Why parties politicise international institutions: On globalisation backlash and authority contestation

REFERENCES

• Allison, P. D. (2009) Fixed Effects Regression Models, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Alter, K. J. (1998) ‘Who Are the “Masters of the Treaty”? European Governments and the European Court of Justice’, International Organization, 52(1): 121–47.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson, C. J. and Kaltenthaler, K. C. (1996) ‘The Dynamics of Public Opinion Toward European Integration, 1973–93’, European Journal of International Relations, 2(2): 175–99.
   Google Scholar
• Archibugi, D. (2004) ‘Cosmopolitan Democracy and its Critics: A Review’, European Journal of International Relations, 10(3): 437–73.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aspinwall, M. (1998) ‘Collective Attraction – the New Political Game in Brussels’, in: J. Greenwood and M. Aspinwall (eds) Collective Action in the European Union. Interests and the New Politics of Associability, London: Routledge, pp. 196–213.
   Google Scholar
• Baldwin, D. A. (1980) ‘Interdependence and Power. A Conceptual Analysis’, International Organization, 34(4): 471–506.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bedoyan, I., Van Aelst, P. and Walgrave, S. (2004) ‘Limitations and Possibilities of Transnational Mobilization: The Case of EU Summit Protesters in Brussels 2001’, Mobilization, 9(1): 39–54.
   Google Scholar
• Benoit, K. and Laver, M. (2007) ‘Estimating Party Policy Positions: Comparing Expert Surveys and Hand-coded Content Analysis’, Electoral Studies, 26: 90–107.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blake, D. and Payton, A. (2008) ‘Voting Rules in International Organizations: Reflections of Power or Facilitators of Cooperation?’, paper presented at the ISA 49th Annual Convention, 26 March.
   Google Scholar
• Boehmer, C., Gartzke, E. and Nordstrom, T. (2004) ‘Do Intergovernmental Organizations Promote Peace?’, World Politics, 57(1): 1–38.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Börzel, T. (2005) ‘Mind the Gap! European Integration between Level and Scope’, Journal of European Public Policy, 12(2): 1–20.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brambor, T., Clark, W. C. and Golder, M. (2006) ‘Understanding Interaction Models: Improving Empirical Analyses’, Political Analysis, 14(1): 63–82.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burgoon, B. (2009) ‘Globalization and Backlash: Polanyi's Revenge?’, Review of International Political Economy, 15(2): 145–78.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cameron, C. A. and Trivedi, P. K. (1998) Regression Analysis of Count Data, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Cooper, R. N. (1968) The Economics of Interdependence, New York, NY: McGraw Hill.
   Google Scholar
• Cooper, S., Hawkins, D., Jacoby, W. and Nielson, D. (2008) ‘Yielding Sovereignty to International Institutions: Bringing System Structure Back In’, International Studies Review, 10(3): 501–24.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Wilde, P. (2011) ‘No Polity for Old Politics? A Framework for Analyzing the Politicization of European Integration’, Journal of European Integration, 33(5): 559–75.
   Google Scholar
• della Porta, D. (2007) The Global Justice Movement: Cross-national and Transnational Perspectives, Boulder: Paradigm.
   Google Scholar
• della Porta, D. and Sidney, T. (2005) Transnational Protest and Global Activism, Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield.
   Google Scholar
• Deutsch, K. W., Burrell, S. A., Kann, R. A., Lee, M., Jr., Lichterman, M., Lindgren, R. E., Lowenheim, F. L. and Waagenen, R. W. (1957) Political Community and the North Atlantic Area : International Organization in the Light of Historical Experience, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Díez Medrano, J. and Braun, M. (2012) Uninformed citizens and support for free trade. Review of International Political Economy, 19(3): 448–476.
   Google Scholar
• Downs, A. (1957) An Economic Theory of Democracy, New York: Harper and Row.
   Google Scholar
• Ecker-Ehrhardt, M. (2012) ‘Cosmopolitan Politicization? Relating Public Perceptions of Interdependence and Expectations in Internationalized Governance’, European Journal of International Relations, 18(3): 481–508.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eichenberg, R. and Dalton, R. J. (2007) ‘Post-Maastricht Blues: The Transformation of Citizen Support for European Integration, 1973–2004’, Acta Politica, 42(2): 128–52.
   Google Scholar
• Falk, R. (1995) On Humane Governance. Toward a New Global Politics. The World Order Models Project Report of the Global Civilization Initiative, University Park, PA: The Pennsylvania State University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Furia, P. A. (2005) ‘Global Citizenship, Anyone? Cosmopolitanism, Privilege and Public Opinion’, Global Society, 19(4): 331–59.
   Google Scholar
• Gabel, M. (1998) Interests and Integration: Market Liberalization, Public Opinion, and European Union, Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.
   Google Scholar
• Gerhards, J., Roose, J. and Offerhaus, A. (2013) ‘Die Rekonfiguration von politischer Verantwortungszuschreibung im Rahmen staatlichen Wandels’, in: M. Zürn and M. Ecker-Ehrhardt (eds) Die Politisierung der Weltpolitik. Umkämpfte internationale Institutionen, Berlin: Suhrkamp, pp. 109–132.
   Google Scholar
• Haftel, Y. Z. and Thompson, A. (2006) ‘The Independence of International Organizations: Concepts and Applications’, Journal of Conflict Resolution, 50(2): 253–75.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hainmueller, J. and Hiscox, M. J. (2006) ‘Learning to Love Globalization: Education and Individual Attitudes Toward International Trade’, International Organization, 60(2): 469–98.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haupt, A. B. (2010) ‘Parties Responses to Economic Globalization’, Party Politics, 16(1): 5–27.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Held, D. (1995) Democracy and the Global Order. From the Modern State to Cosmopolitical Governance, Cambridge: Polity Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hix, S. and Lord, C. (1997) Political parties in the European Union, Basingstoke: Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Hooghe, L. and Marks, G. (2005) ‘Calculation, Community and Cues. Public Opinion on European Integration’, European Union Politics, 6(4): 419–43.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hooghe, L. and Marks, G. (2008) ‘A Post-functionalist Theory of European Integration: From Permissive Consensus to Constraining Dissensus’, British Journal of Political Science, 39(1): 1–23.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hooghe, L., Marks, G. and Wilson, C. J. (2002) ‘Does Left/Right Structure Party Positions on European Integration?’, Comparative Political Studies, 35(8): 965–89.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Imig, D. (2002) ‘Contestation in the Streets’, Comparative Political Studies, 35(8): 914–33.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kapstein, E. B. (2000) ‘Winners and Losers in the Global Economy’, International Organization, 54(2): 359–84.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaul, I., Conceicao, P., Le Goulven, K. and Mendoza, R. U. (2003) ‘Why Do Global Public Goods Matter Today?’, in: I. Kaul, P. Conceicao, K. Le Goulven and R. U. Mendoza (eds) Providing Global Public Goods. Managing Globalization, New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 2–20.
   Google Scholar
• Keck, M. E. and Sikkink, K. (1998) Activists Beyond Borders. Advocacy Networks in International Politics, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Keohane, R. O. and Nye, J. S., Jr. (1977) Power and Interdependence: World Politics in Transition, Boston: Little, Brown and Company.
   Google Scholar
• Klingemann, H. D., Volkens, A., Bara, J., Budge, I. and McDonald, M. (2006) Mapping Policy Preferences II. Estimates for Parties, Electors, and Governments in Central and Eastern Europe, European Union and OECD 1990–2003, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Koehn, P. H. and Rosenau, J. N. (2002) ‘Transnational Competence in an Emergent Epoch’, International Studies Perspective, 3(2): 105–27.
   Google Scholar
• Koopmans, R. and Statham, P. (2010) The Making of a European Public Sphere Media Discourse and Political Contention, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kriesi, H., Grande, E., Lachat, R., Dolezal, M., Bornschier, S. and Frey, T. (2008) West European Politics in the Age of Globalization, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kriesi, H., Grande, E., Dolezal, M., Helbling, M., Höglinger, D., Hutter, S. and Wüest, B. (2012) Political Conflict in Western Europe, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kuper, A. (2004) Democracy Beyond Borders. Justice and Representation in Global Institutions, New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Long, S. J. and Freese, J. (2006) Regression Models for Categorical Dependent Variables Using Stata, College Station, TX: Stata Press.
   Google Scholar
• Magnette, P. and Papadopoulos, Y. (2008) On the Politicization of the European Consociation: A Middle Way Between Hix and Bartolini, European Governance Papers No. C-08-01. N. p., EUROGOV, 16-5-2011, http://www.connex-network.org/eurogov/pdf/egp-connex-C-08-01.pdf (accessed April 2012).
   Google Scholar
• Mair, P. (2005) Popular Democracy and the European Union Polity, European Governance Papers No. C-05-03. N. p., EUROGOV, 16-5-2011, http://www.connex-network.org/eurogov/pdf/egp-connex-C-05-03.pdf (accessed April 2012).
   Google Scholar
• Marks, G., Hooghe, L., Steenbergen, M. R. and Bakker, R. (2007) ‘Cross-validating Data on Party Positioning on European Integration’, Electoral Studies, 26: 23–38.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mau, S., Mewes, J., and Zimmermann, A. (2008) ‘Cosmopolitan Attitudes Through Transnational Practices?’, Global Networks: A Journal of Transnational Affairs, 8(1): 1–24.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mayda, A. M. and Rodrik, D. (2005) ‘Why Are Some People (and Countries) More Protectionist Than Others?’, European Economic Review, 49(6): 1393–430.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McLaren, L. (2002) ‘Public Support for the European Union: Cost/Benefit Analysis or Perceived Cultural Threat?’, Journal of Politics, 64(2): 551–66.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meguid, B. M. (2008) Party Competition Between Unequal Strategies and Electoral Fortunes in Western Europe, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Moravcsik, A. (1998) The Choice for Europe. Social Purpose and State Power from Messina to Maastricht, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Morton, R. B. and Williams, K. C. (2008) ‘Experimentation in Political Science’, in: J. M. Box-Steffensmeier, H. E. Brady and D. Collier (eds) The Oxford Handbook of Political Methodology, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 339–56.
   Google Scholar
• Netjes, C. E. and Binnema, H. A. (2007) ‘The Salience of the European Integration Issue: Three Data Sources Compared’, Electoral Studies, 26(1): 39–49.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Brien, R., Goetz, A. M., Scholte, J. A. and Williams, M. (2000) Contesting Global Governance: Multilateral Institutions and Global Social Movements, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Pevehouse, J., Nordstrom, T. and Warnke, K. (2004) ‘The Correlates of War 2 International Governmental Organizations Data Version 2.0’, Conflict Management and Peace Science, 21(2): 101–19.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pogge, T. (2008) World Poverty and Human Rights: Cosmopolitan Responsibilities and Reforms, Cambridge: Polity Press.
   Google Scholar
• Putnam, R. D. (1988) ‘Diplomacy and Domestic Politics. The Logic of Two-level Games’, International Organization, 42(3): 427–60.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Risse, T. (2010) A Community of Europeans? Transnational Identities and Public Spheres, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Rodrik, D. (1997) Has Globalization Gone Too Far?, Washington, DC: Institute for International Economics.
   Google Scholar
• Rosenau, J. N. (2003) Distant Proximities. Dynamics Beyond Globalization, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Ruggie, J. G. (2004) ‘Reconstituting the Global Public Domain – Issues, Actors, and Practices’, European Journal of International Relations, 10(4): 499–531.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sassen, S. (1998) Globalization and Its Discontents, New York, NY: New Press.
   Google Scholar
• Scheve, K. and Slaughter, M. J. (2004) ‘Economic Insecurity and the Globalization of Production’, American Journal of Political Science, 48(4): 662–74.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmitt, C. (1932) Der Begriff des Politischen, München: Duncker und Humblot.
   Google Scholar
• Schmitter, P. C. (2009) ‘On the Way to a Post-functionalist Theory of European Integration’, British Journal of Political Science, 39(1): 211–15.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmitter, P. C. (1969) ‘Three Neo-functionalist Hypotheses about International Integration’, International Organization, 23(1): 161–6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmitter, P. C. (1996) ‘Examining the Present Euro-polity with the Help of Past Theories’, in G. Marks, F. W. Scharpf, P. C. Schmitter and W. Streeck (eds) Governance in the European Union, London and Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications, pp. 1–14.
   Google Scholar
• Schmitter, P. C. (2009) ‘On the Way to a Post-functionalist Theory of European Integration’, British Journal of Political Science, 39(1): 211–5.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, J. and Wiest, D. (2005) ‘The Uneven Geography of Global Civil Society: National and Global Influences on Transnational Association’, Social Forces, 84(2): 621–51.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tarrow, S. (2001) ‘Transnational Politics: Contention and Institutions in International Politics’, Annual Review of Political Science, 4(1): 1–20.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van der Eijk, C. and Franklin, M. N. (2004) ‘Potential for Contestation on European Matters at National Elections in Europe, in G. Marks and M. R. Steenbergen (eds) European Integration and Political Conflict, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 32–50.
   Google Scholar
• Volkens, A. (2006) ‘Programmatische Stellungnahmen nationaler Parteien zur Europäischen Union’, in J. Alber and W. Merkel (eds) Europas Osterweiterung. Das Ende der Vertiefung?, Berlin: Sigma, pp. 253–80.
   Google Scholar
• Wessels, B. (2004) ‘Contestation Potential of Interest Groups in the EU: Emergence, Structure, and Political Alliances’, in G. Marks and M. R. Steenbergen (eds) European Integration and Political Conflict, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 195–215.
   Google Scholar
• Wood, A. (1995) ‘How Trade Hurt Unskilled Workers’, The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 9(3): 57–80.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woods, N. and Narlikar, A. (2001) ‘Governance and the Limits of Accountability: The WTO, the IMF and the World Bank’, International Social Science Journal, 53(170): 569–83.
   Google Scholar
• Zürn, M. and Walter, G. (2005) Globalizing Interests. Pressure Groups and Denationalization, Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.
   Google Scholar
• Zürn, M., Binder, M. and Ecker-Ehrhardt, M. (2012) ‘International Authority and Its Politicization’, International Theory, 4(1): 69–106.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zürn, M. (2004) ‘Global Governance and Legitimacy Problems’, Government and Opposition, 39(2): 260–87.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar