Industrial tourists' behavioral intention toward slow travel in Taiwan

References

• Albrecht, D., Bultena, G., Hoiberg, E., & Nowak, P. (1982). Measuring environmental concern the new environmental paradigm scale. Journal of Environmental Education, 13(3), 39–43.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anable, J. (2005). “Complacent car addicts” or “aspiring environmentalists”? Identifying travel behavior segments using attitude theory. Transport Policy, 12(1), 65–78.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barr, S., Shaw, G., Coles, T., & Prillwitz, J. (2009). A holiday is a holiday: Practicing sustainability, home and away. Journal of Transport Geography, 18(3), 474–481.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Becken, S. (2004). How tourists and tourism experts perceive climate change and carbon-offsetting schemes. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 12(4), 332–345.
   Google Scholar
• Böcker, L., Prillwitz, J., & Dijst, M. (2013). Climate change impacts on mode choices and travelled distances: A comparison of present with 2050 weather conditions for the Randstad, Holland. Journal of Transport Geography, 28, 176–185.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buehler, R. (2011). Determinants of transport mode choice: A comparison of Germany and the US. Journal of Transport Geography, 19, 644–657.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bureau of Energy. (2009). Taiwan's master plan on energy conservation and GHGs emission reduction. Retrieved from http://web3.moeaboe.gov.tw/ECW/english/content/Content.aspx?menu_id=1527
   Google Scholar
• Castells, M. (2000). The rise of the network society (2nd ed.). Oxford: Blackwell.
   Google Scholar
• Ceron, J.P., & Dubois, G. (2007). Limits to tourism? A backcasting scenario for sustainable tourism mobility in 2050. Tourism and Hospitality Planning and Development, 4(3), 191–209.
   Google Scholar
• Conway, D., & Timms, B.F. (2010). Re-branding alternative tourism in the Caribbean: The case for slow tourism. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 10(4), 329–344.
   Google Scholar
• Conway, D., & Timms, B.F. (2012a). Are slow travel and slow tourism misfits, compadres or different genres? Tourism Recreation Research, 37(1), 71–76.
   Google Scholar
• Conway, D., & Timms, B.F. (2012b). Are slow travel and slow tourism misfits, compadres or different genres? In T.V. Singh (Ed.), Critical debates in tourism (pp. 365–373). Bristol: Channel View Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Cortina, J. (1993). What is coefficient alpha? An examination of theory and methods. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78(1), 98–104.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Curtis, J.E., Grabb, E.G., & Baer, D.E. (1992). Voluntary association membership in fifteen countries: A comparative analysis. American Sociological Review, 57(2), 139–152.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De la Barre, S., (2012). Travelling around on Yukon Time in Canada's north. In S. Fullagar, K. Markwell, & E. Wilson (Eds.), Slow tourism experiences and mobilities (pp. 157–169). Bristol: Channel View Publications.
   Google Scholar
• De Vos, J., Derudder, B., Van Acker, V., & Witlox, F. (2012). Reducing car use: Changing attitudes or reloacting? The influence of residential dissonance on travel behavior. Journal of Transport Geography, 22, 1–9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dickinson, J., & Lumsdon, L. (2010). Slow travel and tourism. London: Earthscan Ltd.
   Google Scholar
• Dickinson, J.E., Filimonau, V., Cherrett, T., Davies, N., Norgate, S., Speed, C., … Winstanley, C. (2013). Understanding temporal rhythms and travel behaviour at destinations: Potential ways to achieve more sustainable travel. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 21(7), 1070–1090.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dickinson, J.E., Lumsdon, L.M., & Robbins, D. (2011). Slow travel: Issues for tourism and climate change. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 19(3), 281–300.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dickinson, J.E., Robbins, D.K., & Lumsdon, L. (2010). Holiday travel discourses and climate change. Journal of Transport Geography, 18, 482–489.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dolnicar, S., Crouch, G.I., & Long, P. (2008). Environment-friendly tourists: What do we really know about them? Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 16(2), 197–210.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dubois, H., & Ceron, J.-P. (2006). Tourism and climate change: Proposals for a research agenda. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 14(4), 399–415.
   Google Scholar
• Dunlap, R.E., & van Liere, K.. (1978). The new environmental paradigm: A proposed measuring instrument. Journal of Environmental Education, 9, 10–19.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Energy Smart Communities Initiative. (2015). I3 travel project – promoting low carbon tourism and intelligent transportation services in Sun-Moon-Lake area. Retrieved from http://esci-ksp.org/project/i3-travel-project%EF%BC%8Dpromoting-low-carbon-tourism-and-intelligent-transportation-services-in-sun-moon-lake-area/
   Google Scholar
• Environmental Protection Administration. (2012). Low-carbon sustainable community. Retrieved from http://lcss.epa.gov.tw/LcssOldData/Default.aspx?Action=EBB53A55B1BBAF77
   Google Scholar
• Euromonitor International. (2007). WTM global trends report 2007. Retrieve from http://lupyosowski.coxslot.com/wtm-global-trends-report-2007-430.php
   Google Scholar
• Fairweather, J.R., Maslin, C., & simmons, D.G. (2005). Environmental values and response to ecolabels among international visitors to New Zealand. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 13(1), 82–98.
   Google Scholar
• Fallon, J. (2012). If you're making waves, then you have to slow down’: Slow tourism and canals. In S. Fullagar, K. Markwell, & E. Wilson (Eds.), Slow tourism experiences and mobilities (pp. 143–156). Bristol: Channel View Publications
   Google Scholar
• Fink, A. (2009). How to conduct surveys: A step-by-step guide (4th ed). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Frew, E.A., & Winter, C. (2010). Tourist response to climate change: Regional and metropolitan diversity. Tourism Review International, 13(4), 237–246.
   Google Scholar
• Freytag, T. (2002). Tourism in Heidelberg: Getting a picture of the city and its visitors. In K. Wöber (Ed.), City tourism 2002 (pp. 211–219). Vienna: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Fullagar, S. (2012). Gendered cultures of slow travel: Women's cycle touring as an alternative hedonism. In S. Fullagar, K. Markwell, & E. Wilson (Eds.), Slow tourism experiences and mobilities (pp. 99–112). Bristol: Channel View Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Gibson, D., Pratt, S., & Movono, A. (2012). Tribe tourism: A case study of the Tribewanted project on Vorovoro, Fiji. In S. Fullagar, K. Markwell, & E. Wilson (Eds.), Slow tourism experiences and mobilities (pp. 185–200). Bristol: Channel View Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Gössling, S. (2011). Carbon management in tourism. New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Gössling, S. (2000). Sustainable tourism development in developing countries: Some aspects of energy-use. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 8(5), 410–425.
   Google Scholar
• Gössling, S. (2002). Global environmental consequences of tourism. Global Environmental Change-human and Policy Dimensions, 12(4), 283–302.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gössling, S., Hall, C.M., Peeters, P., & Scott, D. (2010). The future of tourism: Can tourism growth and climate policy be reconciled? A climate change mitigation perspective. Tourism Recreation Research, 35(2), 119–130.
   Google Scholar
• Gössling, S., Hall, M., Lane, B., & Weaver, D. (2008). The Helsingborg statement on sustainable tourism. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 16, 122–124.
   Google Scholar
• Gössling, S. & Hall, C.M. (Eds.). (2006). Tourism and global environmental change: Ecological, social, economic and political interrelationships. Abingdon, Oxford: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Green Tourism Association of Taiwan Website. (2013). Green tourism: The best choice for everyone (in Chinese). Retrieved from http://www.twword.com/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E7%B6%A0%E8%89%B2%E6%97%85%E9%81%8A%E5%8D%94%E6%9C%83
   Google Scholar
• Gronau, W. (2014). Individual lifestyle as a determinant for sustainable tourism mobility: A transport planning perspective. In S.A. Cohen, J.E.S. Higham, P. Peeters, & S. Gössling (Eds.), Understanding and governing sustainable tourism mobility: psychological and behavioural approaches. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Gronau, W., & Kagermeier, A. (2007). Key factors for successful leisure and tourism public transport provision. Journal of Transport Geography, 15, 127–135.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guiver, J., Lumsdon, L., & Morris, K. (2007). The role of scheduled buses in reducing car journeys in tourists areas. In P. Peeters (Ed.), Tourism and climate change mitigation. Methods, greenhouse gas reductions and policies (pp. 119–132). Breda: NHTV Academic Series.
   Google Scholar
• Hall, D.R. (1999). Conceptualising tourism transport: Inequality and externality issues. Journal of Transport Geography, 7(3), 181–188.
   Google Scholar
• Heitmann, S., Robinson, P., & Povey, G. (2011).Slow food, slow cities and slow tourism. In P. Robinson, S. Robinson, & P.U.C. Dieke (Eds.), Research themes for tourism (pp. 114–127). Oxford: CAB International.
   Google Scholar
• Hensher, D.A., Stopher, P., & Bullock, P. (2003). Service quality-developing a service quality index in the provision of commercial bus contracts. Transportation Research Part A, 37(6), 499–517.
   Google Scholar
• Hergesell, A., & Dickinger, A. (2013). Environmentally friendly holiday transport mode choices among students: The role of price, time and convenience. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 21(4), 596–613
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hibbert, J.F., Dickinson, J.E., Gössling, S., & Curtin, S. (2013). Identity and tourism mobility: An exploration of the attitude-behaviour gap. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 21(7), 999–1016.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Higham, J., Cohen, S.A., Peeters, P, & Gössling. (2013). Psychological and behavioural approaches to understanding and governing sustainable mobility. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 21(7), 949–967.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holly, F.M., Hallo, J.C., Baldwin, E.D., & Mainella, F.P. (2010). Incentives and disincentives for day visitors to park and ride public tranportation at Acadia National Park. Journal of Park and Recreation Administration, 28(2), 74–93.
   Google Scholar
• Honoré, C. (2004). In praise of slowness: How a worldwide movement is challenging the cult of speed. San Francisco, CA: Harper.
   Google Scholar
• Howard, C. (2012). Speeding up and slowing down: Pilgrimage and slow travel through time. In S. Fullagar, K. Markwell, & E. Wilson (Eds.), Slow tourism experiences and mobilities (pp. 11–24). Bristol: Channel View Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Høyer, K.G. (2000). Sustainable tourism or sustainable mobility? The Norwegian case. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 8(2), 147–160.
   Google Scholar
• Juvan, E., & Dolnicar, S. (2014). Can tourists easily choose a low carbon footprint vacation? Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 22(2), 175–194.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelly, J., Haider, W., & Williams, P.W. (2007). A behavioral assessment of tourism transportation options for reducing energy consumption and greenhouse gases. Journal of Travel Research, 45, 297–309.
   Google Scholar
• Kozak, M. (2001). Repeaters' behaviour at two distinct destination. Annals of Tourism Research, 28(3), 784–807.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lane, B. (2009). Thirty years of sustainable tourism, drivers progress, problems and the future. In S. Gössling, C.M. Hall, & D.B. Weaver (Eds.), Sustainable tourism futures, perspective on systems, restructuring and innovations (pp. 19–30). London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Lee, W.H., & Moscardo, G. (2005). Understanding the impact of ecotourism resort experiences on tourists' environmental attitudes and behavioural intentions. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 13(6), 346–565.
   Google Scholar
• Lin, W.-C. (2012). The tourist preference for mode choice in scenic areas – a case of Sun-Moon Lake route, Taiwan Tourist Shuttle Bus (in Chinese) (Master thesis). Institute of Traffic and Transportaion, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu.
   Google Scholar
• Lo, A., & Lam, T. (2004). Long-haul and short-haul outbound all-inclusive package tours. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 9(2), 161–176.
   Google Scholar
• Lumsdon, L.M. (2006). Factors affecting the design of tourism bus services. Annals of Tourism Research, 33(3), 748–766, DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2006.03.019
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lumsdon, L.M., Downward, P., & Rhoden, S. (2006). Transport for tourism: Can public transport encourage a modal shift in the day visitor market? Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 14, 139–156.
   Google Scholar
• Lumsdon, L.M., & McGrath, P. (2011). Developing a conceptual framework for slow travel: A grounded theory approach. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 19(3), 265–279.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mainland Affairs Council. (2012). Reviewing the policy implementation for promoting Chinese to Taiwan for sightseeing (in Chinese). Retrieved from http://www.mac.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=100977&ctNode=5650&mp=1
   Google Scholar
• Marcel, H., Blöbaum, A., & Matthies, E. (2001). Responsibility and environment: Ecological norm orientation and external factors in the domain of travel mode choice behavior. Environment and Behavior, 33(6), 830–852.
   Google Scholar
• Markwell, K., Fullagar, S., & Wilson, E. (2012). Reflecting upon slow travel and tourism experiences. In S. Fullagar, K. Markwell, & E. Wilson (Eds.), Slow tourism experiences and mobilities (pp. 227–233). Bristol: Channel View Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Matos, W. (2004). Can slow travel bring new life to the Alpine regions? In C. Weiermair (Ed.), The tourism and leisure industry (pp. 93–103). New York, NY: Haworth.
   Google Scholar
• McDaniels, T., Axelrod, L.J., & Slovic, P. (1996). Perceived ecological risks of global change. Global Environmental Change, 6(2), 159–171.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McEvoy, D., Cavan, G., Handley, J., McMorrow, J., & Lindley, S. (2008). Changes to climate and visitor behaviour: Implications for vulnerable landscapes in the North West Region of England. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 16(1), 101–121.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGrath, P. (2014). Escape from time: Experience the travel within. In S. Elkington & S.J. Gammon (Eds.), Contemporary perspectives in leisure: Meanings, motives and lifelong learning (pp. 18–27). London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Miller, C.A., & Wright, R.G. (1999). An assessment of visitor satisfaction with public transportation services at Denali National Park and Preserve. Park Science, 19(2), 18–19.
   Google Scholar
• Mintel. (2009). Slow travel: Special report. London: Mintel International Group Ltd.
   Google Scholar
• Molz, J.G. (2009).Representing pace in tourism mobilities: Staycations, Slow Travel and the Amazing Race. Journal of Tourism and Cultural Change, 7(4), 270–286.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nerhagen, L. (2003). Travel mode choices: Effects of previous experience on choice behaviour and valuation. Tourism Economics, 9(1), 5–30.
   Google Scholar
• Nilsson, J.H., Svärd, A.C., Widarsson, A., & Wirell, T. (2007). Slow destination marketing in small Italian towns. Paper presented at the 16th Nordic Symposium in Tourism and Hospitality Research, Helsingborg.
   Google Scholar
• Nilsson, M., & Küller, R. (2000). Travel behaviour and environmental concern. Transport Research Part D, 5, 211–234.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patterson, T.M., Niccolucci, V., & Bastianoni, S. (2007). Beyond “more is better”: Ecological footprint accounting for tourism and consumption in Val die Merse, Italy. Ecoloigcal Economics, 62(3–4), 747–756.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pearce, P.L., & Lee, U.-I. (2005). Developing the travel career approach to tourist motivation. Journal of Travel Research, 43(3), 226–237.
   Google Scholar
• Peeters, P., Gössling, S., & Lane, B. (2009). Moving towards low-carbon tourism. In S. Gössling, C.M., Hall, & D.B. Weaver (Eds.),. Sustainable tourism futures. Perspectives on systems, restructuring and innovations (pp. 240–257). New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Peeters, P.M., & Dubois, G. (2010). Tourism travel under climate change mitigation constraints. Journal of Transport Geography, 18, 447–457.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peters, P. (2006). Time, innovation and mobilities: Travel in technological cultures. London: Taylor & Trancis.
   Google Scholar
• Pettebone, D., Newman, P., Lawson, S.R., Hunt, L., Monz, C., & Zwiefka, J. (2011). Estimating visitors' travel mode choices along the Bear Lake Road in Rocky Mountain National Park. Journal of Transport Geography, 19, 1210–1221.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petters, P.M., Van Egmond, T., & Visser, N. (2004). European tourism, transport and environment ( Final version. Deliverable 1 for the DG-entr Mustt project). Breda: NHTV Centre for Sustainable Tourism and Transport.
   Google Scholar
• Pietryowski, B. (2004). You are what you eat: The social economy of the slow food economy. Review of the Social Economy, 62, 307–321.
   Google Scholar
• Prillwitz, J., & Barr, S. (2011). Moving towards sustainability? Mobility styles, attitudes and individual travel behaviour. Journal of Transport Geography, 19, 1590–1600.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prioni, P., & Hensher, D.A. (2000). Measuring service quality in scheduled bus services. Journal of Public Transportation, 3(2), 51–74.
   Google Scholar
• Pritchard, M.P., & Havitz, M.E. (2006). Destination appraisal: An analysis of critical incidents. Annals of Tourism Research, 33(1), 25–46.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ram, Y., Nawijn, J., & Peeters, P.M. (2013). Happiness and limits to sustainable tourism mobility: A new conceptual modal. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 21(7), 1017–1035.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ritzer, G. (1996). The McDonalization of society: An investigation into the changing character of contemporary society (Rev. ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Pine Forge Press.
   Google Scholar
• Robbins, D., & Dickinson, J. (2007). Can domestic tourism growth and reduced car dependency be achieved simultaneously in the UK? In P. Peeters (Ed.), Tourism and climate change mitigation. Methods, greenhouse gas reduction and policies (pp. 169–188). Breda: NHTV Academic Series.
   Google Scholar
• Schiefelbusch, M., Jain, A., Schäfer, T., & Müller, D.. (2007). Transport and tourism: Roadmap to integrated planning developing and assessing integrated travel chains. Journal of Transport Geography, 15, 94–103.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scott, D., & Becken, S. (2010). Adapting to climate change and climate policy: Progress, problems and potentials. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 18(3), 283–295.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shiftan, Y., Vary, D., & Geyer, D. (2006). Demand for park shuttle services: A stated preference approach. Journal of Transport Geography, 14(1), 52–59.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Speakman, C. (2005). Tourism and transport: Future prospects. Tourism and Hospitality Planning and Development, 2, 129–137.
   Google Scholar
• Steg, L., & Vlek, C. (2009). Encouraging pro-environmental behaviour: An integrative review and research agenda. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 29, 309–317.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Su, Y.-P., & Hall, C.M.(2015). Climate change and tourism in Asia: A review. In L. Ruhanen (Ed.), Responding to climate change: An examination of tourism related initiatives in Asia and the Pacific. Madrid, Spain: UNWTO Publications.
   Google Scholar
• The World Travel & Tourism Council. (2015). The economic impact of travel and tourism 2014. Retrieved from http://www.wttc.org/-/media/files/reports/economic%20impact%20research/country%20reports/taiwan2014.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Thompson, K., & Schofield, P. (2007). An investigation of the relationship between public transport performance and destination satisfaction. Journal of Transport Geography, 15, 136–144.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thrasher, S.A., Hickey, T.R., & Hudome, R.J. (2000). Enhancing transit circulation in resort areas: Operational and design strategies. Transportation Research Record, 1735, 79–83.
   Google Scholar
• Tiyce, M., & Wilson, E. (2012). Wandering Australia: Independent travelers and slow journeys. In S. Fullagar, K. Markwell, & E. Wilson (Eds.), Slow tourism experiences and mobilities (pp. 113–127). Bristol: Channel View Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Tourism Bureau, MOTC Taiwan. (2010). The policy reviews two years after allowing Chinese to Taiwan for sightseeing (in Chinese). Retrieved 1 June 2016 from http://admin.taiwan.net.tw/news/news_d.aspx?no=174&d=2614&tag=1
   Google Scholar
• Tourism Bureau, MOTC Taiwan. (2016). Visitor statistics by residence (in Chinese). Retrieved from http://admin.taiwan.net.tw/public/public.aspx?no=315
   Google Scholar
• UNWTO-UNEP-WMO. (2008). Climate change and tourism: Responding to global challenges. Madrid: Author.
   Google Scholar
• Van Goeverden, C.D. (2007). Long distance travel in Europe: The potential of the train. In P. Peeters (Ed.), Tourism and climate change mitigation. Methods, greenhouse gas reductions and policies (pp. 105–118). Breda: NHTV Academic Series.
   Google Scholar
• Verbeek, D., & Mommaas, H. (2008). Transitions to sustainable tourism mobility: The social practices approach. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 16(6), 629–644.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, K.-C., Hsieh, A.-T., Chou, S.-H., & Lin, Y.-S. (2007). GPTCCC: An instrument for measuring group package tour service. Tourism Management, 28, 361–376.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, K.-C., Hsieh, A.-T., & Huan, T.-C. (2000). Critical service features in group package tour: An exploratory research. Tourism Management, 21, 171–189.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woehler, K.H. (2004). The rediscovery of slowness, or leisure time as one's own and as self-aggrandizement in the tourism and leisure industry. In K.A.M. & C. Weiemaair ( Ed.), The tourism and leisure industry shaping the future (pp. 83–92). New York, NY: Haworth.
   Google Scholar
• Wong, C.-K., & Kwong, K.-Y.Y. (2004). Outbound tourists' selection criteria for choosing all-inclusive package tours. Tourism Management, 5, 581–592.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woodside, A.G., & Dubelaar, C. (2002). A general theory of tourism consumption systems: A conceptual framework and an empirical exploration. Journal of Travel Research, 41, 120–132.
   Google Scholar
• Youngs, Y.L., White, D.D., & Wodrich, J.A. (2008). Transportation systems as cultural landscapes in National Parks: The case of Yosemite. Society and Natural Resources, 21(9), 797–811.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar