References
- Amato, A., Orsini, L., D'Alelio, D. & Montresor, M. (2005). Life cycle, size reduction patterns, and ultrastructure of the pennate planktonic diatom Pseudo-nitzschia delicatissima (Bacillariophyceae). Journal of Phycology, 41: 542–556.
- Amato, A., Kooistra, W.H.C.F., Levialdi Ghiron, J.H., Mann, D.G., Pröschold, T. & Montresor, M. (2007). Reproductive isolation among sympatric cryptic species in marine diatoms. Protist, 158: 193–207.
- Assmy, P., Henjes, J., Smetacek, V. & Montresor, M. (2006). Auxospore formation in the silica-sinking oceanic diatom Fragilariopsis kerguelensis (Bacillariophyceae). Journal of Phycology, 42: 1002–1006.
- Assmy, P., Henjes, J., Klaas, C. & Smetacek, V. (2007). Mechanisms determining species dominance in a phytoplankton bloom induced by the iron fertilization experiment EisenEx in the Southern Ocean. Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, 54: 340–362.
- Brzezinski, M.A. (1985). The Si: C: N ratio of marine diatoms: interespecific variability and the effect of some environmental variables. Journal of Phycology, 21: 347–357.
- Cefarelli, A.O., Ferrario, M.E., Almandoz, G.O., Atencio, A.G., Akselman, R. & Vernet, M. (2010). Diversity of the diatom genus Fragilariopsis in the Argentine Sea and Antarctic waters: morphology, distribution and abundance. Polar Biology, 33: 1463–1484.
- Chepurnov, V.A., Mann, D.G., Vyverman, W., Sabbe, K. & Danielidis, D.B. (2002). Sexual reproduction, mating system, and protoplast dynamics of Seminavis (Bacillariophyceae). Journal of Phycology, 38: 1004–1019.
- Chepurnov, V.A., Mann, D.G., Sabbe, K. & Vyverman, W. (2004). Experimental studies on sexual reproduction in diatoms. International Review of Cytology, 237: 91–154.
- Chepurnov, V.A., Mann, D.G., Sabbe, K., Vannerum, K., Casteleyn, G., Verleyen, E., Peperzak, L. & Vyverman, W. (2005). Sexual reproduction, mating system, chloroplast dynamics and abrupt cell size reduction in Pseudo-nitzschia pungens from the North Sea (Bacillariophyta). European Journal of Phycology, 40: 379–395.
- Cortese, G. & Gersonde, R. (2007). Morphometric variability in the diatom Fragilariopsis kerguelensis: implications for Southern Ocean paleoceanography. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 257: 526–544.
- Cortese, G., Gersonde, R., Maschner, K. & Medley, P. (2012). Glacial-interglacial size variability in the diatom Fragilariopsis kerguelensis: possible iron/dust controls? Paleoceanography, 27: 1–14.
- Crawford, R.M. (1995). The role of sex in the sedimentation of a marine diatom bloom. Limnology and Oceanography, 40: 200–204.
- Crosta, X. (2009). Holocene size variations in two diatom species off East Antarctica: productivity vs environmental conditions. Deep-Sea Research Part I Oceanographic Research Papers, 56: 1983–1993.
- D'Alelio, D., Amato, A., Luedeking, A. & Montresor, M. (2009a). Sexual and vegetative phases in the planktonic diatom Pseudo-nitzschia multistriata. Harmful Algae, 8: 225–232.
- D’Alelio, D., Amato, A., Kooistra, W.H.C.F., Procaccini, G., Casotti, R. & Montresor, M. (2009b). Internal Transcribed Spacer polymorphism in Pseudo-nitzschia multistriata (Bacillariophyceae) in the Gulf of Naples: recent divergence or intraspecific hybridization? Protist, 160: 9–20.
- D’Alelio, D., Ribera D'Alcalà, M., Dubroca, L., Sarno, D., Zingone, A. & Montresor, M. (2010). The time for sex: a biennial life cycle in a marine planktonic diatom. Limnology and Oceanography, 55: 106–114.
- Davidovich, N.A. (1994). Factors controlling the size of initial cells in diatoms. Russian Journal of Plant Physiology, 41: 220–224.
- Davidovich, N.A. & Bates, S.S. (1998). Sexual reproduction in the pennate diatoms Pseudo-nitzschia multiseries and P. pseudodelicatissima (Bacillariophyceae). Journal of Phycology, 34: 126–137.
- Edlund, M.B. & Bixby, R.J. (2001). Intra- and inter-specific differences in gametangial and initial cell size in diatoms. In Proceedings of the 16th International Diatom Symposium 2000 (Economou-Amilli, A., editor), 169–190. University of Athens, Athens.
- Evans, K.M., Wortley, A.H., Simpson, G.E., Chepurnov, V.A. & Mann, D.G. (2008). A molecular systematic approach to explore diversity within the Sellaphora pupula species complex (Bacillariophyta). Journal of Phycology, 44: 215–231.
- Gall, M.P., Boyd, P.W., Hall, J., Safi, K.A. & Chang, H. (2001). Phytoplankton processes. Part 1: Community structure during the Southern Ocean Iron RElease Experiment (SOIREE). Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 48: 2551–2570.
- Geitler, L. (1932). Der Formwechsel der pennaten Diatomeen (Kieselalgen). Archiv für Protistenkude, 78: 1–226.
- Geitler., L. (1973). Auxosporenbidung und Systematik bei pennaten Diatomeen und die Zytologie von Cocconeis-Sippen. Österreichische Botanische Zeitschrift, 122: 299–321.
- Guillard, R.L. & Ryther, J.H. (1962). Studies of marine planktonic diatoms. I. Cyclotella nana Hustedt, and Detonula confervacea (Cleve) Gran. Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 8: 229–239.
- Hamm, C.E., Merkel, R., Springer, O., Jurkojc, P., Maier, C., Prechtel, K. & Smetacek, V. (2003). Architecture and material properties of diatom shell provide effective mechanical protection. Nature, 421: 841–843.
- Hamsher, S.E., Evans, K.M., Mann, D.G., Poulícková, A. & Saunders, G.W. (2011). Barcoding diatoms: exploring alternatives to COI-5P. Protist, 162: 405–422.
- Hart, T.J. (1942). Phytoplankton periodicity in Antarctic surface waters. Discovery Reports, 21: 263–348.
- Hasle., G.R. (1965). Nitzschia and Fragilariopsis species studied in the light and electron microscopes. III. The genus Fragilariopsis. Skrifter utgitt av det Norske Videnskaps-Akademi I Oslo: I Matematisk-Naturvideskapeling Klasse, 21: 1–49.
- Hasle, G.R. (1968). Observations on the marine diatom Fragilariopsis kerguelensis (O’Meara) Hust. in the scanning electron microscope. Nytt Magasin for Botanikk, 15: 205–208.
- Hasle, G.R. & Syvertsen, E.E. (1997). Marine diatoms. In Identifying marine phytoplankton (Tomas, C.R., editor), 5–385. Academic Press, San Diego, CA.
- Hoffmann, L.J., Peeken, I. & Lochte, K. (2007). Effects of iron on the elemental stoichiometry during EIFEX and in the diatoms Fragilariopsis kerguelensis and Chaetoceros dichaeta. Biogeosciences, 4: 569–579.
- Holtermann, K.E., Bates, S.S., Trainer, V.L., Odell, A. & Armbrust, E.V. (2010). Mass sexual reproduction in the toxigenic diatoms Pseudo-nitzschia australis and P. pungens (Bacillariophyceae) on the Washington coast. Journal of Phycology, 46: 41–52.
- Hustedt, F. (1958). Diatomeen aus der Antarktis und dem Südatlantik. Deutsche Antarktische Expedition 1938/39, 2: 103–191.
- Idei, M., Sato, S., Watanabe, T., Nagumo, T. & Mann, D.G. (2013). Sexual reproduction and auxospore structure in Diploneis papula (Bacillariophyta). Phycologia, 52: 295–308.
- Jewson., D.H. (1992). Size reduction, reproductive strategy and the life strategy of a centric diatom. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B, 336: 191–213.
- Kaczmarska, I., Bates, S.S., Ehrman, J.M. & Léger, C. (2000). Fine structure of the gamete, auxospore and initial cell in the pennate diatom Pseudo-nitzschia multiseries (Bacillariophyta). Nova Hedwigia, 71: 337–357.
- Kaczmarska, I., Ehrman, J.M. & Bates, S.S. (2001). A review of auxospore structure, ontogeny and diatom phylogeny. In Proceedings of the 16th International Diatom Symposium 2000 (Economou-Amilli, A., editor), 153–167. Amvrosius Press, Athens.
- Kaczmarska, I., Davidovich, N.A. & Ehrman, J.M. (2007). Sex cells and reproduction in the diatom Nitzschia longissima (Bacillariophyta): discovery of siliceous scales in gamete cell walls and novel elements of the perizonium. Phycologia, 46: 726–737.
- Kaczmarska, I., Poulíčková, A., Sato, S., Edlund, M.B., Idei, M., Watanabe, T. & Mann, D.G. (2013). Proposals for a terminology for diatom sexual reproduction, auxospores and resting stages. Diatom Research, 28: 263–294.
- Kooistra, W.H.C.F., De Stefano, M., Medlin, L.K. & Mann, D.G. (2003). The phylogenetic position of Toxarium, a pennate-like lineage within centric diatoms (Bacillariophyceae). Journal of Phycology, 39: 185–197.
- Leblanc, K. & Hutchins, D.A. (2005). New applications of a biogenic silica deposition fluorophore in the study of oceanic diatoms. Limnology and Oceanography – Methods, 3: 462–476.
- Levialdi Ghiron, J.H., Amato, A., Montresor, M. & Kooistra, W.C.H.F. (2008). Plastid inheritance in the planktonic raphid pennate diatom Pseudo-nitzschia delicatissima (Bacillariophyceae). Protist, 159: 91–98.
- Lundholm, N. & Hasle, G.R. (2010). Fragilariopsis (Bacillariophyceae) of the Northern Hemisphere – morphology, taxonomy, phylogeny and distribution, with a description of F. pacifica sp. nov. Phycologia, 49: 438–460.
- Lundholm, N., Daugbjerg, N. & Moestrup, Ø. (2002). Phylogeny of the Bacillariaceae with emphasis on the genus Pseudo-nitzschia (Bacillariophyceae) based on partial LSU rDNA. European Journal of Phycology, 37: 115–134.
- Mann, D.G. (1986). Methods of sexual reproduction in Nitzschia: systematic and evolutionary implications. Diatom Research, 1: 193–203.
- Mann, D.G. (1988). Why didn't Lund see sex in Asterionella? A discussion of the diatom life cycle in nature. In Algae and the aquatic environment (Round, F.E., editor), 385–412. Biopress, Bristol.
- Mann, D.G. (1989). The diatom genus Sellaphora: separation from Navicula. British Phycological Journal, 24: 1–20.
- Mann, D.G. & Stickle, A.J. (1989). Meiosis, nuclear cyclosis, and auxospore formation in Navicula sensu stricto (Bacillariophyceae). British Phycological Journal, 24: 167–181.
- Mann, D.G., Sato, S., Rovira, L. & Trobajo, R. (2013). Paedogamy and auxosporulation in Nitzschia sect. Lanceolatae (Bacillariophyta). Phycologia, 52: 204–220.
- Marchetti, A. & Cassar, N. (2009). Diatom elemental and morphological changes in response to iron limitation: a brief review with potential paleoceanographic applications. Geobiology, 7: 419–431.
- Marchetti, A. & Harrison, P.J. (2007). Coupled changes in the cell morphology and elemental (C, N, and Si) composition of the pennate diatom Pseudo-nitzschia due to iron deficiency. Limnology and Oceanography, 52: 2270–2284.
- Moniz, M.B.J. & Kaczmarska, I. (2010). Barcoding of diatoms: nuclear encoded ITS revisited. Protist, 161: 7–34.
- Poulíčková, A., Mayama, S., Chepurnov, V.A. & Mann, D.G. (2007). Heterothallic auxosporulation, incunabula and perizonium in Pinnularia (Bacillariophyceae). European Journal of Phycology, 42: 367–390.
- Quijano-Scheggia, S.I., Garcés, E., Lundholm, N., Moestrup, O., Andree, K. & Camp, J. (2009). Morphology, physiology, molecular phylogeny and sexual compatibility of the cryptic Pseudo-nitzschia delicatissima complex (Bacillariophyta), including the description of P. arenysensis sp. nov. Phycologia, 48: 492–509..
- Rambaut, A. (2002). Sequence Alignment Editor v2.0a11. Available at http://tree.bio.ed.ac.uk/software/seal/
- Round, F.E., Crawford, R.M. & Mann, D.G. (1990). The diatoms. Biology and morphology of the genera. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
- Sarno, D., Kooistra, W.C.H.F., Balzano, S., Hargraves, P.E. & Zingone, A. (2007). Diversity in the genus Skeletonema (Bacillariophyceae): III. Phylogenetic position and morphological variability of Skeletonema costatum and Skeletonema grevillei, with the description of Skeletonema ardens sp. nov. Journal of Phycology, 43: 156–170.
- Sarno, D., Zingone, A. & Montresor, M. (2010). A massive and simultaneous sex event of two Pseudo-nitzschia species. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 57: 248–255.
- Smetacek, V., Assmy, P. & Henjes, J. (2004). The role of grazing in structuring Southern Ocean pelagic ecosystems and biogeochemical cycles. Antarctic Science, 16: 541–558.
- Treguer, P., Nelson, D.M., Bennekom, A.J.V., Demaster, D.J., Leynaert, A. & Queguiner, B. (1995). The silica balance in the world ocean: a reestimate. Science, 268: 375–379.
- Trobajo, R., Clavero, E., Chepurnov, V.A., Sabbe, K., Mann, D.G., Ishihara, S. & Cox, E.J. (2009). Morphological, genetic and mating diversity within the widespread bioindicator Nitzschia palea (Bacillariophyceae). Phycologia, 48: 443–459.
- Trobajo, R., Rovira, L., Ector, L., Wetzel, C.E., Kelly, M. & Mann, D.G. (2013). Morphology and identity of some ecologically important small Nitzschia species. Diatom Research, 28: 37–59.
- Zielinski, U. & Gersonde, R. (1997). Diatom distribution in Southern Ocean surface sediments (Atlantic sector): implications for paleoenvironmental reconstructions. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 129: 213–250.