Photosynthesis, pigments and ultrastructure of the alpine snow alga Chlamydomonas nivalis

References

• Bidigare , RR , Ondrusek , ME , Kennicutt , MC , Iturriaga , R , Harvey , HR , Hoham , RW and Macko , SA . 1993 . Evidence for a photoprotective function for secondary carotenoids of snow algae . J. Phycol. , 29 : 427 – 34 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boussiba , S . 2000 . Carotenogenesis in the green alga Haematococcus pluvialis: cellular physiology and stress response (Minireview) . Physiol. Plantarum , 108 : 111 – 117 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Czygan , FC . 1968 . Sekundär-Carotinoide in Grünalgen. I. Chemie, Vorkommen und Faktoren, welche die Bildung dieser Polyene beeinflussen . Arch. Mikrobiol. , 61 : 69 – 76 .
   Google Scholar
• Czygan , FC . 1970 . Blutregen und Blutschnee: Stickstoffmangelzellen von Haematococcus pluvialis und Chlamydomonas nivalis . Arch. Microbiol. , 74 : 69 – 76 .
   Google Scholar
• Delieu , T and Walker , DA . 1972 . An improved cathode for the measurement of photosynthetic oxygen evolution by isolated chloroplasts . New Phytol. , 71 : 201 – 225 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Devos , N , Ingouff , M , Loppes , R and Matange , R . 1998 . Rubisco adaptation to low temperatures: a comparative study in psychrophilic and mesophilic unicellular algae . J. Phycol. , 34 : 655 – 660 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duval , B , Duval , W and Hoham , RW . 1999 . Snow algae of the Sierra Nevada, Spain and High Atlas Mountains of Morocco . Int. Microbiol. , 2 : 39 – 42 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Duval , B , Shetty , K and Thomas , WH . 2000 . Phenolic compounds and antioxidant properties in the snow alga Chlamydomonas nivalis after exposure to UV light . J. Appl. Phycol. , 11 : 559 – 566 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ettl H Gerloff J Heynig H Mollenhauer D 1983 Süßwasserflora von Mitteleuropa, Chlorophyta I: Phytomonadina, Spektrum-Fischer Stuttgart
   Google Scholar
• Gorton , HL and Vogelmann , TC . 2003 . Ultraviolet radiation and the snow alga Chlamydomonas nivalis (Bauer) Wille . Photochem. Photobiol. , 77 : 608 – 615 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gorton , HL , Williams , WE and Vogelmann , TC . 2001 . The light environment and cellular optics of the Snow algae Chlamydomonas nivalis (Bauer) Wille . Photochem. Photobiol. , 73 : 611– 620
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guerin , M , Huntley , ME and Olaizola , M . 2003 . Haematococcus astaxanthin: applications for human health and nutrition . Trends Biotechnol. , 21 : 210 – 216 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoham , RW . 1975 . Optimum temperatures and temperature ranges for growth of snow algae . Arct. Antarct. Alp. Res. , 7 : 13 – 24 .
   Google Scholar
• Hoham RW Duval B 2001 Microbial ecology of snow and freshwater ice with emphasis on snow algae Snow Ecology: An Interdisciplinary Examination of Snow-covered Ecosystems (Jones, H.G., Pomeroy, J.W., Walker, D.A. & Hoham, R.W. editors) 168 228 Cambridge University Press Cambridge
   Google Scholar
• Hoham , RW , Bonome , TA , Martin , CW and Leebens-Mack , JH . 2002 . A combined 18S rbcL phylogenetic analysis of Chloromonas and Chlamydomonas (Chlorophyceae, Volvocales) emphasizing snow and other cold-temperature habitats . J. Phycol. , 38 : 1051 – 1064 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kawecka , B . 1978 . Biology and ecology of snow algae. 1. The sexual reproduction of Chlamydomonas nivalis (Bauer) Wille (Chlorophyta, Volvocales) . Acta Hydrochem. Hydrobiol. , 20 : 111 – 116 .
   Google Scholar
• Kobayashi , M and Okada , T . 2000 . Protective role of astaxanthin against U.V.-B irradiation in the green alga Haematococcus pluvialis . Biotechnol. Lett. , 22 : 177 – 181 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kol E 1968 Kryobiologie. Biologie und Limnologie des Schnees und Eises. I. Kryovegetation, Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung Stuttgart
   Google Scholar
• Kómarek , O and Kómarek , J . 2001 . Contribution to the taxonomy and ecology of green cryosestic algae in the summer season 1995–96 at King George Island, S. Shetland Islands . Nova Hedwigia Beiheft , 123 : 121 – 140 .
   Google Scholar
• Komárek , J , Hindák , F and Javornický , P . 1973 . Ecology of the green kryophilic algae from Belankské Tatry Mountains (Czechoslovakia) . Algol. Studies , 9 : 427 – 449 .
   Google Scholar
• Leverenz , JW , Falk , S , Pilström , CM and Samuelsson , G . 1990 . The effects of photoinhibition on the photosynthesis light-response curve of green plant cells (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii) . Planta , 182 : 161 – 168 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leya T 2004 Feldstudien und genetische Untersuchungen zur Kryophilie der Schneealgen Nordwestspitzbergens, Shaker Aachen
   Google Scholar
• Ling , H and Seppelt , RD . 1993 . Snow algae of the Windmill Islands, continental Antarctica-3-Chloromonas polyptera (Volvocales, Chlorophyta) . Polar Biol. , 20 : 320 – 324 .
   Google Scholar
• Loppes , R , Devos , N , Willem , S , Barthélemy , P and Matagne , RF . 1996 . Effect of temperature on two enzymes from a psychrophilic Chloromonas (Chlorophyta) . J. Phycol. , 32 : 276 – 278 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lütz , C . 1996 . Avoidance of photoinhibition and examples of photodestruction in high alpine Eriophorum . J. Plant Physiol. , 148 : 120 – 128 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lütz , C , Seidlitz , HK and Meindl , U . 1997 . Physiological and structural changes in the chloroplast of the green alga Micrasterias denticulata induced by UV-B simulation . Plant Ecol. , 128 : 54 – 64 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meindl , U and Lütz , C . 1996 . Effects of UV irradiation on cell development and ultrastructure of the green alga Micrasterias . J. Photochem. Photobiol. , 36 : 285 – 292 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mosser , JL , Mosser , AG and Broeck , TD . 1977 . Photosynthesis in the snow: the alga Chlamydomonas nivalis (Chlorophyceae) . J. Phycol. , 13 : 22 – 27 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Müller , T , Bleiss , W , Martin , CD , Rogaschewski , S and Fuhr , G . 1998 . Snow algae from northwest Svalbard: their identification, distribution, pigment and nutrient content . Polar Biol. , 20 : 14 – 32 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Müller , T , Leya , T and Fuhr , G . 2001 . Persistent snow algal fields in Spitsbergen: field observations and a hypothesis about the annual cell circulation . Arct. Antarct. Alp. Res. , 33 : 42 – 51 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Novis , PM . 2002 . New records of snow algae for New Zealand, from Mt. Philistine, Arthur's Pass National Park . New Zeal. J. Bot. , 40 : 297 – 312 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Painter , TH , Duval , B , Thomas , WH , Mendez , M , Heintzelman , S and Dozier , J . 2001 . Detection and quantification of snow algae with an airborne imaging spectrometer . Appl. Environ. Microb. , 67 : 5267 – 5272 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Porra , RJ , Thompson , WA and Kreidemann , PE . 1989 . Determination of accurate extinction coefficients and simultaneous equations for assaying chlorophyll a and b extracted with four different solvents: verification of the concentration of chlorophyll standards by absorption spectroscopy . Biochem. Biophys. Acta , 975 : 384 – 394 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rae R Howard-Williams C Hawes I Vincent WF 2000 Temperature dependence of photosynthetic recovery from solar damage in Antarctic phytoplankton Antarctic Ecosystems: Models for Wider Ecological Understanding; Proceedings of the VII SCAR Biology Symposium (Davidson, W. Howard-Williams, C. & Broady, P. editors) 182 189 Caxton Press Christchurch New Zealand
   Google Scholar
• Schnitzler , JP , Jungblut , TP , Heller , W , Köfferlein , M , Hutzler , P , Heinzmann , U , Schmelzer , E , Ernst , D , Langebartels , C and Sandermann , H . 1996 . Tissue localization of U.V.-screening pigments and chalcone synthase mRNA in needles of Scots pine seedlings . New Phytol. , 32 : 247 – 258 .
   Google Scholar
• Siefermann-Harms , D . 1988 . High-performance liquid chromatography of chloroplast pigments . J. Chromatogr. , 448 : 411 – 416 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takeuchi , N . 2002 . Optical characteristics of cryoconite (surface dust) on glaciers: the relationship between light absorbency and the property of organic matter contained in the cryoconite . Ann. Glaciol. , 34 : 409 – 414 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomas , WH . 1972 . Observations on snow algae in California . J. Phycol. , 8 : 1 – 9 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomas , WH and Duval , B . 1995 . Sierra Nevada, California, U.S.A., Snow algae: snow albedo changes, algal–bacterial interrelationships, and ultraviolet radiation effects . Arct. Antarct. Alp. Res. , 27 : 389 – 399 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Torzillo , G , Goskan , T , Kik , O and Gökpinar , S . 2005 . Photon irradiance required to support optimal growth & interrelations between irradiance & pigment composition in the green alga Haematococcus pluvialis . Eur. J. Phycol. , 40 : 233 – 240 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trebst , A . 2003 . Function of β-Carotene and Tocopherol in Photosystem II . Z. Naturforschung , 58c : 609 – 620 .
   Google Scholar
• Wang , B , Zarka , A , Trebst , A and Boussiba , S . 2003 . Astaxanthin accumulation in Haematococcus pluvialis (Chlorophyceae) as an active photoprotective process under high irradiance . J. Phycol. , 39 : 1116 – 1124 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weiss , RL . 1983 . Fine structure of the snow alga Chlamydomonas nivalis and associated bacteria . J. Phycol. , 19 : 200 – 204 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weiss , D , Lütz , C and Lütz-Meindl , U . 1999 . Photosynthesis and heat response of the green alga Micrasterias denticulata (Desmidiaceae) . Z. Naturforschung , 54c : 508 – 516 .
   Google Scholar
• Williams , WE , Gorton , HL and Vogelmann , TC . 2003 . Surface gas-exchange processes of snow algae . Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. , 100 : 652 – 566 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar