Tourism under climate crisis in Asia: impacts and implications

References

• Abeydeera, U. W., & Karunasena, G. (2019). Carbon emissions of hotels: The case of the Sri Lankan hotel industry. Buildings, 9(11), 227. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings9110227
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ADB. (2015). Southeast Asia and the economics of global climate stabilization. Asian Development Bank.
   Google Scholar
• Adler, C. E., McEvoy, D., Chhetri, P., & Kruk, E. (2013). The role of tourism in a changing climate for conservation and development. A problem-oriented study in the Kailash Sacred Landscape, Nepal. Policy Sciences, 46(2), 161–178. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11077-012-9168-4
   Google Scholar
• Ahmad, W., Majeed, M. T., Naz, A., Andlib, Z., & Tanveer, T. (2020). Tourism and CO2 emissions: A case study of selected South Asian countries. The Journal of Business Economics and Environmental Studies, 10(4), 21–27. https://doi.org/10.13106/JBEES.2020.VOL10.NO4.21
   Google Scholar
• Ahmed, A., & Laijun, Z. (2014). A study of the relationship between carbon emission and tourism development in Maldives. African Journal of Business Management, 8(20), 962–971. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJBM2014.7440
   Google Scholar
• Ahmed, S. M. (2019). Risks of climate change at coastal tourism in Bangladesh: A study on Cox’s Bazar. Information Management and Business Review, 11(3), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.22610/imbr.v11i3(I).2942
   Google Scholar
• ALDabbas, A., Gal, Z., & Attila, B. (2018). Neural network estimation of tourism climatic index (TCI) based on temperature-humidity index (THI)-Jordan region using sensed datasets. Carpathian Journal of Electronic and Computer Engineering, 11(2), 50–55. https://doi.org/10.2478/cjece-2018-0019
   Google Scholar
• Alhowaish, A. K. (2016). Is tourism development a sustainable economic growth strategy in the long run? Evidence from GCC countries. Sustainability, 8(7), 605. https://doi.org/10.3390/su8070605
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ali, W., Sadiq, F., Kumail, T., & Aburumman, A. (2021). Do international tourism, structural changes, trade openness and economic growth matter in determining CO2 emissions in Pakistan? Tourism Analysis, 26(4), 293–305. https://doi.org/10.3727/108354220X15957749192088
   Google Scholar
• Amarawardhana, K. N., Senanayake, N. S., & Abeyweera, R. (2015). Modeling of energy utilization of tourism industry of Sri Lanka and prediction of future energy demand. International Journal of Energy Engineering, 5(5), 87–94. https://doi.org/10.5923/j.ijee.20150505.01
   Google Scholar
• Amiranashvili, A. G., Kartvelishvili, L. G., & Matzarakis, A. (2018). The statistical characteristics of tourism climate index in Kakheti (Georgia). Journal of the Georgian Geophysical Society, 21(2), 95–112.
   Google Scholar
• Anup, K. C. (2017). Climate change and its impact on tourism in Nepal. Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Education, 7, 25–43. https://doi.org/10.3126/jthe.v7i0.17688
   Google Scholar
• Anup, K. C., & Thapa Parajuli, R. B. (2015). Climate change and its impact on tourism in the Manaslu conservation area, Nepal. Tourism Planning & Development, 12(2), 225–237. https://doi.org/10.1080/21568316.2014.933122
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ASEAN. (2015). ASEAN Tourism Strategic Plan 2016-2025. https://asean.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/ATSP-2016-2025.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Athulathmudali, S., Balasuriya, A., & Fernando, K. (2011). An exploratory study on adapting to climate change in coastal areas of Sri Lanak. Centre for Poverty Analysis.
   Google Scholar
• Azam, M., Alam, M. M., & Hafeez, M. H. (2018). Effect of tourism on environmental pollution: Further evidence from Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand. Journal of Cleaner Production, 190, 330–338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.04.168
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bakhtiari, B., Bakhtiari, A., & Afzali Gorouh, Z. (2018). Investigation of climate change impacts on tourism climate comfort in Iran. Global NEST Journal, 20(2), 291–303.
   Google Scholar
• Bakker, P. (2018). Future coastline recession and beach loss in Sri Lanka [Master thesis]. University of Twente. http://essay.utwente.nl/76140/1/Bakker%2C%20P.J.J.%201390198%20_openbaar.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Bano, S., Alam, M., Khan, A., & Liu, L. (2021). The nexus of tourism, renewable energy, income, and environmental quality: An empirical analysis of Pakistan. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 23(10), 14854–14877. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-021-01275-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Becken, S., Hay, J., & Espiner, S. (2010). The risk of climate change for tourism in the Maldives. In J. Carlsen & R. Butler (Eds.), Island tourism: Towards a sustainable perspective (pp. 72–84). CABI.
   Google Scholar
• Becken, S., Hess, J. S., & Wisansing, J. (2019). Mainstreaming climate change adaptation into tourism policy in Thailand. Griffith Institute for Tourism Research Report.
   Google Scholar
• Becken, S., Lama, A. K., & Espiner, S. (2013). The cultural context of climate change impacts: Perceptions among community members in the Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal. Environmental Development, 8, 22–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envdev.2013.05.007
   Google Scholar
• Beirne, J., Renzhi, N., & Volz, U. (2021). Bracing for the Typhoon: Climate change and sovereign risk in Southeast Asia. Sustainable Development, 29(3), 537–551. https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.2199
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhandari, L. N. (2014). Climate change impacts and adaptation strategies on tourism in Nepal. Crossing the Border: International Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 2(1), 113–126. https://doi.org/10.3126/ctbijis.v2i1.10817
   Google Scholar
• Bhochhibhoya, S., Maskey, R. K., & Khanal, S. N. (2010). Mitigating climate change through energy efficient practices in high altitutes of Nepal. Linnaeus Eco-Tech, (11), 745–755. https://doi.org/10.15626/Eco-Tech.2010.081
   Google Scholar
• Brahmasrene, T., & Lee, J. W. (2017). Assessing the dynamic impact of tourism, industrialization, urbanization, and globalization on growth and environment in Southeast Asia. International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology, 24(4), 362–371. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504509.2016.1238021
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burke, M., Davis, W. M., & Diffenbaugh, N. (2018). Large potential reduction in economic damages under UN mitigation targets. Nature, 557(7706), 549–553. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0071-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chandran, A., Kashyap, S., & Golla, S. B. (2021). Low carbon tourism: An explorative study on walking tours fostering responsible tourism in Delhi. ATNA Journal of Tourism Studies, 14(2), 13–31. https://doi.org/10.12727/ajts.22.2
   Google Scholar
• Cheablam, O., & Shrestha, R. P. (2015). Climate change trends and its impact on tourism resources in Mu Ko Surin Marine National Park, Thailand. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 20(4), 435–454. https://doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2014.904803
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, C. M., Lin, Y. C., Li, E. Y., & Liu, C. C. (2017). Weather uncertainty effect on tourism demand. Tourism Economics, 23(2), 469–474. https://doi.org/10.5367/te.2015.0513
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chishti, M. Z., Ullah, S., Ozturk, I., & Usman, A. (2020). Examining the asymmetric effects of globalization and tourism on pollution emissions in South Asia. Environmental Science and Pollution Research International, 27(22), 27721–27737. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-09057-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choi, G., Kim, J., Sawitri, M. Y., & Lee, S. K. (2020). Ecotourism market segmentation in Bali, Indonesia: Opportunities for implementing REDD+. Land, 9(6), 186. https://doi.org/10.3390/land9060186
   Google Scholar
• Climate Centre. (2021). Climate change impacts on health and livelihoods. Retrieved from https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/RCRC_IFRC-Country-assessments-MONGOLIA-3.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Cruz, R. V., Harasawa, H., Lal, M., Wu, S., Anokhin, Y., Punsalmaa, B., Honda, Y., Jafari, M., Li, C., & Huu Ninh, N. (2007). Asia. In Parry, M. L., Canziani, O. F., Palutikof, J.P., van der Linden, P.J. and Hanson, C. E. (Eds.), Climate change 2007: Impacts, adaptation and vulnerability (pp. 469–506). Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Dar, R. A., Rashid, I., Romshoo, S. A., & Marazi, A. (2014). Sustainability of winter tourism in a changing climate over Kashmir Himalaya. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 186(4), 2549–2562. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-013-3559-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dearden, P., & Manopawitr, P. (2011). Climate change–coral reefs and dive tourism in South-east Asia. In Disappearing destinations: Climate change and future challenges for coastal tourism (pp. 144–160). CAB International. https://doi.org/10.1079/9781845935481.0144
   Google Scholar
• Demiroglu, O. C., Turp, M. T., Kurnaz, M. L., & Abegg, B. (2021). The ski climate index (SCI): Fuzzification and a regional climate modeling application for Turkey. International Journal of Biometeorology, 65(5), 763–777. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-020-01991-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Devkota, T. (2017). Climate change and its impact on tourism based livelihood in high mountain of Nepal. Journal of Development and Administrative Studies, 25(1–2), 11–23. https://doi.org/10.3126/jodas.v25i1-2.23435
   Google Scholar
• Dolezal, C., Trupp, A., & Bui, H. T. (2020). Tourism and development in Southeast Asia. Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• ESCAP & UNEP. (2020). Progress of NDC implementation in Asia-Pacific: Methodological framework and preliminary findings. https://www.unescap.org/sites/default/d8files/knowledge-products/Technical%20Paper%20on%20Progress%20of%20NDC%20Implementation_final_0.pdf
   Google Scholar
• ESCAP. (2021). Paris agreement implementation in Central Asia. https://www.unescap.org/sites/default/d8files/knowledge-products/Paris%20Agreement%20Implementation%20in%20Central%20Asia.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Fang, Y., Scott, D., & Steiger, R. (2021). The impact of climate change on ski resorts in China. International Journal of Biometeorology, 65(5), 677–689. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-019-01822-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Faulon, M., & Sacareau, I. (2020). Tourism, social management of water and climate change in an area of high altitude: The Everest Massif in Nepal. Revue de Géographie Alpine. 108(1), 4–12. https://doi.org/10.4000/rga.6779
   Google Scholar
• Fitchett, J. M., & Roshan, G. (2020). Climate change threats to cultural and heritage tourism in Iran. In Cultural and heritage tourism in the Middle East and North Africa (pp. 218–238). Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Fukushima, T., Kureha, M., Ozaki, N., Fujimori, Y., & Harasawa, H. (2002). Influences of air temperature change on leisure industries–case study on ski activities. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, 7(2), 173–189. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022803405470
   Google Scholar
• Fumagalli, M. (2020). Luang Prabang: Climate change and rapid development. Cities, 97, 102549. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2019.102549
   Google Scholar
• Gable, F. J., & Aubrey, D. G. (1990). Potential coastal impacts of contemporary changing climate on South Asian seas states. Environmental Management, 14(1), 33–46. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02394017
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gamage, A. (2014). CO2 emission of hotel sector in Sri Lanka: A case study & scenario analysis [Master thesis]. KTI School of Industrial Engineering and Management. https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2%3A815805&dswid=-5635
   Google Scholar
• Gamage, S. K. N., Kuruppuge, R. H., & Haq, I. u (2017). Energy consumption, tourism development, and environmental degradation in Sri Lanka. Energy Sources, Part B: Economics, Planning, and Policy, 12(10), 910–916. https://doi.org/10.1080/15567249.2017.1324533
   Google Scholar
• Guo, W., Zhang, X., & Xie, J. (2020). The efficiency and evolution mechanism of tourism based on the coastal cities. Journal of Coastal Research, 112(SI), 93–96. https://doi.org/10.2112/JCR-SI112-027.1
   Google Scholar
• GÜRBÜZ, A., Nurettin, A. Y. A. Z., & Apak, Ö. C. (2019). Kış turizminin sürdürülebilirliği kapsamında seyahat acentası yöneticilerinin bakış açısı: Kayseri örneği. Uluslararası Türk Dünyası Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 4(1), 35–46.
   Google Scholar
• Hadipour, V., Vafaie, F., & Kerle, N. (2020). An indicator-based approach to assess social vulnerability of coastal areas to sea-level rise and flooding: A case study of Bandar Abbas city, Iran. Ocean & Coastal Management, 188, 105077. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2019.105077
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hall, C. M. (2018). Tourism and climate change in the Middle East. In Routledge Handbook on Tourism in the Middle East and North Africa (pp. 199–210). Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Hall, C. M. (2021). Climate change and tourism: Emerging transformations. In Farmaki, A., & Pappas, N (Eds.), Emerging transformations in tourism and hospitality (pp. 18–34). Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Hall, C. M., & Page, S. J. (2016). Tourism in South-east Asia. In C. M. Hall & Page, S.J. (Eds.), The Routledge handbook of tourism in Asia. Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Hassan, A., & Rahimi, R. (2018). Case Study Bangladesh: Addressing climate change effects on coastal tourism in St Martin’s Island of Bangladesh. In A. Jones & M. Phillips (Eds.), Global climate change and coastal tourism: Recognizing problems, managing solutions and future expectations (pp. 212–220). CABI.
   Google Scholar
• Hassan, K., Higham, J., Wooliscroft, B., & Hopkins, D. (2019). Climate change and world heritage: A cross-border analysis of the Sundarbans (Bangladesh–India). Journal of Policy Research in Tourism, Leisure and Events, 11(2), 196–219. https://doi.org/10.1080/19407963.2018.1516073
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• He, X. R., & Min, J. (2015). Tourism development in the context of climate change: International review and implications for China. Tourism Tribune, 30(12), 35–45. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1002-5006.2015.12.008(In Chinese).
   Google Scholar
• Hejazizadeh, Z., Karbalaee, A., Hosseini, S. A., & Tabatabaei, S. A. (2019). Comparison of the holiday climate index (HCI) and the tourism climate index (TCI) in desert regions and Makran coasts of Iran. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 12(24), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-019-4997-5
   Google Scholar
• Hereher, M., Al-Awadhi, T., Al-Hatrushi, S., Charabi, Y., Mansour, S., Al-Nasiri, N., Sherief, Y., & El-Kenawy, A. (2020). Assessment of the coastal vulnerability to sea level rise: Sultanate of Oman. Environmental Earth Sciences, 79(15), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-020-09113-0
   Google Scholar
• Herrera-Cano, C., & Herrera-Cano, A. (2016). Maldivian disaster risk management and climate change action in tourism sector: Lessons for the sustainable development agenda. In M. A. Gonzalez-Perez & L. Leonard (Eds.), Advances in sustainability and environmental justice (Vol. 19, pp. 113–131). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1108/S2051-503020160000019006
   Google Scholar
• Hijioka, Y., Lin, E., Pereira, J. J., Corlett, R. T., Cui, X., Insarov, G. E., Lasco, R. D., Lindgren, E., & Surjan, A. (2014). Asia. In Barros, V.R., C.B. Field, D.J. Dokken, M.D. Mastrandrea, K.J. Mach, T.E. Bilir, M. Chatterjee, K.L. Ebi,Y.O. Estrada, R.C. Genova, B. Girma, E.S. Kissel, A.N. Levy, S. MacCracken, P.R. Mastrandrea, and L.L. White (Eds.), Climate change 2014: Impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability. Part B: Regional aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (pp. 1327–1370). Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hostermann, H., & Smith, J. (2015). Economic costs and benefits of cliamte change impacts and adaptation to the Maldives Tourism Industry: Increasing climate change resilience of Maldives through adaptation in the tourism sector. Ministry of Tourism, Republic of Maledives.
   Google Scholar
• IPCC. (2021). Climate Change 2021: The physical science basis. In Contribution of working group I to the sixth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change. https://www.ipcc.ch/report/sixth-assessment-report-working-group-i/. Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Ismail, F., Imran, A., Khan, N., & Qureshi, M. I. (2021). Past, present and future of ecotourism, a systematic literature review from last decade. Studies of Applied Economics, 39(4), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.25115/eea.v39i4.4592
   Google Scholar
• Jasrotia, S., & Sharma, M. (2020). Climate change impact on tourism-based livelihood and related youth migration—A case study for Nainital, Uttarakhand, India. In N. A. Siddiqui, S. M. Tauseef, & R. Dobhal (Eds.), Advances in water pollution monitoring and control (pp. 67–77). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9956-6_8
   Google Scholar
• Jayasinghe, M., & Selvanathan, E. A. (2021). Energy consumption, tourism, economic growth and CO2 emissions nexus in India. Journal of the Asia Pacific Economy, 26(2), 361–380. https://doi.org/10.1080/13547860.2021.1923240
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jermsittiparsert, K., & Chankoson, T. (2019). Behavior of tourism industry under the situation of environmental threats and carbon emission: Time series analysis from Thailand. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 9(6), 366–372. https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.8365
   Google Scholar
• Joshi, R., Kumar, K., & Kholia, B. S. (2012). Adaptations for tourism management under climate change – Analyses of Sikkim Himalaya. NeBio, 3(4), 26–30.
   Google Scholar
• Katircioğlu, S. T. (2014). Testing the tourism-induced EKC hypothesis: The case of Singapore. Economic Modelling, 41, 383–391. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2014.05.028
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelman, I., Gaillard, J. C., & Mercer, J. (2015). Climate change’s role in disaster risk reduction’s future: Beyond vulnerability and resilience. International Journal of Disaster Risk Science, 6(1), 21–27. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13753-015-0038-5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khand, P. B. (2018). Air traveler’s willingness to pay to offset their CO2 emission in Pokhara. Prithvi Academic Journal, 1(1), 12–22. https://doi.org/10.3126/paj.v1i1.25896
   Google Scholar
• Kim, S. Y., Park, C., Park, J. H., & Lee, D. K. (2015). Estimating effects of climate change on Ski industry–The case of Ski Resorts in South Korea. Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment, 24(5), 432–443. https://doi.org/10.14249/eia.2015.24.5.432
   Google Scholar
• Kitamura, Y., Ichisugi, Y., Karkour, S., & Itsubo, N. (2020). Carbon footprint evaluation based on tourist consumption toward sustainable tourism in Japan. Sustainability, 12(6), 2219. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12062219
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kong, Q. Q., Ge, Q. S., Xi, J. C., & Zheng, J. Y. (2015). Thermal comfort and its trend in key tourism cities of China. Geographical Research, 34(12), 2238–2246. https://doi.org/10.11821/dlyj201512003 (In Chinese)
   Google Scholar
• Kothari, U. (2014). Political discourses of climate change and migration: Resettlement policies in the Maldives. The Geographical Journal, 180(2), 130–140. https://doi.org/10.1111/geoj.12032
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krishnan, P., Ananthan, P. S., Purvaja, R., Joyson Joe Jeevamani, J., Amali Infantina, J., Srinivasa Rao, C., Anand, A., Mahendra, R. S., Sekar, I., Kareemulla, K., Biswas, A., Kalpana Sastry, R., & Ramesh, R. (2019). Framework for mapping the drivers of coastal vulnerability and spatial decision making for climate-change adaptation: A case study from Maharashtra, India. Ambio, 48(2), 192–212. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-018-1061-8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kubokawa, H., Inoue, T., & Satoh, M. (2014). Evaluation of the Tourism Climate Index over Japan in a future climate using a statistical downscaling method. Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan. Ser. II, 92(1), 37–54. https://doi.org/10.2151/jmsj.2014-103
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kulözü-Uzunboy, N., & Demiroglu, O. C. (2021). Climate change adaptation: Capacity building for winter tourism in Western Asia. In W. Leal Filho, A.M. Azul, L. Brandli, P. G. Özuyar, T. Wall (Eds.), Climate action: Encyclopedia of the UN sustainable development goals (pp. 1–14). Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Kumail, T., Ali, W., Sadiq, F., Wu, D., & Aburumman, A. (2020). Dynamic linkages between tourism, technology and CO2 emissions in Pakistan. Anatolia, 31(3), 436–448. https://doi.org/10.1080/13032917.2020.1742169
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kunte, P. D., Jauhari, N., Mehrotra, U., Kotha, M., Hursthouse, A. S., & Gagnon, A. S. (2014). Multi-hazards coastal vulnerability assessment of Goa, India, using geospatial techniques. Ocean & Coastal Management, 95, 264–281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2014.04.024
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lama, A. K. (2016). Understanding institutional adaptation to climate change: Social resilience and adaptive governance capacities of the nature based tourism institutions in the Annapurna conservation area. Würzburg University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Lee, J. W., & Kwag, M., (2013). Green growth and sustainability: The role of tourism, travel and hospitality service industry in Korea. Journal of Distribution Science, 11(7), 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.13106/jds.2013.vol11.no7.15
   Google Scholar
• Lenzen, M., Sun, Y. Y., Faturay, F., Ting, Y. P., Geschke, A., & Malik, A. (2018). The carbon footprint of global tourism. Nature Climate Change, 8(6), 522–528. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-018-0141-x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, J., Cheng, H., Jiang, D., & Huang, L. (2019). Impact of climate-related changes to the timing of autumn foliage colouration on tourism in Japan. Tourism Management, 70, 262–267. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2018.08.021
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, J., Feng, T., & Yang, X. (2011). The energy requirements and carbon dioxide emissions of tourism industry of Western China: A case of Chengdu city. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 15(6), 2887–2894. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2011.02.029
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, J., Huang, L., Sun, X. Q., Li, N. X., & Zhang, H. J. (2019). Impact of climate change on birdwatching tourism in China: Based on the perspective of bird phenology. Acta Geographica Sinica, 74(05), 912–922. https://doi.org/10.11821/dlxb201905006(In Chinese)
   Google Scholar
• Liu, J., Li, Y. Y., Liu, H. L., Ge, Q. S., & Dai, J. H. (2016). Climate change and peach blossom viewing: Impact and adaptation. Geographical Research, 35, 504–512. https://doi.org/10.11821/dlyj201603009(In Chinese)
   Google Scholar
• Liu, T. Z. (2016). The influence of climate change on tourism demand in Taiwan national parks. Tourism Management Perspectives, 20, 269–275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2016.10.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, Y., Lu, Z. Q., & Chen, X. N. (2019). The climate comfort model for evaluating heat-avoiding resorts in China. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Sunyatseni, 58(03), 22–31. https://doi.org/10.13471/j.cnki.acta.snus.2019.03.003(In Chinese)
   Google Scholar
• Luo, F., Becken, S., & Zhong, Y. (2018). Changing travel patterns in China and ‘carbon footprint’implications for a domestic tourist destination. Tourism Management, 65, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2017.09.012
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma, X., Han, M., Luo, J., Song, Y., Chen, R., & Sun, X. (2021). The empirical decomposition and peak path of China’s tourism carbon emissions. Environmental Science and Pollution Research International, 28(46), 66448–66463. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-14956-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahagaonkar, A., Wangchuk, S., Ramanathan, A., Tshering, D., & Mahanta, C. (2017). Glacier environment and climate change in Bhutan—An overview. Journal of Climate Change, 3(2), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3233/JCC-170010
   Google Scholar
• Mat, N. H. N., Zabidi, Z. N., Yusof, Y., Salleh, H. S., Mohamed, W. N., & Yusof, Y. M. (2020). The nexus of climate change and hotel management in Malaysia: An exploratory study. International Journal of Sustainable Society, 12(1), 5–18. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJSSOC.2020.105018
   Google Scholar
• Mclennan, C. L. J., Becken, S., & Stinson, K. (2017). A water-use model for the tourism industry in the Asia-Pacific region: The impact of water-saving measures on water use. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 41(6), 746–767. https://doi.org/10.1177/1096348014550868
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McNamara, K. E., Clissold, R., Piggot-McKellar, A., Buggy, L., & Azfa, A. (2019). What is shaping vulnerability to climate change? The case of Laamu Atoll, Maldives. Island Studies Journal, 14(1), 81–100. https://doi.org/10.24043/isj.67
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mehmood, U., Mansoor, A., Tariq, S., & Ul-Haq, Z. (2021). The interactional role of globalization in tourism-CO2 nexus in South Asian countries. Environmental Science and Pollution Research International, 28(21), 26441–26448. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-12473-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meza Talavera, A., Al-Ghamdi, S. G., & Koç, M. (2019). Sustainability in mega-events: Beyond Qatar 2022. Sustainability, 11(22), 6407. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11226407
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ministry of Environment. (2021). Sri Lanka: Updated nationally determined contributions. Ministry of Environment Sri Lanka.
   Google Scholar
• Mishra, P. K., Rout, H. B., & Kestwal, A. K. (2019). Tourism-energy-environment-growth Nexus: Evidence from India. Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, 5(37), 1179–1190. https://doi.org/10.14505//jemt.v10.5(37).25
   Google Scholar
• Muhammad, F., Khan, A., Razzaq, N., & Karim, R. (2021). Influence of tourism, governance, and foreign direct investment on energy consumption and CO2 emissions: A panel analysis of Muslim countries. Environmental Science and Pollution Research International, 28(1), 416–431. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10502-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nepal, S. K. (2008). Tourism-induced rural energy consumption in the Annapurna region of Nepal. Tourism Management, 29(1), 89–100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2007.03.024
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nepal, S. K. (2013). Mountain tourism and climate change: Implications for the Nepal Himalaya. Nepal Tourism and Development Review, 1(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3126/ntdr.v1i1.7367
   Google Scholar
• Ng, T. H., Lye, C. T., & Lim, Y. S. (2016). A decomposition analysis of CO2 emissions: Evidence from Malaysia’s tourism industry. International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology, 23(3), 266–277. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504509.2015.1117534
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nitivattananon, V., & Srinonil, S. (2019). Enhancing coastal areas governance for sustainable tourism in the context of urbanization and climate change in eastern Thailand. Advances in Climate Change Research, 10(1), 47–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2019.03.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nyaupane, G. P., & Chhetri, N. (2009). Vulnerability to climate change of nature-based tourism in the Nepalese Himalayas. Tourism Geographies, 11(1), 95–119. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616680802643359
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oad, S., Jinliang, Q., Shah, S. B. H., & Memon, S. U. R. (2022). Tourism: Economic development without increasing CO2 emissions in Pakistan. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 24(3), 4000–4023. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-021-01601-y
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peeters, P., Higham, J., Cohen, S., Eijgelaar, E., & Gössling, S. (2019). Desirable tourism transport futures. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 27(2), 173–188. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2018.1477785
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pestereva, N. M., Vorozhbit, N. A., Danilova, M. A., & Yanina, J. V. (2015). Current trends in climate change at the Krasnaya Polyana ski resort. European Geographical Studies, 5(1), 10–17. https://doi.org/10.13187/egs.2015.5.10
   Google Scholar
• Ran, S. H., Wang, X. L., & Luo, Y. (2021). Predicting climate change and its impact on runoff in snow-ice basin with multi-climate models. Arid Land Geography, 44(03), 807–818. https://doi.org/10.12118/j.issn.1000－6060.2021. 03. 23 (In Chinese)
   Google Scholar
• Rathnayake, W. (2018). Can ‘tourism product development’ compensate the social cost of carbon pollution? A case study in Sri Lanka. Journal of Thai Interdisciplinary Research, 13(2), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.14456/JTIR.2018.12
   Google Scholar
• Rayamajhi, S. (2013). Linkage between tourism and climate change: A study of the perceptions of stakeholders along the Annapurna trekking trail. Nepal Tourism and Development Review, 2(1), 60–86. https://doi.org/10.3126/ntdr.v2i1.7380
   Google Scholar
• Rijal, S. P. (2013). The impact of climate change on the tourism-based local economy of Nepal. The IUP Journal of International Relations, VII(4), 59–67.
   Google Scholar
• Ritchie, H. (2019). October 03). Who emits the most CO2 today?. Our World in Data. https://ourworldindata.org/annual-co2-emissions
   Google Scholar
• Rubel, F., Brugger, K., Haslinger, K., & Auer, I. (2017). The climate of the European Alps: Shift of very high resolution Köppen-Geiger climate zones 1800–2100. Meteorologische Zeitschrift, 26(2), 115–125. https://doi.org/10.1127/metz/2016/0816
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sajjad, F., Noreen, U., & Zaman, K. (2014). Climate change and air pollution jointly creating nightmare for tourism industry. Environmental Science and Pollution Research International, 21(21), 12403–12418. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-014-3146-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salahodjaev, R., Sharipov, K., Rakhmanov, N., & Khabirov, D. (2022). Tourism, renewable energy and CO2 emissions: Evidence from Europe and Central Asia. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-021-01993-x
   Google Scholar
• Salehi, H., Burgueño, R., Chakrabartty, S., Lajnef, N., & Alavi, A. H. (2021). A comprehensive review of self-powered sensors in civil infrastructure: State-of-the-art and future research trends. Engineering Structures, 234, 111963. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spc.2020.09.007
   Google Scholar
• Salpage, N. D., Aanesen, M., & Amarasinghe, O. (2020). Is the Sri Lankan ecotourism industry threatened by climate change? A case study of Rekawa coastal wetland using contingent visitation approach. Environment and Development Economics, 25(3), 226–243. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1355770X19000391
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scott, D., Hall, C. M., & Gössling, S. (2019). Global tourism vulnerability to climate change. Annals of Tourism Research, 77, 49–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2019.05.007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Selvanathan, E. A., Jayasinghe, M., & Selvanathan, S. (2021). Dynamic modelling of inter‐relationship between tourism, energy consumption, CO2 emissions and economic growth in South Asia. International Journal of Tourism Research, 23(4), 597–610. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.2429
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shah, I. H., Dawood, U. F., Jalil, U. A., & Adnan, Y. (2019). Climate co-benefits of alternate strategies for tourist transportation: The case of Murree Hills in Pakistan. Environmental Science and Pollution Research International, 26(13), 13263–13274. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-04506-6
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shakeela, A., & Becken, S. (2015). Understanding tourism leaders’ perceptions of risks from climate change: An assessment of policy-making processes in the Maldives using the social amplification of risk framework (SARF). Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 23(1), 65–84. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2014.918135
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shakouri, B., Khoshnevis Yazdi, S., & Ghorchebigi, E. (2017). Does tourism development promote CO2 emissions? Anatolia, 28(3), 444–452. https://doi.org/10.1080/13032917.2017.1335648
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharif, A., Afshan, S., & Nisha, N. (2017). Impact of tourism on CO2 emission: Evidence from Pakistan. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 22(4), 408–421. https://doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2016.1273960
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharif, A., Afshan, S., Chrea, S., Amel, A., & Khan, S. A. R. (2020). The role of tourism, transportation and globalization in testing environmental Kuznets curve in Malaysia: New insights from quantile ARDL approach. Environmental Science and Pollution Research International, 27(20), 25494–25509. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-08782-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sherafatian-Jahromi, R., Othman, M. S., Law, S. H., & Ismail, N. W. (2017). Tourism and CO2 emissions nexus in Southeast Asia: New evidence from panel estimation. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 19(4), 1407–1423. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-016-9811-x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sobhani, B., & Zengir, V. S. (2020). Evaluation and zoning of environmental climatic parameters for tourism feasibility in northwestern Iran, located on the western border of Turkey. Modeling Earth Systems and Environment, 6(2), 853–864. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40808-020-00712-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun, Y. Y. (2016). Decomposition of tourism greenhouse gas emissions: Revealing the dynamics between tourism economic growth, technological efficiency, and carbon emissions. Tourism Management, 55, 326–336. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2016.02.014
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun, Y. Y., Lenzen, M., & Liu, B. J. (2019). The national tourism carbon emission inventory: Its importance, applications and allocation frameworks. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 27(3), 360–379. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2019.1578364
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun, Y. Y., Lin, P. C., & Higham, J. (2020). Managing tourism emissions through optimizing the tourism demand mix: Concept and analysis. Tourism Management, 81, 104161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2020.104161
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suryan, L., Daoutis, G., & Girrbach, L. (2020). Cut carbon, cut cost-feasibility of applying PAS 2080 [Paper presentation]. International Conference on Civil Infrastructure and Construction. https://doi.org/10.29117/cic.2020.0126
   Google Scholar
• Susanto, J., Zheng, X., Liu, Y., & Wang, C. (2020). The impacts of climate variables and climate-related extreme events on island country’s tourism: Evidence from Indonesia. Journal of Cleaner Production, 276, 124204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124204
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Switchasia. (2020a). A model for sustainable tourism in Central Asia (MOST). Retrieved from https://www.switch-asia.eu/project/a-model-for-sustainable-tourism-in-central-asia/
   Google Scholar
• Switchasia. (2020b). Promoting energy efficiency and renewable energy production in the community-based tourism sector in Central Asia (SET). https://www.switch-asia.eu/project/promoting-energy-efficiency-and-renewable-energy-production-in-the-community-based-tourism-sector-in-central-asia/
   Google Scholar
• Tang, C. F., Tiwari, A. K., & Shahbaz, M. (2016). Dynamic inter-relationships among tourism, economic growth and energy consumption in India. Geosystem Engineering, 19(4), 158–169. https://doi.org/10.1080/12269328.2016.1162113
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tang, Z., Bai, S., Shi, C., Liu, L., & Li, X. (2018). Tourism-related CO2 emission and its decoupling effects in China: A spatiotemporal perspective. Advances in Meteorology, 2018, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/1473184
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tang, Z., Shang, J., Shi, C., Liu, Z., & Bi, K. (2014). Decoupling indicators of CO2 emissions from the tourism industry in China: 1990–2012. Ecological Indicators, 46, 390–397. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2014.06.041
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tapsuwan, S., & Rongrongmuang, W. (2015). Climate change perception of the dive tourism industry in Koh Tao Island, Thailand. Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism, 11, 58–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jort.2015.06.005
   Google Scholar
• Truong, V. D., & Le, A. (2018). Case study Vietnam: Climate change vulnerability assessment of coastal tourism in Cu Lao Cham Island (pp. 221–230). CABI.
   Google Scholar
• Trupp, A., Dolezal, C., & Bui, H. T. (2020). Mapping tourism, sustainability, and development in Southeast Asia. In C. Dolezal, A. Trupp, & H. T. Bui (Eds.), Tourism and development in Southeast Asia (pp. 3–22). Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• UNWTO (2021). International tourism highlights, 2020 edition. UNWTO. https://doi.org/10.18111/9789284422456
   Google Scholar
• Vanat, L. (2020). 2020 international report on snow & mountain tourism: Overview of the key industry figures for ski resorts. https://www.vanat.ch/RM-world-report-2020.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Vij, M., & Vij, A. (2012). Tourism and carbon foot prints in united Arab Emirates-challenges and solutions. Journal of Environmental Management & Tourism (De Gruyter Open, )3(1), , 41–54.
   Google Scholar
• WMO. (2021, October 26). Weather and climate extremes in Asia killed thousands, displaced millions and cost billions in 2020. World Meteorological Organization. https://public.wmo.int/en/media/press-release/weather-and-climate-extremes-asia-killed-thousands-displaced-millions-and-cost
   Google Scholar
• World Bank. (2020). Climate change in Central Asia. Illustrated summary. Retrieved from https://ca-climate.org/eng/info_products/reports_and_publications/illyustrirovannyy-obzor-izmenenie-klimata-v-tsentralnoy-azii-/ on 7 November 2021
   Google Scholar
• World Tourism Organization (2014). Responding to climate change – Tourism initiatives in Asia and the Pacific. UNWTO. https://doi.org/10.18111/9789284416196
   Google Scholar
• Wu, L., Zhang, J., Lu, Q., & Rahman, A. B. M. S. (2017). Tourist adaptation behavior in response to climate disasters in Bangladesh. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 25(2), 217–233. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2016.1195837
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiang, L., Zhang, Y. H., & Chen, Q. H. (2016). Assessment for tourism climate and its risk for urban area of Beijing. Arid Land Geography, 39, 654–661. https://doi.org/10.13826/j.cnki.cn65-1103/x.2016.03.024(In Chinese)
   Google Scholar
• Xiao, J. H., & Wang, M. (2015). Estimating regional differences on carbon dioxide emissions from tourism and emissions abatement effects by market-replacement method: A case study of Putuo Golden Triangle in Zhoushan Islands. China Population Resources and Environment, 25(11), 28–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1002-2104.2015.11.004(In Chinese)
   Google Scholar
• Yazdanpanah, H., Barghi, H., & Esmaili, A. (2016). Effect of climate change impact on tourism: A study on climate comfort of Zayandehroud River route from 2014 to 2039. Tourism Management Perspectives, 17, 82–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2015.12.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu, D. D., Li, S., Zhang, L. F., Luo, Y., & Shi, Z. Y. (2021). Evaluate tourism climate using modified holiday climate index in China. Tourism Tribune, 36(05), 14–28. https://doi.org/10.19765/j.cnki.1002-5006.2021.05.007(In Chinese)
   Google Scholar
• Zha, J., Fan, R., Yao, Y., He, L., & Meng, Y. (2021). Framework for accounting for tourism carbon emissions in China: An industrial linkage perspective. Tourism Economics, 27(7), 1430–1460. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354816620924891
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zha, J. P. (2016). Reducing carbon emissions in China’s tourism industry. Tourism Tribune, 31(9), 101–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1002-5006.2016.09.021(In Chinese)
   Google Scholar
• Zhang, J., & Zhang, Y. (2021). Tourism, economic growth, energy consumption, and CO2 emissions in China. Tourism Economics, 27(5), 1060–1080. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354816620918458
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, S., & Liu, X. (2019). The roles of international tourism and renewable energy in environment: New evidence from Asian countries. Renewable Energy. 139, 385–394. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2019.02.046
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhong, L., & Chen, D. (2019). Progress and prospects of tourism climate research in China. Atmosphere, 10(11), 701. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos10110701
   Google Scholar
• Zhong, Y., Shi, S., Li, S., Luo, F., Luo, W., & Xiao, Q. (2015). Empirical research on construction of a measurement framework for tourism carbon emission in China. Chinese Journal of Population Resources and Environment, 13(3), 240–249. https://doi.org/10.1080/10042857.2015.1033806
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar