , 5 : 277 – 291 . doi: 10.1007/BF00051774
  • Harrison , D. 2010 . “ Tourism and development: Looking back and looking ahead – More of the same? ” . In Tourism research: A 20–20 vision. , Edited by: Pearce , D. G. and Butler , R. W. Oxford : Goodfellow .
  • Honey , M. 2008 . Ecotourism and sustainable development: Who owns paradise? , Washington, D.C. : Island .
  • Ingram , G. B . 1994 . Institutional obstacles to conservation: Fergusson Island, Papua New Guinea . Pacific Affairs, , 67 ( 1 ) : 26 – 45 . doi: 10.2307/2760118
  • Kinch , J. 2003 . “ Marine tenure and rights to resources in the Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea. CMT and rights to resources ” . Brisbane 2nd Pacific Regional International Association for the Study of Common Property Conference
  • King , D. A. and Stewart , W. P . 1996 . Ecotourism and commodification: Protecting people and places . Biodiversity and Conservation, , 5 : 293 – 305 . doi: 10.1007/BF00051775
  • Kiss , A. 2004 . Is community-based ecotourism a good use of biodiversity conservation funds? . Trends in Ecology and Evolution, , 19 ( 5 ) : 232 – 237 . doi: 10.1016/j.tree.2004.03.010
  • Kontogeorgopoulos , N. 2005 . Community-based ecotourism in Phuket and Ao Phangnga, Thailand: Partial victories and bittersweet remedies . Journal of Sustainable Tourism, , 13 ( 1 ) : 4 – 23 . doi: 10.1080/17501220508668470
  • Kuehling , S. 2005 . Dobu: Ethics on exchange on a Massim island, Papua New Guinea , Hawaii : University of Hawaii Press .
  • Lele , S. , Wilshusen , P. , Brockington , D. , Seidler , R. and Bawa , K. 2010 . Beyond exclusion: Alternative approaches to biodiversity conservation in the developing tropics . Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, , 2 : 94 – 100 . doi: 10.1016/j.cosust.2010.03.006
  • Manyara , G. and Jones , E. 2007 . Community-based tourism enterprises development in Kenya: An exploration of their potential as avenues of poverty reduction . Journal of Sustainable Tourism, , 15 ( 6 ) : 628 – 644 . doi: 10.2167/jost723.0
  • Matarrita-Cascante , D. , Brennan , M. A. and Luloff , A. E. 2010 . Community agency and sustainable tourism development: The case of La Fortuna, Costa Rica . Journal of Sustainable Tourism, , 18 ( 6 ) : 735 – 756 . doi: 10.1080/09669581003653526
  • Mbaiwa , J. E. 2005 . “ Community-based tourism and the marginalised communities in Botswana: The case of Basarwa in the Okavango Delta ” . In Indigenous tourism: The commodification and management of culture , Edited by: Ryan , C. and Aicken , M. 87 – 109 . Amsterdam : Elsevier .
  • Medina , L. K. 2003 . Commoditizing culture: Tourism and Maya identity . Annals of Tourism Research, , 30 ( 2 ) : 353 – 368 . doi: 10.1016/S0160-7383(02)00099-3
  • Mehta , J. N. and Heinen , J. T . 2001 . Does community-based conservation shape favourable attitudes among locals? An empirical study from Nepal . Environmental Management, , 28 ( 2 ) : 165 – 177 . doi: 10.1007/s002670010215
  • Mitchell , J. and Muckosy , P. 2008 . “ A misguided quest: Community-based tourism in Latin America ” . Retrieved from Overseas Development Institute Website: http://www.dfid.gov.uk/R4D/PDF/Outputs/COPLA/tourism-OpPaper.pdf
  • Moulik , T. K. 1973 . Money, motivation and cash cropping , Canberra : New Guinea Research Unit, Australian National University .
  • Mowforth , M. and Munt , I. 2009 . Tourism and sustainability: Development and new tourism in Third World (3rd ed.) , Abingdon : Routledge .
  • Murphree , M. 1994 . “ The role of institutions in community-based conservation ” . In Natural connections: Perspectives in community-based conservation , Edited by: Western , D. and Wright , M. 403 – 427 . Washington DC : Island .
  • Nagai , Y. and Lister , R. 2003 . What is our culture? What is our language? Dialogue towards the maintenance of indigenous culture and language in Papua New Guinea . Language and Education, , 17 ( 2 ) : 87 – 104 . doi: 10.1080/09500780308666841
  • Nelson , F. 2012 . Blessing or curse? The political economy of tourism development in Tanzania . Journal of Sustainable Tourism, , 20 ( 3 ) : 359 – 375 . doi: 10.1080/09669582.2011.630079
  • Olsen , K. 2002 . Authenticity as a concept in tourism research . Tourist Studies, , 2 : 159 – 182 . doi: 10.1177/146879702761936644
  • Petai , L. 2006 . “ An anthropological study on the viability of tourism development on Nuakata Island, Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea ” . In Milne Bay community-based coastal & marine conservation project: Various papers on community development in Milne Bay , Edited by: Christensen , M. S. USA : United Nations Development Program .
  • Robards , M. D. , Schoon , M. L. , Meek , C. L. and Engle , N. L. 2011 . The importance of social drivers in the resilient provision of ecosystem services . Global Environmental Change, , 21 ( 2 ) : 522 – 529 . doi: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2010.12.004
  • Salafsky , N. , Cauley , H. , Balachander , G. , Cordes , B. , Parks , J. , Margoluis , C. , Bhatt , S. and … Margoluis , R. 2001 . A systematic test of an enterprise strategy for community-based biodiversity conservation . Conservation Biology, , 15 : 1585 – 1595 . doi: 10.1046/j.1523-1739.2001.00220.x
  • Salazar , N. B. 2012 . Community-based cultural tourism: Issues, threats and opportunities . Journal of Sustainable Tourism, , 20 ( 1 ) : 9 – 22 . doi: 10.1080/09669582.2011.596279
  • Scheyvens , R. 1999 . Ecotourism and the empowerment of local communities . Tourism Management, , 20 : 245 – 249 . doi: 10.1016/S0261-5177(98)00069-7
  • Sharpley , R. and Telfer , D. 2002 . Tourism development, concepts and issues , Clevedon : Channel View Publications .
  • Simpson , M. C. 2007 . Community benefit tourism initiatives – A conceptual oxymoron? . Tourism Management, , 29 : 1 – 8 . doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2007.06.005
  • Stronza , A. and Gordillo , J. 2008 . Community views of ecotourism: Redefining benefits . Annals of Tourism Research, , 35 ( 2 ) : 444 – 468 . doi: 10.1016/j.annals.2008.01.002
  • Stronza , A. and Pêgas , F. 2008 . Ecotourism and conservation: Two cases from Brazil and Peru . Human Dimensions of Wildlife, , 13 ( 4 ) : 263 – 279 . doi: 10.1080/10871200802187097
  • Svoronou , E. and Holden , A. 2005 . Ecotourism as a tool for nature conservation: The role of WWF Greece in the Dadia–Lefkimi–Soufli Forest Reserve in Greece . Journal of Sustainable Tourism, , 13 ( 5 ) : 456 – 467 . doi: 10.1080/09669580508668573
  • Swartzendruber , J. F. 1993 . “ Executive summary of Papua conservation needs assessment. Biodiversity Support Program ” . Washington, D.C
  • Taylor , D. 2006 . “ Analysis of a number of tourism options for the Netuli community, Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea ” . In Milne Bay community-based coastal & marine conservation project: Various papers on community development in Milne Bay , Edited by: Christensen , M. S. USA : United Nations Development Program. .
  • Taylor , H. 2001 . “ Insights into participation from critical management and labour process perspective ” . In Participation: The new tyranny , Edited by: Cooke , B. and Kothari , U. London : Zed Books .
  • TNC . 2010 . “ Ecotourism ” . Retrieved from http://www.nature.org/aboutus/travel/ecotourism/
  • TRIP Consultants and Tohmatsu , D. T. 2007 . “ Growing PNG tourism as a sustainable industry: Papua New Guinea tourism sector review and master plan (2007–2017 ” . Port Moresby : Independent Consumer and Competition Commission PNG and Tourism Promotion Authority .
  • Turner , W. R. , Brandon , K. , Brooks , T. M. , Gascon , C. , Gibbs , H. K. , Lawrence , K. S. and … Selig , E. R. 2012 . Global biodiversity conservation and the alleviation of poverty . BioScience, , 62 ( 1 ) : 85 – 92 . doi: 10.1525/bio.2012.62.1.13
  • UNWTO . 2010 . Tourism and biodiversity – Achieving common goals towards sustainability Retrieved from WWF website: http://www.e-unwto.org/content/j6584k/?p=4c0fc713d75748e18e6501fe8237f499&pi=9
  • Van Helden , P . 2001 . A policy and planning needs assessment for the Milne Bay Marine Conservation Project (PNG/99/G41) Marine Conservation in Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea, UNOPS
  • von der Weppen , J. and Cochrane , J. 2012 . Social enterprises in tourism: An exploratory study of operational models and success factors . Journal of Sustainable Tourism, , 20 ( 3 ) : 497 – 511 . doi: 10.1080/09669582.2012.663377
  • Walpole , M. J. and Goodwin , H. J. 2001 . Local attitudes towards conservation and tourism around Komodo National Park, Indonesia . Environmental Conservation, , 28 ( 2 ) : 160 – 166 . doi: 10.1017/S0376892901000169
  • Wearing , S. , McDonald , M. and Ponting , J. 2005 . Building a decommodified research paradigm in tourism: The contribution of NGOs . Journal of Sustainable Tourism, , 13 ( 5 ) : 424 – 439 . doi: 10.1080/09669580508668571
  • Wearing , S. and Wearing , M. 2006 . Rereading the subjugating tourist in neoliberalism: Postcolonial otherness and tourist experience . Tourism Analysis, , 11 : 145 – 163 . doi: 10.3727/108354206778001512
  • Wearing , S. L. , Grabowski , S. , Chatterton , P. and Ponting , J. 2009 . Participatory planning for ecotrekking on a potential world heritage site: The communities of the Kokoda Track, Papua New Guinea . Pacific Economic Bulletin, , 24 ( 3 ) : 101 – 117 .
  • West , P. 2006 . Conservation is our government now: The politics of ecology in Papua New Guinea , London : Duke University Press .
  • Wilkinson , K. 1991 . The community in rural America. , Middleton, WI : Social Ecology Press .
  • Wunder , S. 2007 . The efficiency of payments for environmental services in tropical conservation . Conservation Biology, , 21 : 48 – 58 . (1), doi: 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2006.00559.x
  • WWF . 2001 . “ Guidelines for community-based ecotourism development ” . Retrieved from http://www.icrtourism.org/Publications/WWF1eng.pdf
  • WWF . 2008 . “ Welcome to Papua New Guinea ” . Retrieved from http://www.wwfpacific.org.fj/where_we_work/png/about.cfm
  • Young , M. W. 1983 . The massim . Journal of Pacific History, , 18 : 3 – 10 . (1),
  • Zeppel , H. 2006 . Indigenous ecotourism: Sustainable development and management , Wallingford : CABI .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.