Perceptions of climate change risk and sustainable adaptations in the Swedish ski industry

References

• Aall, C., & Høyer, K. G. (2005). Tourism and climate change adaptation: the Norwegian case. Tourism, Recreation and Climate Change, 209–221.
   Google Scholar
• Abegg, B., Bürki, R., Elsasser, H., Borsdorf, A., Stötter, J., & Veulliet, E. (2008). Climate change and tourism in the Alps. IGF-Forschungsberichte, (2), 73–80.
   Google Scholar
• Atmosfair. (2022). Calculate flight emissions. Atmosfair. Retrieved May 10, 2022, from https://www.atmosfair.de/en/offset/flight/.
   Google Scholar
• Behringer, J., Büerki, R., & Fuhrer, J. (2000). Participatory integrated assessment of adaptation to climate change in Alpine tourism and mountain agriculture. Integrated Assessment, 1(4), 331–338. ext-linkhttps://doi.org/10.1023/A:1018940901744
   Google Scholar
• Bicknell, S., & McManus, P. (2006). The canary in the coalmine: Australian ski resorts and their response to climate change. Geographical Research, 44(4), 386–400. ext-linkhttps://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-5871.2006.00409.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. ext-linkhttps://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
   Google Scholar
• Brouder, P., & Lundmark, L. (2013). A (ski) trip into the future. In D. Müller, L. Lundmark, & R. Lemelin (Eds.), New issues in polar tourism. Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Cox, L. (2021). Nordic countries endure heatwave as Lapland records hottest day since 1914. The Guardian. Retrieved May 10, 2022, from https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/jul/06/heatwave-hits-nordic-countries-lapland-temperature-
   Google Scholar
• Dannevig, H., Gildestad, I. M., Steiger, R., & Scott, D. (2021). Adaptive capacity of ski resorts in Western Norway to projected changes in snow conditions. Current Issues in Tourism, 24(22), 3206–3221. ext-linkhttps://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2020.1865286
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Jong, C., Carletti, G., & Previtali, F. (2014). Assessing impacts of climate change, ski slope, snow and hydraulic engineering on slope stability in ski resorts (French and Italian Alps). In G. Lollino, A. Manconi, J. Clague, W. Shan, & M. Chiarle (Eds.), Engineering geology for society and territory. Climate change and engineering geology (vol. 10, pp. 51–55). Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Demiroglu, O. C., & Sahin, U. (2015). Ski community activism on the mitigation of climate change. Istanbul Policy Center.
   Google Scholar
• Demiroglu, O. C., Dannevig, H., & Aall, C. (2018). Climate change acknowledgement and responses of summer (glacier) ski visitors in Norway. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 18(4), 419–438. ext-linkhttps://doi.org/10.1080/15022250.2018.1522721
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Demiroglu, O. C., Lundmark, L., & Strömgren, M. (2019). Development of downhill skiing tourism in Sweden: Past, present, and future. In U. Pröbstl, H. Richins, & S. Türk (Eds.), Winter tourism: Trends and challenges (pp. 305–323.). Umeå University.
   Google Scholar
• Demiroglu, O. C., Lundmark, L., Saarinen, J., & Müller, D. K. (2020). The last resort?: Ski tourism and climate change in Arctic Sweden. Journal of Tourism Futures, 6(1), 91–101. ext-linkhttps://doi.org/10.1108/JTF-05-2019-0046
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Di Baldassarre, G., Mondino, E., Rusca, M., Del Giudice, E., Mård, J., Ridolfi, E., Scolobig, A., & Raffetti, E. (2021). Multiple hazards and risk perceptions over time: the availability heuristic in Italy and Sweden under COVID-19. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 21(11), 3439–3447. ext-linkhttps://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-3439-2021
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• European Investment Bank. (2021). The EIB climate survey 2020-2021, European Investment Bank. Retrieved May 10, 2022, from https://www.eib.org/attachments/thematic/the_eib_climate_survey_2020_2021_en.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Grillakis, M. G., Koutroulis, A. G., Seiradakis, K. D., & Tsanis, I. K. (2016). Implications of 2 C global warming in European summer tourism. Climate Services, 1, 30–38. ext-linkhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.cliser.2016.01.002
   Google Scholar
• Guest, G., Bunce, A., & Johnson, L. (2006). How many interviews are enough? An experiment with data saturation and variability. Field Methods, 18(1), 59–82. ext-linkhttps://doi.org/10.1177/1525822X05279903
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamilton, L. C., Brown, C., & Keim, B. D. (2007). Ski areas, weather and climate: Time series models for New England case studies. International Journal of Climatology, 27(15), 2113–2124. ext-linkhttps://doi.org/10.1002/joc.1502
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hopkins, D., & Maclean, K. (2014). Climate change perceptions and responses in Scotland’s ski industry. Tourism Geographies, 16(3), 400–414. ext-linkhttps://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2013.823457
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoy, A., Hänsel, S., & Matschullat, J. (2011). How can winter tourism adapt to climate change in Saxony’s mountains? Regional Environmental Change, 11(3), 459–469. ext-linkhttps://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-010-0155-z
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• König, U. (1998). Climate change and the Australian ski industry. In Snow: A natural history. An uncertain future (pp. 207–223), CRES.
   Google Scholar
• Lavrakas, P. J. (2008). Encyclopedia of survey research methods. Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Lenzen, M., Sun, Y. Y., Faturay, F., Ting, Y. P., Geschke, A., & Malik, A. (2018). The carbon footprint of global tourism. Nature Climate Change, 8(6), 522–528. ext-linkhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-018-0141-x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meredith, M., Sommerkorn, M., Cassotta, S., Derksen, C., Ekaykin, A., Hollowed, A., Kofinas, G., Mackintosh, A., Melbourne-Thomas, J., Muelbert, M. M. C., Ottersen, G., Pritchard, H., Schuur, E. A. G., et al. (2019). Polar regions. In H.-O. Pörtner, D. C. Roberts, V. Masson-Delmotte, P. Zhai, M. Tignor, E. Poloczanska, K. Mintenbeck (Eds.), IPCC special report on the ocean and cryosphere in a changing climate. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
   Google Scholar
• Moen, J., & Fredman, P. (2007). Effects of climate change on alpine skiing in Sweden. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 15(4), 418–437. ext-linkhttps://doi.org/10.2167/jost624.0
   Google Scholar
• Montagne Verte. (2022). Alpineexpress pass. Montagne Verte. Retrieved May 1, 2022, from https://www.montagnevertemorzine.com/en/projects/alpinexpress/
   Google Scholar
• Morrison, C., & Pickering, C. M. (2013). Perceptions of climate change impacts, adaptation and limits to adaption in the Australian Alps: the ski-tourism industry and key stakeholders. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 21(2), 173–191. ext-linkhttps://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2012.681789
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moser, D. J., & Baulcomb, C. (2020). Social perspectives on climate change adaptation, sustainable development, and artificial snow production: A Swiss case study using Q methodology. Environmental Science & Policy, 104, 98–106. ext-linkhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2019.10.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• My Climate. (2022). CO2 emissions calculator for your car. My Climate. Retrieved September 1, 2022, from https://co2.myclimate.org/en/car_calculators/new.
   Google Scholar
• Oppermann, M. (2000). Triangulation—A methodological discussion. International Journal of Tourism Research, 2(2), 141–145. ext-linkhttps://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1522-1970(200003/04)2:2<141::AID-JTR217>3.0.CO;2-U
   Google Scholar
• Pickering, C. M., & Buckley, R. C. (2010). Climate response by the ski industry: The shortcomings of snowmaking for Australian resorts. Ambio, 39(5-6), 430–438. ext-linkhttps://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-010-0039-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pickering, C. M., Castley, J. G., & Burtt, M. (2009). Skiing less often in a warmer world: Attitudes of tourists to climate change in an Australian ski resort. Geographical Research, 48(2), 137–147. ext-linkhttps://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-5871.2009.00614.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prettenthaler, F., Kortschak, D., & Woess-Gallasch, S. (2022). Modelling tourists’ responses to climate change and its effects on alpine ski tourism–A comparative approach for European Regions. Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism, 39, 100525. ext-linkhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jort.2022.100525
   Google Scholar
• Regeringen. (2018). Regeringens proposition 2017/18:163 Nationell strategi för klimatanpassning. Retrieved May 2, 2022, fromwww.regeringen.se/494483/contentassets/8c1f4fe980ec4fcb8448251acde6bd08/171816300_webb.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Regeringen. (2020). The Swedish climate policy framework. Retrieved May 2, 2022, from https://www.government.se/495f60/contentassets/883ae8e123bc4e42aa8d59296ebe0478/the-swedish-climate-policy-framework.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Rice, H., Cohen, S., Scott, D., & Steiger, R. (2021). Climate change risk in the Swedish ski industry. Current Issues in Tourism, 25(17), 1–16.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rutty, M., Scott, D., Johnson, P., Jover, E., Pons, M., & Steiger, R. (2015). The geography of skier adaptation to adverse conditions in the Ontario ski market. The Canadian Geographer / Le Géographe Canadien, 59(4), 391–403. ext-linkhttps://doi.org/10.1111/cag.12220
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rutty, M., Scott, D., Johnson, P., Pons, M., Steiger, R., & Vilella, M. (2017). Using ski industry response to climatic variability to assess climate change risk: An analogue study in Eastern Canada. Tourism Management, 58, 196–204. ext-linkhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2016.10.020
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saarinen, J., & Tervo, K. (2010). Sustainability and emerging awareness of a changing climate: The tourism industry’s knowledge and perceptions of the future of nature-based winter tourism in Finland. In C. M. Hall & J. Saarinen (Eds.), Tourism and change in polar regions: Climate environments and experiences (pp.147–164). Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Scott, D., & Gössling, S. (2021). From Djerba to Glasgow: have declarations on tourism and climate change brought us any closer to meaningful climate action? Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 30(1), 1–24.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scott, D., & McBoyle, G. (2007). Climate change adaptation in the ski industry. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, 12(8), 1411–1431. ext-linkhttps://doi.org/10.1007/s11027-006-9071-4
   Google Scholar
• Scott, D., Gössling, S., & Hall, C. M. (2012). International tourism and climate change. WIREs Climate Change, 3(3), 213–232. ext-linkhttps://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.165
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scott, D., McBoyle, G., & Minogue, A. (2007). Climate change and Quebec’s ski industry. Global Environmental Change, 17(2), 181–190. ext-linkhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2006.05.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scott, D., Steiger, R., & Knowles, N. (2022). Is snowmaking climate change maladaptation?: A multi-criteria analysis. Journal of Sustainable Tourism (under Review), 1–22. ext-linkhttps://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2022.2137729
   Google Scholar
• Scott, D., Steiger, R., Rutty, M., & Fang, Y. (2019). The changing geography of the Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games in a warmer world. Current Issues in Tourism, 22(11), 1301–1311. ext-linkhttps://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2018.1436161
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scott, D., Steiger, R., Rutty, M., & Johnson, P. (2015). The future of the Olympic winter games in an era of climate change. Current Issues in Tourism, 18(10), 1–18.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simon, C. (2006). ‘Dine neue Politik für die Tourismusorte der Isére/F,. CIPRA.
   Google Scholar
• SJ. (2019). Annual and sustainability report 2019. SJ. Retrieved May 2, 2021, from https://www.sj.se/content/dam/externt/dokument/finansiell-info/2019%20SJ%20Annual%20and%20Sustainability%20Report.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Steiger, R., & Abegg, B. (2013). The sensitivity of Austrian ski areas to climate change. Tourism Planning & Development, 10(4), 480–493. ext-linkhttps://doi.org/10.1080/21568316.2013.804431
   Google Scholar
• Steiger, R., & Abegg, B. (2018). Ski areas’ competitiveness in the light of climate change: Comparative analysis in the Eastern Alps. In D. Müller & M. Więckowski (Eds.), Tourism in transition, recovering from decline and managing change (pp. 187–199). Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Steiger, R., Scott, D., Abegg, B., Pons, M., & Aall, C. (2019). A critical review of climate change risk for ski tourism. Current Issues in Tourism, 22(11), 1343–1379. ext-linkhttps://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2017.1410110
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swedavia. (2020). Annual and sustainability report 2019. Swedavia. Retrieved May 2, 2021, from https://www.swedavia.com/globalassets/om-swedavia/roll-och-uppdrag/swedavia_annual_and_sustainability_report_2019.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Swedish Environmental Protection Agency. (2017). Sweden’s seventh national communication on climate change. Naturvårdsverket.
   Google Scholar
• Taylor, A., de Bruin, W. B., & Dessai, S. (2014). Climate change beliefs and perceptions of weather‐related changes in the United Kingdom. Risk Analysis: An Official Publication of the Society for Risk Analysis, 34(11), 1995–2004. ext-linkhttps://doi.org/10.1111/risa.12234
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trawöger, L. (2014). Convinced, ambivalent or annoyed: Tyrolean ski tourism stakeholders and their perceptions of climate change. Tourism Management, 40, 338–351. ext-linkhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2013.07.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Unger, R., Abegg, B., Mailer, M., & Stampfl, P. (2016). Energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions resulting from tourism travel in an Alpine setting. Mountain Research and Development, 36(4), 475–483. ext-linkhttps://doi.org/10.1659/MRD-JOURNAL-D-16-00058.1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vail Resorts. (2022). Vail resorts about us. Retrieved May 2, 2021, from https://news.vail.vailresorts.com/corporate/vailresorts/about-us/
   Google Scholar
• Vail, D., & Heldt, T. (2000). Institutional factors influencing the size and structure of tourism: comparing Dalarna (Sweden) and Maine (USA). Current Issues in Tourism, 3(4), 283–324. ext-linkhttps://doi.org/10.1080/13683500008667876
   Google Scholar
• Vanat, L. (2021). 2021 International report on snow and mountain tourism. Retrieved May 3, 2022, from http://vanat.ch/RM-world-report-2021.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Watts, J. (2018). Arctic warming: scientists alarmed by 'crazy’ temperature rises. The Guardian. Retrieved May 1, 2022, from https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2018/feb/27/arctic-warming-scientists-alarmed-by-crazy-temperature-rises
   Google Scholar
• Wolfsegger, C., Gössling, S., & Scott, D. (2008). Climate change risk appraisal in the Austrian ski industry. Tourism Review International, 12(1), 13–23. ext-linkhttps://doi.org/10.3727/154427208785899948
   Google Scholar
• Wyss, R., Abegg, B., & Luthe, T. (2014). Perceptions of climate change in a tourism governance context. Tourism Management Perspectives, 11, 69–76. ext-linkhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2014.04.004
   Google Scholar