The impact of medium of instruction on Hong Kong non-Chinese speaking kindergarten children's learning Chinese

References

• Bergroth, M., and A. Palviainen. 2017. “Bilingual Children as Policy Agents: Language Policy and Education Policy in Minority Language Medium Early Childhood Education and Care.” Multilingua: Journal of Cross-Cultural and Interlanguage Communication 36 (4): 375–399.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Census and Statistics Department, HKSAR. 2017. 2016 Population By-Census – Thematic Report: Ethnic Minorities. Hong Kong Census and Statistics Department. https://www.statistics.gov.hk/pub/B11201002016XXXXB0100.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Centre for Advancement of Chinese Language Education and Research. n.d. Chinese Language Learning Progression Framework for Non-Chinese Speaking Children in Kindergartens in Hong Kong. http://kglpf.cacler.hku.hk/en/lpfintroduction/.
   Google Scholar
• Chen, J., C. Wang, and J. Cai. 2010. Teaching and Learning Chinese: Issues and Perspectives (Chinese American Educational Research and Development Association Book Series). Charlotte, NC: Information Age Pub.
   Google Scholar
• Curriculum Development Council. 1996. Guide to the Pre-primary Curriculum. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Government Printer.
   Google Scholar
• Curriculum Development Council. 2001. The way Forward in Curriculum Development – Learning to Learn: Life-Long Learning and Whole-Person Development. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Government Printer.
   Google Scholar
• Curriculum Development Council. 2006. Guide to the Pre-primary Curriculum. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Government Printer.
   Google Scholar
• Curriculum Development Council. 2017. Kindergarten Education Curriculum Guide: Joyful Learning Through Play, Balanced Development all the way. Hong Kong Curriculum Development Council. https://www.edb.gov.hk/attachment/en/curriculum-development/major-level-of-edu/preprimary/ENG_KGECG_2017.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Education Department. 1997a. Arrangements for Firm Guidance on Secondary Schools’ Medium of Instruction. Consultation Paper. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Government Printer.
   Google Scholar
• Education Department. 1997b. Medium of Instruction Guidance for Secondary Schools. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Government Printer.
   Google Scholar
• Equal Opportunities Commission. 2011. Education for All – Report of the Working Group on Education for Ethnic Minorities. Accessed February 10, 2020. http://www.eoc.org.hk/EOC/Upload/UserFiles/File/EducationReportE.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Equal Opportunities Commission. 2019. Closing the Gap: Report of the Working Group on Education for Ethnic Minorities. Hong Kong Equal Opportunities Commission. https://www.eoc.org.hk/s/ClosingtheGap/Closing_the_Gap_Report.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Evans, S. 2011. “Historical and Comparative Perspectives on the Medium of Instruction in Hong Kong.” Language Policy 10 (1): 19–36.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gao, F., C. Lai, and C. Halse. 2019. “Belonging Beyond the Deficit Label: The Experiences of ‘non-Chinese Speaking’ Minority Students in Hong Kong.” Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 40 (3): 186–197.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gort, M., and R. W. Pontier. 2013. “Exploring Bilingual Pedagogies in Dual Language Preschool Classrooms.” Language and Education 27 (3): 223–245.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Government of the HKSAR. 1997. The 1997 Policy Address: Building Hong Kong for a New Era. Government of the HKSAR. https://www.policyaddress.gov.hk/pa97/english/patext.htm
   Google Scholar
• Government of the HKSAR. 2016, July 13. LCQ16: Provision of Grants for Kindergartens Admitting non-Chinese Speaking Students [Press Release]. https://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/201607/13/P2016071301598.htm.
   Google Scholar
• Howard, E. R., J. Sugarman, and D. Christian. 2003. Trends in two-way Immersion Education: A Review of the Research. Baltimore, MD: Center for Research on the Education of Students Placed at Risk.
   Google Scholar
• Hu, B. 2010. “The Challenges of Chinese: A Preliminary Study of UK Learners’ Perceptions of Difficulty.” Language Learning Journal 38 (1): 99–118.
   Google Scholar
• Krashen, S. D. 1982. Principles and Practice in Second Language Acquisition. Oxford: Pergamon.
   Google Scholar
• Krashen, S. D. 1985. The Input Hypothesis: Issues and Implications. New York: Longman.
   Google Scholar
• Lam, W. Y., S. Y. Hui, and W. M. Cheung. 2018. 香港學前非華語學生中文學習進程架構 [Learning Progression Framework for Non-Chinese Speaking Students in Hong Kong]. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Quality Education Fund.
   Google Scholar
• Lave, J., and E. Wenger. 1991. Situated Learning: Legitimate Peripheral Participation. New York: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Legislative Council, HKSAR. 2011. Education Support for Non-Chinese Speaking Students (LC Paper No. CB(2)486/11-12(07)). Accessed February 10, 2020. https://www.legco.gov.hk/yr11-12/english/panels/ed/papers/ed1212cb2-486-7-e.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Leung, C., S. Lim, and Y. L. Li. 2013. “Implementation of the Hong Kong Language Policy in pre-School Settings.” Early Child Development and Care 183 (10): 1381–1396.
   Google Scholar
• Li, D. 2015. “Discussion: L1 as Semiotic Resource in Content cum L2 Learning at Secondary Level – Empirical Evidence from Hong Kong.” International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism 18 (3): 336–344.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lo, Y. Y., and A. M. Y. Lin. 2019. “Content and Language Integrated Learning in Hong Kong.” In Second Handbook of English Language Teaching, edited by X. Gao, 963–982. Cham, Switzerland: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Paradis, J. 2007. “Early Bilingual and Multilingual Acquisition.” In Handbook of Multilingualism and Multilingual Communication, edited by P. Auer and L. Wei, 15–44. New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
   Google Scholar
• Paradis, J., and E. Nicoladis. 2007. “The Influence of Dominance and Sociolinguistic Context on Bilingual Preschooler’s Language Choice.” International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism 10 (3): 277–297.
   Google Scholar
• Shum, M., F. Gao, and W. W. Ki. 2016. “School Desegregation in Hong Kong: Non-Chinese Linguistic Minority Students’ Challenges to Learning Chinese in Mainstream Schools.” Asia Pacific Journal of Education 36 (4): 533–544.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tse, S. K. 2012. Differentiate Curriculum of Teaching and Learning of Chinese Language as Second Language: Differentiate Teaching Material and Pedagogy. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Tse, S. K., W. W. Ki, and M. S. K. Shum. 2011. Learning and Teaching Chinese to non-Chinese Speaking Students: Curriculum, Textbook, Pedagogy and Assessment. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Tsung, L., and F. Gao. 2012. “What Accounts for the Underachievement of South Asians in Hong Kong? The Voices of Pakistani and Nepalese Parents.” Educational Research 54 (1): 51–63.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar