Tumour necrosis factor blocking agents: a new therapeutic modality for inflammatory disorders

References

• Tracey KJ. Tumour necrosis factor-alpha. In: Thomson A, ed. The cytokine handbook. London: Academic Press,1996: 289–304.
   Google Scholar
• Pennica D, Nedwin GE, Hayflick JS et al. Human tumour necrosis factor: precursor structure, expression and homology to lymphotoxin. Nature 1984; 312(5996): 724–9.
   Google Scholar
• Chu CQ, Field M, Feldmann M, Maini RN. Localization of tumor necrosis factor alpha in synovial tissues and at the cartilagepannus junction in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 199; 34: 1125–32.
   Google Scholar
• Bazzoni F, Beutler B. The tumor necrosis factor ligand and receptor families. N Engl J Med 1996; 334: 1717–25.
   Google Scholar
• Jones EY, Stuart DI, Walker N. Structure of tumour necrosis factor. Nature 1989; 338(6212): 225–8.
   Google Scholar
• Flynn JL, Goldstein MM, Chan J et al. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha is required in the protective immune response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis in mice. Immunity 1995; 2: 561–72.
   Google Scholar
• Turner J, Frank AA, Brooks JV, Marietta PM, Orme IM. Pentoxifylline treatment of mice with chronic pulmonary tuberculosis accelerates the development of destructive pathology. Immunology 2001; 102: 248–53.
   Google Scholar
• Keane J, Gershon S, Wise RP et al. Tuberculosis associated with infliximab, a tumor necrosis factor alpha-neutralizing agent. N Engl J Med 2001; 345: 1098–104.
   Google Scholar
• Skoog T, Dichtl W, Boquist S et al. Plasma tumour necrosis factor-alpha and early carotid atherosclerosis in healthy middle-aged men. Eur Heart J 2002; 23: 376–83.
   Google Scholar
• Ferrari R. The role of TNF in cardiovascular disease. Pharmacol Res 1999; 40: 97–105.
   Google Scholar
• Ceconi C, Curello S, Bachetti T, Corti A, Ferrari R. Tumor necrosis factor in congestive heart failure: a mechanism of disease for the new millennium? Prog Cardiovasc Dis 1998; 41 (Suppl 1): 25–30.
   Google Scholar
• Arend WP. The pathophysiology and treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 1997; 40: 595–7.
   Google Scholar
• Fox DA. The role of T cells in the immunopathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 1997; 40: 598–609.
   Google Scholar
• Keffer J, Probert L, Cazlaris H et al. Transgenic mice expressing human tumour necrosis factor: a predictive genetic model of arthritis. EMBO J 1991; 10: 4025–31.
   Google Scholar
• Feldmann M, Brennan FM, Maini RN. Role of cytokines in rheumatoid arthritis. Annu Rev Immunol 1996; 14: 397–440.
   Google Scholar
• Tetta C, Camussi G, Modena V, Di Vittorio C, Baglioni C. Tumour necrosis factor in serum and synovial fluid of patients with active and severe rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 1990; 49: 665–7.
   Google Scholar
• Husby G, Williams RC Jr. Synovial localization of tumor necrosis factor in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J Autoimmun 1988; 1: 363–71.
   Google Scholar
• Neidel J, Schulze M, Lindschau J. Association between degree of bone erosion and synovial fluid levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha in the knee joints of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Inflamm Res 1995; 44: 217–21.
   Google Scholar
• Feldmann M, Maini RN. Anti-TNF alpha therapy of rheumatoid arthritis: what have we learned? Annu Rev Immunol 2001; 19: 163–96.
   Google Scholar
• Jorgensen C, Apparailly F, Sany J. Immunological evaluation of cytokine and anticytokine immunotherapy in vivo: what have we learnt? Ann Rheum Dis 1999; 58: 136–141.
   Google Scholar
• Williams RO, Feldmann M, Maini RN. Anti-tumor necrosis factor ameliorates joint disease in murine collagen-induced arthritis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1992; 89: 9784–8.
   Google Scholar
• Piguet PF, Grau GE, Vesin C, Loetscher H, Gentz R, Lesslauer W. Evolution of collagen arthritis in mice is arrested by treatment with anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF) antibody or a soluble TNF receptor. Immunology 1992; 77: 510–4.
   Google Scholar
• Knight DM, Trinh H, Le J et al. Construction and initial characterization of a mouse-human chimeric anti-TNF antibody. Mol Immunol 1993; 30: 1443–53.
   Google Scholar
• Elliott MJ, Maini RN, Feldmann M et al. Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with chimeric monoclonal antibodies to tumor necrosis factor alpha. Arthritis Rheum 1993; 36: 1681–90.
   Google Scholar
• Elliott MJ, Maini RN, Feldmann M et al. Randomised double-blind comparison of chimeric monoclonal antibody to tumour necrosis factor alpha (cA2) versus placebo in rheumatoid arthritis. Lancet 1994; 344: 1105–10.
   Google Scholar
• Maini RN, Breedveld FC, Kalden JR et al. Therapeutic efficacy of multiple intravenous infusions of anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha monoclonal antibody combined with low-dose weekly methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 1998; 41: 1552–63.
   Google Scholar
• Maini R, St Clair EW, Breedveld F et al. Infliximab (chimeric anti-tumour necrosis factor alpha monoclonal antibody) versus placebo in rheumatoid arthritis patients receiving concomitant methotrexate: a randomised phase III trial. ATTRACT Study Group. Lancet 1999; 354: 1932–9.
   Google Scholar
• Mohler KM, Torrance DS, Smith CA et al. Soluble tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptors are effective therapeutic agents in lethal endotoxemia and function simultaneously as both TNF carriers and TNF antagonists. J Immunol 1993; 151: 1548–61.
   Google Scholar
• Moreland LW, Baumgartner SW, Schiff MH et al. Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with a recombinant human tumor necrosis factor receptor (p75)-Fc fusion protein. N Engl J Med 1997; 337: 141–7.
   Google Scholar
• Weinblatt ME, Kremer JM, Bankhurst AD et al. A trial of etanercept, a recombinant tumor necrosis factor receptor:Fc fusion protein, in patients with rheumatoid arthritis receiving methotrexate. N Engl J Med 1999; 340: 253–9.
   Google Scholar
• Lovell DJ, Giannini EH, Reiff A et al. Etanercept in children with polyarticular juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Pediatric Rheumatology Collaborative Study Group. N Engl J Med 2000; 342: 763–9.
   Google Scholar
• Furst DE, Keystone EC, Breedveld FC et al. Updated consensus statement on tumour necrosis factor blocking agents for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other rheumatic diseases (April 2001). Ann Rheum Dis 2001; Suppl 3: iii2–5.
   Google Scholar
• Mease PJ, Goffe BS, Metz J, VanderStoep A, Finck B, Burge DJ. Etanercept in the treatment of psoriatic arthritis and psoriasis: a randomised trial. Lancet 2000; 356: 385–90.
   Google Scholar
• Braun J, Brandt J, Listing J et al. Treatment of active ankylosing spondylitis with infliximab: a randomised controlled multicentre trial. Lancet 2002; 359: 1187–93.
   Google Scholar
• Derkx B, Taminiau J, Radema S et al. Tumour necrosis factor antibody treatment in Crohn’s disease. Lancet 1993; 342: 173–4.
   Google Scholar
• Targan SR, Hanauer SB, van Deventer SJ et al. A short-term study of chimeric monoclonal antibody cA2 to tumor necrosis factor alpha for Crohn’s disease. Crohn’s Disease cA2 Study Group. N Engl J Med 1997; 337: 1029–35.
   Google Scholar
• Present DH, Rutgeerts P, Targan S et al. Infliximab for the treatment of fistulas in patients with Crohn’s disease. N Engl J Med 1999; 340: 1398–405.
   Google Scholar
• van Deventer SJ. Anti-TNF antibody treatment of Crohn’s disease. Ann Rheum Dis 1999; 58 Suppl 1: I114–20.
   Google Scholar
• Sandborn WJ, Feagan BG, Hanauer SB et al. An engineered human antibody to TNF (CDP571) for active Crohn’s disease: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Gastroenterology 2001; 120: 1330–8.
   Google Scholar
• Ellmann MH, MacDonald PA, Hayes FA. Etanercept as treatment for diffuse scleroderma: a pilot study. Arthritis Rheum 2000; 43 (9 Suppl): S392.
   Google Scholar
• Saadeh CK. Etanercept is effective in the treatment of polymyositis/dermatomyositis which is refractory to conventional therapy including steroids and other disease-modifying agents. Arthritis Rheum 2000; 43 (9 Suppl): S193.
   Google Scholar
• Spencer-Green G. Etanercept (Enbrel): update on therapeutic use. Ann Rheum Dis 2000; 59 Suppl 1: I46–9.
   Google Scholar
• Baughman RP, Lower EE. Infliximab for refractory sarcoidosis. Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis 2001; 18: 70–4.
   Google Scholar
• Kadokami T, Frye C, Lemster B, Wagner CL, Feldman AM, McTiernan CF. Anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha antibody limits heart failure in a transgenic model. Circulation 2001; 104: 1094–7.
   Google Scholar
• Bozkurt B, Torre-Amione G, Warren MS et al. Results of targeted anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy with etanercept (ENBREL) in patients with advanced heart failure. Circulation 2001; 103: 1044–7.
   Google Scholar
• Harriman G, Harper LK, Schaible TF. Summary of clinical trials in rheumatoid arthritis using infliximab, an anti-TNFα treatment. Ann Rheum Dis 1999; 58 Suppl 1: I61–4
   Google Scholar
• Menghini VV, Arora AS. Infliximab-associated reversible cholestatic liver disease. Mayo Clin Proc 2001; 76: 84–6.
   Google Scholar
• Garrison L, McDonnell ND. Etanercept: therapeutic use in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 1999; 58 Suppl 1: I65–9.
   Google Scholar
• Shakoor N, Michalska M, Harris CA, Block JA. Drug-induced systemic lupus erythematosus associated with etanercept therapy. Lancet 2002; 359: 579–80.
   Google Scholar
• Scallon B, Cai A, Shealy D, Solowksi N, Song X, Wagner C. New comparisons of two types of TNFα antagonist approved for rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 2000; 43 (Suppl): S226.
   Google Scholar
• Choi HK, Seeger JD, Kuntz KM.A. Cost-effectiveness analysis of treatment options for patients with methotrexate-resistant rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 2000; 43: 2316–27.
   Google Scholar