Comparative biology of Mallada desjardinsi (navas) and Chrysoperla congrua (walker) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), predators of Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and aphis gossypii (glover) (Homoptera: Aphididae) on cotton in eastern Tanzania

References

• BIGLER , F. 1984 . “ Biological and integrated control by chrysopids ” . In Biology of Chrysopidae , Edited by: Canard , M. , Semeria , Y. and New , T. R. 233 – 246 . The Hague : Dr Junk .
   Google Scholar
• BRETTELL , J. H. 1979 . Green lacewings (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) of cotton fields in Central Rhodesia. 1. Biology of Chrysopa boninensis(Okamoto) and loxicity of certain insecticides to the larva . Rhodesia Journal of Agricultural Research , 17 : 141 – 150 .
   Google Scholar
• BRETTELL , J. H. 1982 . Biology of Chrysopa congrua(Walker) and Chrysopa pudica(Navas) and toxicity of certain insecticides to their larvae . Zimbabwe Journal of Agricultural Research , 20 : 77 – 150 .
   Google Scholar
• CAMPOS , M. J. 1990 . Biological aspects of Ceraeochrysa cubana(Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) and selectivity of acaricides to the predator in the laboratory . Neuroptera International , 6 : 85
   Google Scholar
• FLESCHNER , C. A. 1950 . Studies on searching capacity of the larvae of three predators of the citrus red mite . Hilgardia , 20 : 233 – 265 .
   Google Scholar
• GRAFTON‐CARDWELL , E. E. and HOY , M. A. 1985 . Short term effects of permethrin and fenvalerate on oviposition by Chrysoperla carnea(Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) . Journal of Economic Entomology , 78 : 955 – 959 .
   Google Scholar
• KABISSA , J. C. B. 1993 . Studies on the biology and ecology of chrysopid predators (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) of Helicoverpa armigera(Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and Aphis gossypii(Glover) (Homoptera: Aphididae) on cotton, Gossypium hirsutum(L) in Eastern Tanzania , University of Dar es Salaam . . PhD thesis
   Google Scholar
• KABISSA , J. C. B. 1994 . Comparative information on the local abundance of two pests, Helicoverpa armigera(Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and Aphis gossypii(Glover) (Homoptera: Aphididae) and selected predators on cotton In Eastern Tanzania (In press).
   Google Scholar
• KABISSA , J. C. B. , SELEMANI , E. and FUNDI , F. 1989 . New records of Ceratochrysa antica, Mallada boninensisBrinckochrysasp. near stenoptera(Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) from Tanzania . Tropical Pest Management , 35 : 206 – 207 .
   Google Scholar
• LEWIS , W. J. , NORDLUND , D. A. , GROSS , H. R. and JONES , R. L. 1977 . Kairomones and their use for the management of entomophagous |insects. V. Moth scales as a stimulus for predation of Heliothis zea(Boddie) eggs by Chrysopa carnea(Stephens) larvae . Journal of Chemical Ecology , 3 : 483 – 487 .
   Google Scholar
• MORRISON , R. K. 1985 . “ Neuroptera: Chrysoperla carnea. ” . In Handbook of Insect Rearing , Edited by: Singh , P. and Moore , R. E. Vol. 1 , 419 – 426 . Amsterdam : Elsevier .
   Google Scholar
• NEW , T. R. 1975 . The biology of chrysopidae and hemerobiidae (Neuroptera) with reference to their usage as biocontrol agents: a review . Tranactions of Royal Entomological Society of London , 127 : 115 – 140 .
   Google Scholar
• NEW , T. R. 1984 . “ Ecology on field crops ” . In Biology of Chrysopidae , Edited by: Canard , M. , Semeria , Y. and New , T. R. 160 – 166 . The Hague : Dr Junk .
   Google Scholar
• NYAMBO , B. T. 1990 . Effects of natural enemies on the bollworm, Heliothis armigera(Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in western Tanzania . Tropical Pest Management , 36 : 50 – 58 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PEARSON , E. O. 1958 . The Insect Pests of Cotton in Tropical Africa , London : Empire Cotton Grower's Corporation and Commonwealth Institute of Entomology .
   Google Scholar
• PRINCIPI , M. M. and CANARD , M. 1984 . “ Life histories and behaviour ” . In Biology of Chrysopidae , Edited by: Canard , M. , Semeria , Y. and New , T. R. 57 – 75 . The Hague : Dr Junk .
   Google Scholar
• REED , W. 1965 . Heliothis armigera(Hb) (Noctuidae) in Western Tanganyika. II—Ecology and natural and chemical control . Bulletin of Entomological Research , 56 : 127 – 140 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RIBERIO , M. J. 1990 . Biology of Chrysoperla externa(Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) fed with different diets . Neuroptera International , 6 : 85 – 86 .
   Google Scholar
• ROBERTSON , I. A. D. 1973 . Notes on the insect parasites of some lepidopteran pests in Tanzania . East Africa Agriculture and Forestry Journal , 39 : 82 – 93 .
   Google Scholar
• SUNDBY , R. A. 1966 . A comparative study of the efficiency of three predatory insects Coccinella septempunctata.L. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), Chrysopa carnea(Stephens) (Nueroptera: Chrysopidae) and Syrphus ribesiiL. (Diptera: Syrphidae) at two temperatures . Entomophaga , 11 : 395 – 404 .
   Google Scholar
• TULISALO , U. 1984 . “ Mass rearing techniques ” . In Biology of Chrysopidae , Edited by: Canard , M. , Semeria , Y. and New , T. R. 213 – 219 . The Hague : Dr Junk .
   Google Scholar
• Present address: Agricultural Research and Training Institute, Ukiriguru, PO Box 1433 Mwanza, Tanzania.
   Google Scholar