Larval performance of the pyralid borer Eldana saccharina Walker and stalk damage in sugarcane: Influence of plant silicon, cultivar and feeding site

References

• Alvarez , J and Datnoff , L E . 2001 . “ The economics of silicon for integrated management and sustainable production of rice and sugarcane ” . In Silicon in agriculture , Edited by: Datnoff , L E , Snyder , G H and Korndorfer , G H . 221 – 239 . Amsterdam : Elsevier Science .
   Google Scholar
• Anderson , D L and Sosa , O JR . 2001 . Effect of silicon on expression of resistance to sugarcane borer (Diatraea saccharalis) . Journal of the American Society of Sugar Cane Technologists , 21 : 43 – 50 .
   Google Scholar
• Anon . 2005a . South African Sugar Industry Directory , Mount Edgecombe : South African Sugar Association .
   Google Scholar
• Anon . Local Pest and Disease and Variety Control Committee Chairmen's Annual Steering Committee Meeting 2004/05 . Mt. Edgecombe : South African Sugarcane Research Institute .
   Google Scholar
• Atkinson , P R . 1979 . Distribution and natural hosts of Eldana saccharina Walker in Natal, its oviposition sites and feeding patterns . Proceedings of the South African Sugar Technologists' Association , 53 : 111 – 115 .
   Google Scholar
• Atkinson , P R . 1980 . On the biology, distribution and natural host-plants of Eldana saccharina Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) . Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa , 43 : 171 – 194 .
   Google Scholar
• Atkinson , P R . 1984 . Seasonal cycles of eldana borer in relation to available control measures . Proceedings of the South African Sugar Technologists' Association , 58 : 165 – 167 .
   Google Scholar
• Atkinson , P R , Carnegie , A JM and Smaill , R J . 1981 . A history of the outbreaks of Eldana saccharina Walker, in Natal . Proceedings of the South African Sugar Technologists' Association , 55 : 111 – 115 .
   Google Scholar
• Basagli , M AB , Moraes , J C , Carvalho , G A , Ecole , C C and Gonçalves-Gervásio R de , C R . 2003 . Effects of sodium silicate application on the resistance of wheat plants to the green-aphid Schizaphis graminum (Rond.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) . Neotropical Entomology , 32 : 659 – 663 .
   Google Scholar
• Bélanger , R R , Benhamou , N and Menzies , J G . 2003 . Cytological evidence of an active role of silicon in wheat resistance to powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f . sp tritici). Phytopathology , 93 : 402 – 412 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blum , A . 1968 . Anatomical phenomena in seedlings of sorghum varieties resistant to sorghum shoot fly Atherigona varia socata . Crop Science , 8 : 388 – 391 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boss , P K , Gardner , R C , Janssen , B -J and Ross , G S . 1995 . An apple polyphenol oxidase cDNA is up-regulated in wounded tissues . Plant Molecular Biology , 27 : 429 – 433 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carnegie , A JM . 1974 . A recrudescence of the borer Eldana saccharina Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) . Proceedings of the South African Sugar Technologists' Association , 48 : 107 – 110 .
   Google Scholar
• Carvalho , S P , Moraes , J C and Carvalho , J G . 1999 . Efeito do silício na resistência do sorgo (Sorghum bicolor) ao pulgão-verde Schizaphis graminum (Rond.) (Homoptera: Aphididae) . Anais da Sociedade Entomológica do Brasil , 28 : 505 – 510 .
   Google Scholar
• Chérif , M , Asselin , A and Bélanger , R R . 1994 . Defense responses induced by soluble silicon in cucumber roots infected by Pythium spp . Phytopathology , 84 : 236 – 242 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coburn , G E and Hensley , S D . 1972 . Differential survival of Diatraea saccharalis (F.) larvae on 2 varieties of sugarcane . Proceedings of the International Society of Sugarcane Technologists , 14 : 440 – 444 .
   Google Scholar
• Conlong , D E . 1997 . Biological control of Eldana saccharina Walker in South African sugarcane: constraints identified from 15 years of research . Insect Science and its Application , 17 : 69 – 78 .
   Google Scholar
• Conlong , D E . 2001 . Biological control of indigenous African stemborers: what do we know? Insect Science and its Application , 21 : 267 – 274 .
   Google Scholar
• Correa , R SB , Moraes , J C , Auad , A M and Carvalho , G A . 2005 . Silicon and acibenzolar-s-methyl as resistance inducers in cucumber, against the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) Biotype B . Neotropical Entomology , 34 : 429 – 433 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• David , H and Joseph , K J . 1984 . Mechanism of resistance in sugarcane against the internode borer, Chilo sacchariphagus indicus (Kapur.) . Proceedings of the Sugar Technologists Association of India , 48 : 43 – 58 .
   Google Scholar
• Deren , C W , Glaz , B and Snyder , G H . 1993 . Leaf-tissue silicon content of sugarcane genotypes grown in Everglades histosols . Journal of Plant Nutrition , 16 : 2273 – 2280 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Djamin , A and Pathak , M D . 1967 . Role of silica in resistance to Asiatic rice borer, Chilo suppressalis Walker, in rice varieties . Journal of Economic Entomology , 60 : 347 – 351 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fauteux , F , Rémus-Borel , W , Menzies , J G and Bélanger , R R . 2005 . Silicon and plant disease resistance against pathogenic fungi . FEMS Microbiology Letters , 249 : 1 – 6 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fox , R L , Silva , J A , Younge , O R , Plucknet , D L and Sherman , G D . 1967 . Soil and plant silicate response by sugarcane . Soil Science Society of America Proceedings , 6 : 775 – 779 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Genstat . 2005 . Genstat , 8th ed , VSN International Ltd .
   Google Scholar
• Gillespie , D Y . 1993 . Development of mass-rearing methods for the sugarcane borer Eldana saccharina (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) II: diet gelling agents . Proceedings of the South African Sugar Technologists' Association , 67 : 127 – 129 .
   Google Scholar
• Girling , D J . 1978 . The distribution and biology of Eldana saccharina Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and its relationship to other stem-borers in Uganda . Bulletin of Entomological Research , 68 : 471 – 488 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gomes , F B , Moraes JC , de , Santos CD , de and Goussain , M M . 2005 . Resistance induction in wheat plants by silicon and aphids . Scientia Agricola , 62 : 547 – 551 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goussain , M M , Moraes , J C , Carvalho , J G , Nogueira , N L and Rossi , M L . 2002 . Efeito da aplicação de silício em plantas de milho no desenvolvimento biológico da lagarta-do-cartucho Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E . Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Neotropical Entomology , 31 : 305 – 310 .
   Google Scholar
• Hanifa , A M , Subramaniam , T R and Ponnaiya , B WX . 1974 . Role of silica in resistance to the leafroller, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenee, in rice . Indian Journal of Experimental Biology , 12 : 463 – 465 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heinze , B S , Thokoane , L N , Williams , N J , Barnes , J M and Rutherford , R S . 2001 . The smut-sugarcane interaction as a model system for the integration of marker discovery and gene isolation programmes . Proceedings of the South African Sugar Technologists' Association , 75 : 88 – 93 .
   Google Scholar
• Kaufman , P B , Takeoka , Y , Carlson , T J , Bigelow , W C , Jones , J D , Moore , P H and Ghosheh , N S . 1979 . Studies on silica deposition in sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) using scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-Ray analysis, neutron activation analysis, and light microscopy . Phytomorphology , 29 : 185 – 193 .
   Google Scholar
• Keeping , M G and Meyer , J H . 2002 . Calcium silicate enhances resistance of sugarcane to the African stalk borer Eldana saccharina Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) . Agricultural and Forest Entomology , 4 : 265 – 274 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keeping , M G and Meyer , J H . 2006 . Silicon-mediated resistance of sugarcane to Eldana saccharina Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae): effects of silicon source and cultivar . Journal of Applied Entomology , 130 : 410 – 420 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keeping , M G and Rutherford , R S . 2004 . Resistance mechanisms of South African sugarcane to the African stalk borer Eldana saccharina (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae): a review . Proceedings of the South African Sugar Technologists' Association , 78 : 307 – 311 .
   Google Scholar
• Kvedaras , O L , Keeping , M G , Goebel , R and Byrne , M . 2005 . Effects of silicon on the African stalk borer, Eldana saccharina (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in sugarcane . Proceedings of the South African Sugar Technologists' Association , 79 : 359 – 362 .
   Google Scholar
• Kvedaras , O L , Keeping , M G , Goebel , F. -R and Byrne , M J . 2007 . Water stress augments silicon-mediated resistance of susceptible sugarcane cultivars to the stalk borer, Eldana saccharina Walker , Vol. 97 , 175 – 183 . Pyralidae : Lepidoptera . Bulletin of Entomological Research
   Google Scholar
• Kyle , M L and Hensley , S D . 1970 . Sugarcane borer host plant resistance studies . Proceedings of the Louisiana Academy of Sciences , 33 : 55 – 67 .
   Google Scholar
• Laing , M D and Adandonon , A . Silicon and insect management – review . Proceedings of the III Silicon in Agriculture Conference . Uberlândia , , Brazil : Federal University of Uberlândia . Uberlândia, Brazil, 22 – 26 October 2005
   Google Scholar
• Leslie , G W . 1982 . A study of egg predators of Eldana saccharina Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) . Proceedings of the South African Sugar Technologists' Association , 56 : 85 – 87 .
   Google Scholar
• Leslie , G W . 1988 . The identification and importance of predators of Eldana saccharina (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) . Proceedings of the South African Sugar Technologists' Association , 62 : 124 – 128 .
   Google Scholar
• Leslie , G W . 1993 . Dispersal behaviour of neonate larvae of the pyralid sugarcane borer Eldana saccharina . Proceedings of the South African Sugar Technologists' Association , 67 : 122 – 126 .
   Google Scholar
• Lux , A , Luxova , M , Hattori , T , Inanaga , S and Sugimoto , Y . 2002 . Silicification in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) cultivars with different drought tolerance . Physiologia Plantarum , 115 : 87 – 92 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma , J F , Miyake , Y and Takahashi , E . 2001 . “ Silicon as a beneficial element for crop plants ” . In Silicon in Agriculture , Edited by: Datnoff , L E , Snyder , G H and Korndorfer , G H . 17 – 39 . Amsterdam : Elsevier Science .
   Google Scholar
• Mazodze , R and Conlong , D E . 2003 . Eldana saccharina (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in sugarcane (Saccharum hybrids), sedge (Cyperus digitatus) and bulrush (Typha latifolia) in South-Eastern Zimbabwe . Proceedings of the South African Sugar Technologists' Association , 77 : 266 – 274 .
   Google Scholar
• Meagher , R L Jr , Irvine , J E , Breene , R G , Pfannenstiel , R S and Gallo-Meagher , M . 1996 . Resistance mechanisms of sugarcane to Mexican rice borer (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) . Journal of Economic Entomology , 89 ( 2 ) : 539 – 543 .
   Google Scholar
• Microsoft® Office Excel . 2003 . Microsoft Excel (Windows), Proprietary EULA .
   Google Scholar
• Miller , B S , Robinson , R J , Johnson , J A , Jones , E T and Ponnaiya , B WX . 1960 . Studies on the relation between silica in wheat plants and resistance to Hessian-fly . Journal of Economic Entomology , 53 : 995 – 999 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moraes , J C , Goussain , M M , Basagli , M AB , Carvalho , G A , Ecole , C C and Sampaio , M V . 2004 . Silicon influence on the tritrophic interaction: Wheat plants, the greenbug Schizaphis graminum (Rondani) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), and its natural enemies, Chrysoperla externa (Hagen) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) and Aphidius colemani Viereck (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) . Neotropical Entomology , 33 : 619 – 624 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Panda , N and Khush , G S . 1995 . Host Plant Resistance to Insects , Wallingford : CAB International .
   Google Scholar
• Peterson , S S , Scriber , J M and Coors , J G . 1988 . Silica, cellulose and their interactive effects on the feeding performance of the southern armyworm Spodoptera eridania (Cramer) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) . Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society , 61 : 169 – 177 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reagan , T E and Martin , F A . Plant resistance: a key management tool for control of the sugarcane borer in Louisiana . Proceedings of the Third Inter-American Sugarcane Seminar: Varieties and Breeding . pp. 13 – 22 .
   Google Scholar
• Reagan , T E and Posey , F R . 2001 . Potential impact of sugarcane varietal changes on insect pest management in Louisiana . Journal of the American Society of Sugar Cane Technologists , 21 : 152 – 153 .
   Google Scholar
• Rutherford , R S . 1998a . The effect of selected protease inhibitors and lectins in artificial diet on survival and growth of Eldana saccharina larvae . Proceedings of the South African Sugar Technologists' Association , 72 : 91 – 93 .
   Google Scholar
• Rutherford , R S . 1998b . Prediction of resistance in sugarcane to stalk borer Eldana saccharina by near-infrared spectroscopy on crude budscale extracts: involvement of chlorogenates and flavonoids . Journal of Chemical Ecology , 24 : 1447 – 1463 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rutherford , R S , Meyer , J H , Smith , G S and Van Staden , J . 1993 . Resistance to Eldana saccharina (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in sugarcane and some phytochemical correlations . Proceedings of the South African Sugar Technologists' Association , 67 : 82 – 87 .
   Google Scholar
• Rutherford , R S and Van Staden , J . 1996 . Towards a rapid near-infrared technique for prediction of resistance to sugarcane borer Eldana saccharina Walker (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae) using stalk surface wax . Journal of Chemical Ecology , 22 : 681 – 694 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salim , M and Saxena , R C . 1992 . Iron, silica, and aluminum stresses and varietal resistance in rice: effects on whitebacked planthopper . Crop Science , 32 : 212 – 219 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sangster , A G , Hodson , M J and Tubb , H J . 2001 . “ Silicon deposition in higher plants ” . In Silicon in Agriculture , Edited by: Datnoff , L E , Snyder , G H and Korndorfer , G H . 85 – 113 . Amsterdam : Elsevier Science .
   Google Scholar
• Savant , N K , Korndörfer , G H , Datnoff , L E and Snyder , G H . 1999 . Silicon nutrition and sugarcane production: A review . Journal of Plant Nutrition , 22 : 1853 – 1903 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schoonhoven , L M , Jermy , T and Van Loon , J JA . 1998 . Insect-Plant Biology London: Chapman & Hall
   Google Scholar
• Steel , R GD , Torrie , J H and Dickey , D. 1997 . Principles and procedures of statistics: a biometrical approach , 3rd ed New York: McGraw-Hill
   Google Scholar
• Subbarao , D V and Perraju , A . 1976 . Resistance in some rice strains to first-instar larvae of Tryporyza incertulas (Walker) in relation to plant nutrients and anatomical structure of the plants . International Rice Research Newsletter , 1 : 14 – 15 .
   Google Scholar
• Tucker , R WE . 1933 . Varietal factors in cane which may influence extent of oviposition by D. saccharalis and a possible method for determining varietal susceptibility to borer attack . Agricultural Journal of the Department of Science and Agriculture, Barbados , 2 : 53 – 59 .
   Google Scholar
• Walker , J RL . 1980 . Enzyme isolation from plants and the phenolic problem . Whats new in plant physiology , 11 : 33 – 36 .
   Google Scholar
• Way , M . 2004 . Annual Local Pest and Disease and Variety Control Committee Pest Report , Mount Edgecombe , , South Africa : South African Sugarcane Research Institute .
   Google Scholar
• White , W H . 1993 . Movement and establishment of sugarcane borer (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) larvae on resistant and susceptible sugarcane . Florida Entomologist , 76 : 465 – 473 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zalucki , M P , Clarke , A R and Malcolm , S B . 2002 . Ecology and behavior of first instar larval Lepidoptera . Annual Review of Entomology , 47 : 361 – 393 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar