Flow cytometric analysis of the encystment process induced by paraquat exposure in Haematococcus pluvialis (Chlorophyceae)

References

• Apostol , I , Heinstein , PF and Low , PS . 1989 . Rapid stimulation of an oxidative burst during elicitation of cultured plant cells. Role in defense and signal transduction . Plant Physiol. , 90 : 109 – 116 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Asada , K . 1994 . “ Production and action of active oxygen species in photosynthetic tissues ” . In Causes of Photooxidative Stress and Amelioration of Defense Systems in Plants , Edited by: Foyer , CH and Mullineaux , PM . 77 – 104 . Boca Raton : CRC Press .
   Google Scholar
• Asada , K . 1999 . The water-water cycle in chloroplasts: scavenging of active oxygens and dissipation of excess photons . Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. , 50 : 601 – 639 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borowitzka , MA , Huisman , JM and Osborn , A . 1991 . Cultures of the astaxanthin producing green alga Haematococcus pluvialis. 1. Effects of nutrients on growth and cell type . J. Appl. Phycol. , 3 : 295 – 304 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boussiba , S . 2000 . Carotenogenesis in the green alga Haematococcus pluvialis: Cellular physiology and stress response . Physiol. Plant. , 108 : 111 – 117 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown , TE , Richardson , FL and Vaughn , ML . 1967 . Development of red pigmentation in Chlorococcum wimmeri (Chlorophyta: Chlorococcales) . Phycologia , 6 : 167 – 184 .
   Google Scholar
• Cid , A , Fidalgo , P , Herrero , C and Abalde , J . 1995 . Flow cytometry determination of acute physiological changes in a marine diatom stressed by copper . Microbiologia , 11 : 455 – 460 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cunningham , A . 1993 . “ Analysis of microalgae and cyanobacteria by flow cytometry ” . In Flow Cytometry in Microbiology , Edited by: Lloyd , D . 131 – 142 . London : Springer-Verlag .
   Google Scholar
• Cunningham , A and Buonnacorsi , GA . 1992 . Narrow-angle forward light scattering from individual algal cells: implications for size and shape discrimination in flow cytometry . J. Plankton Res. , 14 : 223 – 234 .
   Google Scholar
• Del Río , E , Acién , FG , García-Malea , MC , Rivas , J , Molina-Grima , E and Guerrero , MG . 2005 . Efficient one-step production of astaxanthin by the microalga Haematococcus pluvialis in continuous culture . Biotechnol. Bioeng. , 91 : 808 – 815 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Droop , MR . 1955 . Carotenogenesis in Haematococcus pluvialis . Nature , 175 : 42
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edmunds , LM Jr . 1988 . Cellular and Molecular Bases of Biological Clocks , New York : Springer-Verlag .
   Google Scholar
• Elstner , EF . 1982 . Oxygen activation and oxygen toxicity . Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol. , 33 : 73 – 96 .
   Google Scholar
• Fábregas , J , Domínguez , A , Maseda , A and Otero , A . 2003 . Interactions between irradiance and nutrient availability during astaxanthin accumulation and degradation in Haematococcus pluvialis . Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. , 61 : 545 – 551 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• González-Barreiro , O , Rioboo , C , Cid , A and Herrero , C . 2004 . Atrazine-induced chlorosis in Synechococcus elongatus cells . Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. , 46 : 301 – 307 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goodwin , TW and Jamikorn , M . 1954 . Studies in carotenogenesis 11. Carotenoid biosynthesis in the alga Haematococcus pluvialis . Biochem. J. , 57 : 376 – 381 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grünewald , K , Hagen , C and Braune , W . 1997 . Secondary carotenoid accumulation in flagellates of the green alga Haematococcus lacustris . Eur. J. Phycol. , 32 : 387 – 392 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guerin , M , Huntley , ME and Olaizola , M . 2003 . Haematococcus astaxanthin: applications for human health and nutrition . Trends Biotechnol. , 21 : 210 – 216 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu , Z , Li , Y , Sommerfeld , M , Chen , F and Hu , Q . 2008 . Enhanced protection against oxidative stress in an astaxanthin-overproduction Haematococcus mutant (Chlorophyceae) . Eur. J. Phycol. , 43 : 365 – 378 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson , EA and An , GH . 1991 . Astaxanthin from microbial sources . Crit. Rev. Biotechnol. , 11 : 297 – 326 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jyonouchi , H , Hill , RJ , Tomita , Y and Good , RA . 1991 . Studies of immunomodulating actions of carotenoids. I. Effects of beta-carotene and astaxanthin on murine lymphocyte functions and cell surface marker expression in in vitro culture system . Nutr. Cancer , 16 : 93 – 105 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kobayashi , M . 2003 . Astaxanthin biosynthesis enhanced by reactive oxygen species in the green alga Haematococcus pluvialis . Biotechnol. Bioproc. Eng. , 8 : 322 – 330 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kobayashi , M , Kakizono , T and Nagai , S . 1993 . Enhanced carotenoid biosynthesis by oxidative stress in acetate-induced cyst cells of a green unicellular alga, Haematococcus pluvialis . Appl. Environ. Microbiol. , 59 : 867 – 873 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kobayashi , M , Kakizono , T , Nishio , N , Kurimura , Y and Tsuji , T . 1997 . Antioxidant role of astaxanthin in the green alga Haematococcus pluvialis . Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. , 48 : 351 – 356 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kobayashi , M , Katsuragi , T and Tani , Y . 2001 . Enlarged and astaxanthin-accumulating cyst cells of the green alga Haematococcus pluvialis . J. Biosci. Bioeng. , 92 : 565 – 568 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lee , YK and Soh , CW . 1991 . Accumulation of astaxanthin in Haematococcus lacustris (Chlorophyta) . J. Phycol. , 27 : 575 – 577 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li , Y , Sommerfeld , M , Chen , F and Hu , Q . 2008 . Consumption of oxygen by astaxanthin biosynthesis: A protective mechanism against oxidative stress in Haematococcus pluvialis (Chlorophyceae) . J. Plant Physiol. , 165 : 1783 – 1797 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lu , F , Vonshak , A and Boussiba , S . 1994 . Effect of temperature and irradiance on growth of Haematococcus pluvialis (Chlorophyceae) . J. Phycol. , 30 : 829 – 833 .
   Google Scholar
• Miki , W . 1991 . Biological functions and activities of animal carotenoids . Pure Appl. Chem. , 63 : 141 – 146 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orosa , M , Franqueira , D , Cid , A and Abalde , J . 2001 . Carotenoid accumulation in Haematococcus pluvialis in mixotrophic growth . Biotechnol. Lett. , 23 : 373 – 378 .
   Google Scholar
• Palozza , P and Krinsky , NI . 1992 . Astaxanthin and canthaxanthin are potent antioxidants in a membrane model . Arch. Biochem. Biophys. , 297 : 291 – 295 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rhoads , DM , Umbach , AL , Subbaiah , CC and Siedow , JN . 2006 . Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. Contribution to oxidative stress and interorganellar signaling . Plant Physiol. , 141 : 357 – 366 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rioboo , C , O′Connor , JE , Prado , R , Herrero , C and Cid , A . 2009 . Cell proliferation alterations in Chlorella cells under stress conditions . Aquat. Toxicol. , 94 : 229 – 237 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Savoure , N , Briand , G , Amory-Touz , MC , Combre , A , Maudet , M and Nicol , M . 1995 . Vitamin A status and metabolism of cutaneous polyamines in the hairless mouse after UV irradiation: action of beta-carotene and astaxanthin . Int. J. Vitam. Nutr. Res. , 65 : 79 – 86 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shapiro , HM . 1995 . Practical Flow Cytometry , New York : Wiley-Liss Inc. .
   Google Scholar
• Tamiya , H . 1966 . Synchronous cultures of algae . Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. , 17 : 1 – 26 .
   Google Scholar
• Tan , S , Cunningham , FX Jr , Youmans , M , Grabowski , B , Sun , Z and Gantt , E . 1995 . Cytochrome f loss in astaxanthin accumulating red cells of Haematococcus pluvialis (Chlorophyceae): Comparison of photosynthetic activity, photosynthetic enzymes and thylakoid membrane polypeptides in red and green cells . J. Phycol. , 31 : 897 – 905 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang , S-B , Chen , F , Sommerfeld , M and Hu , Q . 2004 . Proteomic analysis of molecular response to oxidative stress by the green alga Haematococcus pluvialis (Chlorophyceae) . Planta , 220 : 17 – 29 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yong , YYR and Lee , YK . 1991 . Do carotenoids play a photoprotective role in the cytoplasm of Haematococcus lacustris (Chlorophyta)? . J. Phycol. , 30 : 257 – 261 .
   Google Scholar
• Zlotnik , IS , Sukenik , A and Dubinsky , Z . 1993 . Physiological and photosynthetic changes during the formation of red aplanospores in the chlorophyte Haematococcus pluvialis . J. Phycol. , 29 : 463 – 469 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar