Comparative observations on the pest and disease incidence and yield losses of Japonica, Indica and Japonica × Indica rices

References

• BARR , B. A. , KOEHLER , C. S. and SMITH , R. F. 1975 . Crop losses. Rice: Field losses to insects, diseases, weeds and other pests . UC/AID Report , Pest Management and Related Environmental Project
   Google Scholar
• CARINO , F. 0. , KENMORE , P. E. and DYCK , V. A. 1979 . The Farmcop suction samples for hoppers and predators in flooded rice fields . International Rice Research Newsletter , 4 : 21 – 25 .
   Google Scholar
• CHANG , W. L. 1962 . Tainung 68, the first BPH‐resistant Japonica cultivar developed in Taiwan . International Rice Research Newsletter , 7 : 8
   Google Scholar
• DAHAL , G. and HIBINO , H. 1985 . Varieties with different resistance to tungro (RTV) and green leaf hoppper (GLH) . International Rice Research Institute Newsletter , 19 : 5 – 6 .
   Google Scholar
• DAYNARD , T. D. , ELLIS , C. R. , BOLWYN , B. and MISNER , R. L. 1975 . Effects of carbofuran on grain yield of corn . Canadian Journal of Plant Science , 55 : 637 – 639 .
   Google Scholar
• FARRINGTON , J. 1977 . Economic thresholds of insect pest infestation in peasant agriculture: a question of applicability . Pest Article News Summary , 23 : 143 – 148 .
   Google Scholar
• GOH , H. G. , LEE , J. O. , KIM , Y. H. and KIM , G. G. 1983 . Japonica cultivars are more susceptible to brown planthopper biotype 1 than Tongil hybrid . International Rice Research Newsletter , 8 : 6
   Google Scholar
• HARDAS , M. G. , SUPARE , N. R. and KARANJKAR , R. R. 1972 . Influence of modern systemic insecticides on the development of grain sorghum . Sorghum Newsletter , 15 : 81 – 83 .
   Google Scholar
• HEINRICHS , E. A. and RAPUSAS , H. 1983 . Correlation of resistance to the green leafhopper, Nephotettix virescens (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) with tungro virus infection in rice varieties having different genes for resistance . Environmental Entomology , 12 : 201 – 205 .
   Google Scholar
• HEINRICHS , E. A. , CHELLIAH , S. , VALENCIA , L. , ARCEO , M. B. , FABELLAR , L. T. , AQUINO , G. B. and PICK , S. 1981 . Manual for Testing Insecticides on Rice , Los Banos, , Philippines : International Rice Research Institute .
   Google Scholar
• ISRAEL , P. and ABRAHAM , T. P. 1967 . “ Techniques for assessing crop losses caused by rice stemborers in tropical areas ” . In The Major Insect Pests of Rice Plant , 265 – 275 . Baltimore : Johns Hopkins University Press .
   Google Scholar
• KM , Y. H. , LEE , J. O. and GOH , H. G. 1986 . Resistance of Tongil (Japonica × Indica) and Japonica varieties to Chilo supper‐ssalis W . Rural Development , 28 : 90 – 93 .
   Google Scholar
• KUSHWAHA , K. S. , MRIG , K. K. and KAPOOR , T. R. 1986 . Studies on the avoidable losses caused by whitebacked planthopper Sogatella furcifera Horvath on rice protected at different growth stages after different insecticide treatments . Tropical Pest Management , 32a : 21 – 23 .
   Google Scholar
• LING , K. C. 1969 . Virus disease of rice in the Philippines and their effect on yield . Science Review , 10 : 23 – 30 .
   Google Scholar
• MORISHIMA , H. 1969 . Differentiation of pathogenic races of Piricularia oryzae into two groups, ‘Indica’ and ‘Japonica’ . SABRAO Newsletter , 1 : 81 – 94 .
   Google Scholar
• NAMATO , H. , YOKOO , M. and KANEDA , C. 1986 . Breeding Japonica lines with brown planthopper (BPH) resistance . International Rice Research Newsletter , 11 : 9
   Google Scholar
• NAYEEM , K. A. and BAPAT , D. R. 1976 . Harmonic effect of carbofuran on growth and developmnt of sorghum . Sorghum Newsletter , 19 : 59 – 60 .
   Google Scholar
• OKA , H. I. 1988 . Origin of Cultivated Rice , Tokyo : Japan Scientific Societies Press .
   Google Scholar
• PATHAK , M. D. and SAXENA , R. C. 1980 . “ Breeding approaches in rice ” . In Breeding Plants Resistant to Insects , Edited by: Maxwell , F. G. and Jennings , I. R. 421 – 455 . John Wiley & Sons .
   Google Scholar
• TSAI , W. F. 1978 . Effect of carbaryl on rice growth and nitrogen metabolism . Journal of the Agricultural Association of China , 102 : 43 – 47 .
   Google Scholar
• UKWUNGWU , M. N. and ODEBIYI , J. A. 1984 . Yield losses in Resistant and Susceptible varieties of rice in Nigeria due to Chilo zacconius and other stem borers . Tropical Pest Management , 30 : 291 – 295 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VENUGOPAL , M. S. and LITSINGER , J. A. 1984 . Carbofuran and rice growth . Protection Ecology , 7 : 313 – 317 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• To whom correspondence should be addressed.
   Google Scholar