Patterns of vertical cyst distribution and survival in 100-year-old sediment archives of three spring dinoflagellate species from the Northern Baltic Sea

References

• Anderson, D.M. (1998). Physiology and bloom dynamics of toxic Alexandrium species, with emphasis on life cycle transitions. In Physiological Ecology of Harmful Algal Blooms (Anderson, D.M., Cembella, A.D. & Hallegraeff, G.M., editors), 29–48. NATO ASI series, Springer-Verlag, Berlin. Vol. G 41.
   Google Scholar
• Anglès, S., Garcés, E., Reñé, A. & Sampedro, N. (2012). Life-cycle alternations in Alexandrium minutum natural populations from the NW Mediterranean Sea. Harmful Algae, 16: 1–11.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Appleby, P.G. (2001). Chronostratigraphic techniques in recent sediments. In Tracking Environmental Change Using Lake Sediments, Vol 1 (Last, W.M. & Smol, J.P., editors), 171–203. Kluwer, Dordrecht.
   Google Scholar
• Conley, D.J., Humborg, C., Rahm, L., Savchuk, O.P. & Wulff, F. (2002). Hypoxia in the Baltic Sea and basin-scale changes in phosphorus biogeochemistry. Environmental Science & Technology, 36: 5315–5320.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cox, A.M., Shull, D.H. & Horner, R.A. (2008). Profiles of Alexandrium catenella cysts in Puget Sound sediments and the relationship to paralytic shellfish poisoning events. Harmful Algae, 7: 379–388.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Craveiro, S.C., Daugbjerg, N., Moestrup, Ø. & Calado, A.J. (2016). Studies on Peridinium aciculiferum and Peridinium malmogiense (= Scrippsiella hangoei): comparison with Chimonodinium lomnickii and description of Apocalathium gen. nov. (Dinophyceae). Phycologia, 56: 21–35.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dale, B. (1983). Dinoflagellate resting cysts: “benthic plankton”. In Survival Strategies of the Algae (Fryxell, G.A., editor), 69–136. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
   Google Scholar
• de Vernal, A., Rochon, A., Fréchette, B., Henry, M., Radi, T. & Solignac, S. (2013). Reconstructing past sea ice cover of the northern hemisphere from dinocyst assemblages: status of the approach. Quaternary Science Reviews, 79: 122–134.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feifel, K.M., Fletcher, S.J., Watson, L.R., Moore, S.K. & Lessard, E.J. (2015). Alexandrium and Scrippsiella cyst viability and cytoplasmic fullness in a 60-cm sediment core from Sequim Bay, WA. Harmful Algae, 47: 56–65.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feifel, K.M., Moore, S.K. & Horner, R.A. (2012). An Alexandrium spp. cyst record from Sequim Bay, Washington State, USA, and its relation to past climate variability. Journal of Phycology, 48: 550–558.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Figueroa, R.I. & Bravo, I. (2005). Sexual reproduction and two different encystment strategies of Lingulodinium polyedrum (Dinophyceae) in culture. Journal of Phycology, 41: 370–379.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garcés, E., Zingone, A., Montresor, M., Reguera, B. & Dale, B. (2002). LIFEHAB: Life histories of microalgal species causing harmful blooms. Office for the Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg, 1–189.
   Google Scholar
• Hällfors, H., Backer, H., Leppänen, J.M., Hällfors, S., Hällfors, G. & Kuosa, H. (2013). The northern Baltic Sea phytoplankton communities in 1903–1911 and 1993–2005: a comparison of historical and modern species data. Hydrobiologia, 707: 109–133.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hällfors, H., Backer, H., Leppänen, J.M., Hällfors, S., Hällfors, G. & Kuosa, H. (2013). The northern Baltic Sea phytoplankton communities in 1903–1911 and 1993–2005: a comparison of historical and modern species data. Hydrobiologia, 707: 109–133.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harland, R., Nordberg, K. & Filipsson, H.L. (2006). Dinoflagellate cysts and hydrographical change in Gullmar Fjord, west coast of Sweden. Science of the Total Environment, 355: 204–231.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heikkilä, M., Pospelova, V., Forest, A., Stern, G.A., Fortier, L. & Macdonald, R.W. (2016). Dinoflagellate cyst production over an annual cycle in seasonally ice-covered Hudson Bay. Marine Micropaleontology, 125: 1–24.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heiskanen, A.-S. (1993). Mass encystment and sinking of dinoflagellates during a spring bloom. Marine Biology, 116: 161–167.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hinners, J., Kremp, A. & Hense, I. (2017). Evolution in temperature-dependent phytoplankton traits revealed from a sediment archive: Do reaction norms tell the whole story? Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 284: 20171888.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katajisto, T. (1996). Copepod eggs survive a decade in the sediments of the Baltic Sea. Hydrobiologia, 320: 153–159.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klais, R., Tamminen, T., Kremp, A., Spilling, K., An, B.W., Hajdu, S. & Olli, K. (2013). Spring phytoplankton communities shaped by interannual weather variability and dispersal limitation: mechanisms of climate change effects on key coastal primary producers. Limnology and Oceanography, 58: 753–762.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klais, R., Tamminen, T., Kremp, A., Spilling, K. & Olli, K. (2011). Decadal-scale changes of dinoflagellates and diatoms in the anomalous Baltic Sea spring bloom. PLoS ONE, 6: e21567.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klouch, K.Z., Schmidt, S., Andrieux-Loyer, F., Le Gac, M., Hervio-Heath, D., Qui-Minet, Z. N. & Siano, R. (2016). Historical records from dated sediment cores reveal the multidecadal dynamic of the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum in the Bay of Brest (France). FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 92: fiw101.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kremp, A. 2000. Morphology and germination pattern of the resting cyst of Peridiniella catenata (Dinophyceae) from the Baltic Sea. Phycologia, 39: 183–186.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kremp, A. & Anderson, D.M. (2000). Factors regulating germination of resting cysts of the spring bloom dinoflagellate Scrippsiella hangoei from the northern Baltic Sea. Journal of Plankton Research, 22: 1311–1327.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kremp, A., Elbrächter, M., Schweikert, M., Wolny, J. & Gottschling, M. (2005). Woloszynskia halophila (Biecheler) comb. nov. – a bloom forming cold-water dinoflagellate co-occurring with Scrippsiella hangoei (Dinophyceae) in the Baltic Sea. Journal of Phycology, 41: 629–642.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kremp, A., Rengefors, K. & Montresor, M. (2009). Species-specific encystment patterns in three Baltic cold-water dinoflagellates: the role of multiple cues in resting cyst formation. Limnology and Oceanography, 54: 1125–1138.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larsen, J., Kuosa, H., Ikävalko, J., Kivi, K. & Hällfors, S. (1995). A redescription of Scrippsiella hangoei (Schiller) comb. nov. – a ‘red tide’ forming dinoflagellate from the northern Baltic. Phycologia, 34: 135–144.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levander (1894). Peridinium catenatum n. sp. – eine kettenbildende Peridinee im Finnischen Meerbusen. Acta Societatis pro Fauna et Flora Fennica, 9: 1–18+1 Platte.
   Google Scholar
• Levander, K.M. (1901). Zur Kenntnis des Planktons und der Bodenfauna einiger seichten Brackwasserbuchten. Acta Societatis pro Fauna et Flora Fennica, 20: 1–34.
   Google Scholar
• Lewis, J., Harris, A.S.D., Jones, K.J. & Edmonds, R.L. (1999). Long-term survival of marine planktonic diatoms and dinoflagellates in stored sediment samples. Journal of Plankton Research, 21: 343–345.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lignell, R., Heiskanen, A.-S., Kuosa, H., Gundersen, K., Kuuppo-Leinikki, P., Pajuniemi, R. & Uitto, A. (1993). Fate of a phytoplankton spring bloom: sedimentation and carbon flow in the planktonic food web in the northern Baltic. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 94: 239–252.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lima, A.L., Hubeny, J.B., Reddy, C.M., King, J.W., Hughen, K.A. & Eglinton, T.I. (2005). High-resolution historical records from Pettaquamscutt River basin sediments: 1. 210Pb and varve chronologies validate record of 137Cs released by the Chernobyl accident. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 69: 1803–1812.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lindemann, E. (1924). Ueber finnische Peridineen. Archiv fuer Hydrobiologie, 15: 1–4.
   Google Scholar
• Lundholm, N., Ribeiro, S., Andersen, T.J., Koch, T., Godhe, A., Ekelund, F. & Ellegaard, M. (2011). Buried alive – germination of up to a century-old marine protist resting stages. Phycologia, 50: 629–640.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCarthy, F.M., Mertens, K.N., Ellegaard, M., Sherman, K., Pospelova, V., Ribeiro, S., Blasco, S., & Vercauteren, D. (2011). Resting cysts of freshwater dinoflagellates in southeastern Georgian Bay (Lake Huron) as proxies of cultural eutrophication. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 166: 46–62.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McQuoid, M.R., Godhe, A. & Nordberg, K. (2002). Viability of phytoplankton resting stages in the sediments of a coastal Swedish fjord. European Journal of Phycology, 37: 191–201.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miyazono, A., Nagai, S., Kudo, I. & Tanizawa, K. (2012). Viability of Alexandrium tamarense cysts in the sediment of Funka Bay, Hokkaido, Japan: over a hundred year survival times for cysts. Harmful Algae, 16: 81–88.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Niemi, Å. (1975). Ecology of phytoplankton in the Tvärminne area, SW coast of Finland. II. Primary production and environmental conditions in the archipelago and the sea zone. Acta Botanica Fennica, 105: 1–73.
   Google Scholar
• Olli, K., Trikk, O., Klais, R., Ptacnik, R., Andersen, T., Lehtinen, S. & Tamminen, T. (2013). Harmonizing large data sets reveals novel patterns in the Baltic Sea phytoplankton community structure. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 473: 53–66.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rengefors, K. 1998. Seasonal succession of dinoflagellates coupled to the benthic cyst dynamics in Lake Erken. Arch. Hydrobiol. Spec. Issues Advanc. Limnol., 51: 123–141.
   Google Scholar
• Ribeiro, S., Amorim, A., Andersen, T.J., Abrantes, F. & Ellegaard, M. (2012). Reconstructing the history of an invasion: the toxic phytoplankton species Gymnodinium catenatum in the Northeast Atlantic. Biological Invasions, 14: 969–985.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ribeiro, S., Berge, T., Lundholm, N. & Ellegaard, M. (2013). Hundred years of environmental change and phytoplankton ecophysiological variability archived in coastal sediments. PLOS ONE, 8: e61184.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ribeiro, S., Berje, T., Lundholm, N., Andersen, T.J., Abrantes, F. & Ellegaard, M. (2011). Phytoplankton growth after a century of dormancy illuminates past resilience to catastrophic darkness. Nature Communications, 2: 311.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Struck, U., Emeis, K.C., Voss, M., Christiansen, C. & Kunzendorf, H. (2000). Records of southern and central Baltic Sea eutrophication in δ13C and δ15N of sedimentary organic matter. Marine Geology, 164: 157–171.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sundström, A., Kremp, A., Daugbjerg, N., Moestrup, Ø., Ellegaard, M., Hajdu, S. & Hansen, R. (2009). Gymnodinium corollarium sp. nov. (Dinophyceae) – a new cold-water dinoflagellate responsible for cyst sedimentation events in the Baltic Sea. Journal of Phycology, 45: 938–952.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tahvanainen, P., Alpermann, T.J., Figueroa, R.I., John, U., Hakanen, P., Nagai, S., Blomster, J. & Kremp, A. (2012). Patterns of post-glacial genetic differentiation in marginal populations of a marine micro-alga. PLoS ONE, 7: e53602.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vallius, H. (2006). Permanent seafloor anoxia in coastal basins of the northwestern Gulf of Finland, Baltic Sea. AMBIO: A Journal of the Human Environment, 35: 105–108.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• von Stosch, H.A. (1973). Observations on vegetative reproduction and sexual life cycles of two freshwater dinoflagellates, Gymnodinium pseudopalustre Schiller and Woloszynskia apiculata sp. nov. British Phycological Journal, 8: 105–134.
   Google Scholar
• Warns, A., Hense, I. & Kremp, A. (2013). Modeling the life cycle of dinoflagellates – a case study with Biecheleria baltica. Journal of Plankton Research, 35: 379–392.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zonneveld, K.A.F., Versteegh, G.J.M. & de Lange, G.J. (1997). Preservation of organic-walled dinoflagellate cysts in different oxygen regimes: a 10,000 year natural experiment. Marine Micropaleontology, 29: 393–405.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar