Understanding residents’ hospitality toward tourists amid the COVID-19 pandemic: a conservation of resources perspective

References

• Aiken, L. S., & West, S. G. (1991). Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions. Sage Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Anderson, J. C., & Gerbing, D. W. (1988). Structural equation modeling in practice: A review and recommended two-step approach. Psychological Bulletin, 103(3), 411–423. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.103.3.411
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Assaf, A. G., Kock, F., & Tsionas, M. (2022). Tourism during and after COVID-19: An expert-informed agenda for future research. Journal of Travel Research, 61(2), 454–457. https://doi.org/10.1177/00472875211017237
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boley, B. B., Mcgehee, N. G., Perdue, R. R., & Long, P. (2014). Empowerment and resident attitudes toward tourism: Strengthening the theoretical foundation through a Weberian lens. Annals of Tourism Research, 49, 33–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2014.08.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, H., & Eyoun, K. (2021). Do mindfulness and perceived organizational support work? Fear of COVID-19 on restaurant frontline employees’ job insecurity and emotional exhaustion. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 94, 102850. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2020.102850
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choi, C. H., Kim, T., Lee, G., & Lee, S. K. (2014). Testing the stressor–strain–outcome model of customer-related social stressors in predicting emotional exhaustion, customer orientation and service recovery performance. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 36, 272–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2012.09.009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Erul, E., Woosnam, K. M., & McIntosh, W. A. (2020a). Considering emotional solidarity and the theory of planned behavior in explaining behavioral intentions to support tourism development. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 28(8), 1158–1173. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2020.1726935
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Erul, E., Woosnam, K. M., Ribeiro, M. A., & Salazar, J. (2020b). Complementing theories to explain emotional solidarity. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2020.1800718
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fisher, J. J., Almanza, B. A., Behnke, C., Nelson, D. C., & Neal, J. (2018). Norovirus on cruise ships: Motivation for handwashing? International Journal of Hospitality Management, 75, 10–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2018.02.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39–50. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378101800104
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gössling, S., & Schweiggart, N. (2022). Two years of COVID-19 and tourism: What we learned, and what we should have learned. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 30(4), 915–931. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2022.2029872
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hadinejad, A., Moyle, B. D., Scott, N., Kralj, A., & Nunkoo, R. (2019). Residents’ attitudes to tourism: A review. Tourism Review, 74(2), 150–165. https://doi.org/10.1108/TR-01-2018-0003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Halbesleben, J. R. B., Neveu, J. P., Paustian-Underdahl, S. C., & Westman, M. (2014). Getting to the “COR”: Understanding the role of resources in conservation of resources theory. Journal of Management, 40(5), 1334–1364. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206314527130
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2014). Multivariate data analysis (7th ed., Pearson New International Edition). Pearson Education Limited.
   Google Scholar
• Hobfoll, S. E. (1989). Conservation of resources: A new attempt at conceptualizing stress. American Psychologist, 44(3), 513–524. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.44.3.513
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hobfoll, S. E. (2001). The influence of culture, community, and the nested-self in the stress process: Advancing conservation of resources theory. Applied Psychology, 50(3), 337–421. https://doi.org/10.1111/1464-0597.00062
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu, X., & Subramony, M. (2022). Understanding the impact of COVID‐19 pandemic on teleworkers’ experiences of perceived threat and professional isolation: The moderating role of friendship. Stress and Health, https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.3146
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Itani, O. S., & Hollebeek, L. D. (2021). Light at the end of the tunnel: Visitors’ virtual reality (versus in-person) attraction site tour-related behavioral intentions during and post-COVID-19. Tourism Management, 84, 104290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2021.104290
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joo, D., Xu, W., Lee, J., Lee, C. K., & Woosnam, K. M. (2021). Residents’ perceived risk, emotional solidarity, and support for tourism amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 19, 100553. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2021.100553
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jose, P. E. (2013). Doing statistical mediation and moderation. Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kamata, H. (2022). Tourist destination residents’ attitudes towards tourism during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Current Issues in Tourism, 25(1), 134–149. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2021.1881452
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kock, F., Josiassen, A., Assaf, A. G., Karpen, I., & Farrelly, F. (2019). Tourism ethnocentrism and its effects on tourist and resident behavior. Journal of Travel Research, 58(3), 427–439. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287518755504
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, S., Wei, M., & Qu, H. (2021). Antecedents and consequences of hotel customers’ psychological ownership. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 93, 102773. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2020.102773
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, S., Wei, M., Qu, H., & Qiu, S. (2020). How does self-image congruity affect tourists’ environmentally responsible behavior? Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 28(12), 2156–2174. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2020.1800717
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin, C. H., Wang, W. C., & Ou, S. J. (2022). Impact of comparative climate change perceptions on antecedents of tourists’ adaptation intentions for a coastal destination in Taiwan. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 30(1), 69–88. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2020.1869978
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Majeed, M., Irshad, M., & Bartels, J. (2021). The interactive effect of COVID-19 risk and hospital measures on turnover intentions of healthcare workers: A time-lagged study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(20), 10705. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182010705
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nunkoo, R., & Gursoy, D. (2012). Residents’ support for tourism: An identity perspective. Annals of Tourism Research, 39(1), 243–268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2011.05.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nunnally, J. C. (1978). Psychometric theory (2nd ed.). McGraw-Hill.
   Google Scholar
• Paşamehmetoğlu, A., Guzzo, R. F., & Guchait, P. (2022). Workplace ostracism: Impact on social capital, organizational trust, and service recovery performance. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 50, 119–126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2022.01.007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Lee, J. Y., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(5), 879–903. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.88.5.879
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qiao, G., Ruan, W. J., & Pabel, A. (2022). Understanding tourists’ protection motivations when faced with overseas travel after COVID-19: The case of South Koreans travelling to China. Current Issues in Tourism, 25(10), 1588–1606. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2021.1928011
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rey-Carmona, F. J., Núñez-Tabales, J. M., Durán-Román, J. L., & Pulido-Fernández, J. I. (2022). Open the doors to tourism or remain cautious: Residents’ dilemma amidst a pandemic. Current Issues in Tourism, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2022.2047162
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ribeiro, M. A., Pinto, P., Silva, J. A., & Woosnam, K. M. (2017). Residents’ attitudes and the adoption of pro-tourism behaviours: The case of developing island countries. Tourism Management, 61, 523–537. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2017.03.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rogers, R. W. (1975). A protection motivation theory of fear appeals and attitude change. Journal of Psychology, 91(1), 93–114. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223980.1975.9915803
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruan, W., Kang, S., & Song, H. (2020). Applying protection motivation theory to understand international tourists’ behavioural intentions under the threat of air pollution: A case of Beijing, China. Current Issues in Tourism, 23(16), 2027–2041. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2020.1743242
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stevens, J. (1996). Applied multivariate statistics for the social sciences (3rd ed.). Lawrence Erlbaum.
   Google Scholar
• Stylidis, D. (2020). Residents’ destination image: A perspective article. Tourism Review, 75(1), 228–231. https://doi.org/10.1108/TR-05-2019-0191
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Su, L., & Swanson, S. R. (2020). The effect of personal benefits from, and support of, tourism development: The role of relational quality and quality-of-life. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 28(3), 433–454. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2019.1680681
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tu, Y., Li, D., & Wang, H. J. (2021). COVID-19-induced layoff, survivors’ COVID-19-related stress and performance in hospitality industry: The moderating role of social support. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 95, 102912. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2021.102912
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vo-Thanh, T., Vu, T. V., Nguyen, N. P., Nguyen, D. V., Zaman, M., & Chi, H. (2022). COVID-19, frontline hotel employees’ perceived job insecurity and emotional exhaustion: Does trade union support matter? Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 30(6), 1159–1176. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2021.1910829
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, S., Berbekova, A., & Uysal, M. (2022). Pursuing justice and quality of life: Supporting tourism. Tourism Management, 89, 104446. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2021.104446
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Witte, K., Cameron, K. A., McKeon, J. K., & Berkowitz, J. M. (1996). Predicting risk behaviors: Development and validation of a diagnostic scale. Journal of Health Communication, 1(4), 317–41341. https://doi.org/10.1080/108107396127988
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Woosnam, K. M., Erul, E., & Ribeiro, M. A. (2017). Heterogeneous community perspectives of emotional solidarity with tourists: Considering Antalya. International Journal of Tourism Research, 19(6), 639–647. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.2136
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woosnam, K. M., Russell, Z., Ribeiro, M. A., Denley, T. J., Rojas, C., Hadjidakis, E., Barr, J., & Mower, J. (2022). Residents’ pro-tourism behaviour in a time of COVID-19. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 30(8), 1858–1877. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2021.1985128
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao, Y., Cui, X., & Guo, Y. (2022). Residents’ engagement behavior in destination branding. Sustainability, 14(10), 5852. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14105852
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zheng, D., Luo, Q., & Ritchie, B. W. (2021). Afraid to travel after COVID-19? Self-protection, coping and resilience against pandemic ‘travel fear’. Tourism Management, 83, 104261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2020.104261
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zheng, D., Luo, Q., & Ritchie, B. W. (2022). The role of trust in mitigating perceived threat, fear, and travel avoidance after a pandemic outbreak: A multigroup analysis. Journal of Travel Research, 61(3), 581–596. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287521995562
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar