Phylogenetic analyses of Macaronesian turf-forming species reveal cryptic diversity and resolve Stichothamnion in the Vertebrata clade (Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta)

References

• Afonso Carrillo, J. & Sansón, M. (1999). Algas, hongos y fanerógamas marinas de las Islas Canarias. Clave analítica. Servicio de Publicaciones Universidad de la Laguna, La Laguna.
   Google Scholar
• Akioka, H., Baba, M., Masaki, T. & Johansen, H.W. (1999). Rocky shore turfs dominated by Corallina (Corallinales Rhodophyta) in northern Japan. Phycological Research, 47: 199–206.
   Google Scholar
• Bauzà-Ribot, M.M., Francesco, Nardi C.J., Oromí, P., Pons, J. & Jaume, D. (2012). Mitogenomic phylogenetic analysis supports continental-scale vicariance in subterranean thalassoid crustaceans. Current Biology, 22: 2069–2074.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Børgesen, F. (1930). Marine algae from the Canary Islands especially from Tenerife and Gran Canaria III. Rhodophyceae. Part III. Ceramiales. Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab, Biologiske Meddelelser, 9: 1–159.
   Google Scholar
• Bory de Saint-Vincent, J.B.G.M. (1803). Essais sur les Isles Fortunées et l’antique Atlantide, ou precis de l’histoire générale de l’Archipel des Canaries. Baudouin, Imprimeur de l’Institut National, Paris.
   Google Scholar
• Botello, A., Iliffe, T.M., Alvarez, F., Juan, C., Pons, J. & Jaume, D. (2013). Historical biogeography and phylogeny of Typhlatya cave shrimps (Decapoda: Atyidae) based on mitochondrial and nuclear data. Journal of Biogeography, 40: 594–607.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bustamante, D.E., Won, B.Y., Miller, K.A. & Cho, T.O. (2017). Wilsonosiphonia gen. nov. (Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta) based on molecular and morpho-anatomical characters. Journal of Phycology, 53: 368–380.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choi, H.-G., Kim, M.-S., Guiry, M.D. & Saunders, G.W. (2001). Phylogenetic relationships of Polysiphonia (Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta) and its relatives based on anatomical and nuclear small-subunit rDNA sequence data. Canadian Journal of Botany, 79: 1465–1476.
   Google Scholar
• Connell, S.D., Foster, M.S. & Airoldi, L. (2014). What are algal turfs? Towards a better description of turfs. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 495: 299–307.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Connell, S.D., Russell, B.D., Turner, D.J., Shepherd, S.A. Kildea, T., Miller, D., Airoldi, L. & Cheshire, A. (2008). Recovering a lost baseline: missing kelp forests from a metropolitan coast. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 360: 63–72.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Díaz-Tapia, P. & Bárbara, I. (2013). Seaweeds from sand-covered rocks of the Atlantic Iberian Peninsula. Part 1. The Rhodomelaceae (Ceramiales, Rhodophyta). Cryptogamie, Algologie, 34: 325–422.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Díaz-Tapia, P. & Bárbara, I. (2014). Seaweeds from sand-covered rocks of the Atlantic Iberian Peninsula. Part 2. Palmariales, Ceramiales (excluding Rhodomelaceae), Gelidiales, Gigartinales, Plocamiales, Rhodymeniales and Scytothamniales. Cryptogamie Algologie, 35: 157–199.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Díaz-Tapia, P., Bárbara, I. & Díez, I. (2013a). Multi-scale spatial variability in intertidal benthic assemblages: differences between sand-free and sand-covered rocky habitats. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 133: 97–108,
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Díaz-Tapia, P., Boo, S.M., Geraldino, P.J.L., Maneiro, I., Bárbara, I. & Hommersand, M.H. (2013b). Morphology and systematics of Calliblepharis hypneoides, sp. nov. (Cystocloniaceae, Rhodophyta) from the Atlantic Iberian Peninsula. European Journal of Phycology, 48: 380–397.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Díaz-Tapia, P., Ly, M. & Verbruggen, H. (2020a). Extensive cryptic diversity in the widely distributed Polysiphonia scopulorum (Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta): molecular species delimitation and morphometric analyses. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 152: 106909.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Díaz-Tapia, P., Maggs, C.A., Macaya, E.C. & Verbruggen, H. (2018). Widely distributed red algae often represent hidden introductions, complexes of cryptic species or species with strong phylogeographic structure. Journal of Phycology, 54: 829–839.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Díaz-Tapia, P., Maggs, C.A., Nelson, W., Macaya, E.C. & Verbruggen, H. (2020b). Reassessment of the genus Lophurella (Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta) from Australia and New Zealand reveals four cryptic species. European Journal of Phycology, 55: 113–128.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Díaz-Tapia, P., Maggs, C.A., West, J.A. & Verbruggen, H. (2017a). Analysis of chloroplast genomes and a supermatrix inform reclassification of the Rhodomelaceae (Rhodophyta). Journal of Phycology, 53: 920–937.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Díaz-Tapia, P., McIvor, L., Freshwater, D.W., Verbruggen, H., Wynne, M.J. & Maggs, C.A. (2017b). The genera Melanothamnus Bornet & Falkenberg and Vertebrata S.F. Gray constitute well-defined clades of the red algal tribe Polysiphonieae (Rhodomelaceae, Ceramiales). European Journal of Phycology, 52: 1–20.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doyle, J.J., & Doyle, J.L. (1987). A rapid DNA isolation procedure for small quantities of fresh leaf tissue. Phytochemical Bulletin, 19: 11–15.
   Google Scholar
• Falkenberg, P. (1901). Die Rhodomelaceen des Golfes von Neapel und der angrenzenden Meeres-Abschnitte. Fauna und Flora des Golfes von Neapel, Monographie 26. Berlin.
   Google Scholar
• Filbee-Dexter, K. & Wernberg, T. (2018). Rise of turfs: a new battlefront for globally declining kelp forests. BioScience, 68: 64–76.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Filbee-Dexter, K., Wernberg, T., Grace, S.P., Thormar, J., Fredriksen, S., Narvaez, C.N., Feehan, C.J. & Norderhaug, K.M. (2020). Marine heatwaves and the collapse of marginal North Atlantic kelp forests. Scientific Reports, 10: 13388.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freitas, R., Romeiras, M., Silva, L., Cordeiro, R., Madeira, P., González, J.A., Wirtz, P., Falcón, J.M., Brito, A., Floeter, S.R., Afonso, P., Porteiro, F., Viera-Rodríguez, M.A., Neto, A.I., Haroun, R., Farminhao, J.N.M., Reblelo, A.C., Baptista, L., Melo, C.S., Martínez, A., Núñez, J., Berning, B., Johnson, M.E. & Ávila, S.P. (2019). Restructuring of the ‘Macaronesia’ biogeographic unit: a marine multi-taxon biogeographical approach. Scientific Reports, 9: 15792.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freshwater, D.W., Idol, J.N., Parham, S.L., Fernández-García, C., León, N., Gabrielson, P.W. & Wysor, B. (2017). Molecular assisted identification reveals hidden red algae diversity from the Burica Peninsula, Pacific Panama. Diversity, 9: 19.
   Google Scholar
• Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. (2020). AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. http://www.algaebase.org.
   Google Scholar
• Haroun, R.J., Gil-Rodríguez, M.C., Díaz de Castro, J. & Prud’homme van Reine, W.F. (2002). A checklist of the marine plants from the Canary Islands (central eastern Atlantic Ocean). Botanica Marina, 45: 139–169.
   Google Scholar
• Haroun, R.J. & Prud’homme van Reine, W.F. (1993). A biogeographical study of Laurencia and Hypnea species of the Macaronesian region. Courier Forschunsinstitut Senckenberg, 159: 119–125.
   Google Scholar
• Hommersand, M.H. (1963). The morphology and classification of some Ceramiaceae and Rhodomelaceae. University of California Publications in Botany, 35: 165–366.
   Google Scholar
• Hou, Z. & Li, S. (2018). Tethyan changes shaped aquatic diversification. Biological Reviews, 93: 874–896.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jesus, P.B., Costa, A.L., Nunes, J.M.C., Manghisi, A., Genovese, G., Morabito, M. & Schnadelbach, S. (2019). Species delimitation methods reveal cryptic diversity in the Hypnea cornuta complex (Cystocloniaceae, Rhodophyta). European Journal of Phycology, 54: 135–153.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kearse, M., Moir, R., Wilson, A., Stones-Havas, S., Cheung, M., Sturrock, S., Buxton, S., Cooper, A., Markowitz, S., Duran, C., Thierer, T., Ashton, B., Meintjes, P. & Drummond, A. (2012). Geneious Basic: an integrated and extendable desktop software platform for the organization and analysis of sequence data. Bioinformatics, 28: 1647–1649.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelaher, B.P., Chapman, M.G. & Underwood, A.J. (2001). Spatial patterns of diverse macrofaunal assemblages in coralline turf and their associations with environmental variables. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 81: 917e930.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, S.-C., McGowen, M.R., Lubinsky, P., Barber, J.C., Mort, M.E. & Santos-Guerra, A. (2008). Timing and tempo of early and successive adaptive radiations in Macaronesia. PLoS ONE, 3: e2139.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Littler, M.M. (1980). Overview of the rocky intertidal systems of southern California. In The California Islands: Proceedings of a Multidisciplinary Symposium (Power, D.M., editor), 265–306. Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara.
   Google Scholar
• Machín-Sánchez, M., Gil-Rodríguez, M.C. & Haroun, R. (2018). Phylogeography of the red algal Laurencia complex in the Macaronesia region and nearby coastal areas: recent advances and future perspectives. Diversity, 10: 10.
   Google Scholar
• Maggs, C.A. & Hommersand, M.H. (1993). Seaweeds of the British Isles. Volume 1. Rhodophyta. Part 3A. Ceramiales. HMSO, London.
   Google Scholar
• Mei, J. & Schiel, D.R. (2007). Survival strategies in Polysiphonia adamsiae and P. strictissima (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae) subjected to sediment deposition and grazing pressure. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 41: 325–334.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neto, A.I. (1994). Checklist of the benthic marine macroalgae of the Azores. Arquipélago, 12A: 15–34.
   Google Scholar
• O'Brien, J.M. & Scheibling, R.E. (2018). Turf wars: competition between foundation and turf-forming species on temperate and tropical reefs and its role in regime shifts. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 590: 1–17.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pardo, C., Lopez, L., Peña, V., Hernández-Kantún, J., Le Gall, L., Bárbara, I. & Barreiro, R. (2014). A multilocus species delimitation reveals a striking number of species of coralline algae forming maerl in the OSPAR maritime area. PLoS ONE, 9: e104073.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pasella, M.M., Verbruggen, H., Nelson, W.A. & Díaz-Tapia, P. (2019) The phylogenetic position of the morphologically unusual Pleurostichidium falkenbergii (Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta) based on plastid phylogenomics. Phycologia, 58: 319–325.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phillips, L.E. (2000). Taxonomy of the New Zealand-endemic genus Pleurostichidium (Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta). Journal of Phycology, 36: 773–786.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Piñeiro-Corbeira, C., Maggs, C.A., Rindi, F., Bunker, F., Baldock, L. & Díaz-Tapia, P. (2020a). Molecular assessment of the tribes Streblocladieae and Polysiphonieae (Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta) in the British Isles reveals new records and species that require taxonomic revision. Cryptogamie, Algologie, 41: 55–72.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Piñeiro-Corbeira, C., Verbruggen, H. & Díaz-Tapia, P. (2020b). Molecular survey of the red algal family Rhodomelaceae (Ceramiales, Rhodophyta) in Australia reveals new introduced species. Journal of Applied Phycology, 32: 2535–2547.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Price, I.R. & Scott, F.J. (1992). The turf algal flora of the Great Barrier Reef. Part I. Rhodophyta. Botany Department, James Cook University, Townsville.
   Google Scholar
• Rojas-González, B. (1997). Estudio de las especies de la familia Rhodomelaceae (Rhodophyta), con exclusión de las tribus Chondrieae y Laurencieae, en las Islas Canarias. Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna.
   Google Scholar
• Sansón, M. (1991). Estudio de las especies de la familia Ceramiaceae (Rhodophyta) en las Islas Canarias. Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna.
   Google Scholar
• Sartoni, G. (1992). Stichothamnion cymatophilum (Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta) a new record for Mediterranean algal flora. Cryptogamie, Algologie, 13: 39–43.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saunders, G.W. & Lehmkuhl, K.V. (2005). Molecular divergence and morphological diversity among four cryptic species of Plocamium (Plocamiales, Florideophyceae) in northern Europe. European Journal of Phycology, 40: 293–312.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Savoie, A.M. & Saunders, G.W. (2016). A molecular phylogenetic and DNA barcode assessment of the tribe Pterosiphonieae (Ceramiales, Rhodophyta) emphasizing the Northeast Pacific. Botany, 94: 917–939.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Savoie, A.M. & Saunders, G.W. (2019). A molecular assessment of species diversity and generic boundaries in the red algal tribes Polysiphonieae and Streblocladieae (Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta) in Canada. European Journal of Phycology, 54: 1–25.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmidt, O.C. (1929). Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Meeresalgen der Azoren. II. Hedwigia, 69: 165–72.
   Google Scholar
• Schneider, C.W., Quach, P.K. & Lane, C.E. (2017). A case for true morphological crypsis: Pacific Dasya anastomosans and Atlantic D. cryptica sp. nov. (Dasyaceae, Rhodophyta). Phycologia, 56: 359–368.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soares, L.P., Guimarães S.M.P. de B., Toyota Fujii, M., Yoneshigue-Valentin, Y., Sousa Batista, M.G. & Yokoya, N.S. (2020). Rhodachlya westii sp. nov. (Rhodachlyales, Rhodophyta), a new species from Brazil, revealed by an integrative taxonomic approach. Phycologia, 59: 346–354.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stamatakis, A. (2014). RAxML version 8: a tool for phylogenetic analysis and post-analysis of large phylogenies. Bioinformatics, 30: 1312–1313.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stegenga, H., Bolton, J.J. & Anderson, R.J. (1997). Seaweeds of the South African West Coast. Bolus Herbarium, University of Cape Town, Cape Town.
   Google Scholar
• Stewart, J.G. (1982). Anchor species and epiphytes in intertidal algal turf. Pacific Science, 36: 45−59.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stuercke, B. & Freshwater, D.W. (2008). Consistency of morphological characters used to delimit Polysiphonia sensu lato species (Ceramiales, Florideophyceae): analyses of North Carolina, USA specimens. Phycologia, 47: 541–559.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tuya, F. & Haroun, R. (2006). Spatial patterns and response to wave exposure of shallow water algal assemblages across the Canarian Archipelago: a multi-scaled approach. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 311: 15–28.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vroman, M. (1967). A new species of Stichothamnion (Rhodophyta) from the West Indies. Acta Botanica Neerlandica, 15: 557–561.
   Google Scholar
• Walker, R.H., Brodie, J., Russell, S., Irvine, L.M. & Orfanidis, S. (2009). Biodiversity of coralline algae in the northeastern Atlantic including Corallina caespitosa sp. nov. (Corallinoideae, Rhodophyta). Journal of Phycology, 45: 287–297.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wallenstein, F.M., Terra, M.R., Pombo, J. & Neto, A.I. (2009). Macroalgal turfs in the Azores. Marine Ecology, 30: 113–117.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weber-van Bosse, A. (1911). Notice sur quelques genres nouveaux d’algues de l’Archipel Malaisien. Annales du Jardin Botanique de Buitenzorg, 24: 25–33.
   Google Scholar
• Weber-van Bosse, A. (1913). Marine algae. Rhodophyceae, of the “Sealark” Expedition, collected by Mr. J. Stanley Gardiner, M.A. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, Second Series, Botany, 8: 105–142.
   Google Scholar
• Zuccarello, G.C. & West, J.A. (2003). Multiple cryptic species: molecular diversity and reproductive isolation in the Bostrychia radicans / B. moritziana complex (Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta) with focus on North American isolates. Journal of Phycology, 39: 948–959.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar