Testing to Destruction: A problem in a small state

References

• BlGGS , J. B. 1996a . “ Western misperceptions of the Confucian-heritage learning culture ” . In The Chinese Learner: cultural, psychological and contextual factors, , Edited by: WATKINS , D. A. and BIGGS , J. B. 45 – 67 . Hong Kong : Comparative Education Research Centre/Australia, the Australian Council for Educational Research Ltd .
   Google Scholar
• BlGGS , J. B. 1996b . “ Learning, schooling and socialization: a Chinese solution to a Western problem ” . In Growing Up the Chinese Way: Chinese child and adolescent development , Edited by: LAU , SING . Hong Kong : The Chinese University of Hong Kong, The Chinese University Press .
   Google Scholar
• BlGGS , J. B. and WATKINS , D. A. 2001 . “ Insights into teaching the Chinese learner ” . In Teaching the Chinese Learner: psychological and pedagogical perspectives , Edited by: WATKINS , D. A. and BIGGS , J. B. Hong Kong : Comparative Education Research Centre/Australia, the Australian Council for Educational Research Ltd .
   Google Scholar
• BLACK , P. J. 1998 . Testing: friend or foe? , London : Palmer .
   Google Scholar
• BRAY , M. 1998 . “ Lessons for conceptual understanding ” . In Examination Systems in Small States: comparative perspectives on policies, models and operations , Edited by: BRAY , M. and STEWARD , L. London : Commonwealth Secretariat .
   Google Scholar
• BRAY , M. 1999 . The Shadow Education System: private tutoring and its implications for planners , Paris : UNESCO .
   Google Scholar
• BRAY , M. and HUI , P. 1989 . The implications of size for educational development in small territories: the case of Macau . International Review of Education , 35 : 129 – 143 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BRAY , M. and HUI , P. 1991 . “ Curriculum development in Macau ” . In Curriculum Developments in East Asia , Edited by: MARSH , C. and MORRIS , P. London : Palmer .
   Google Scholar
• BRAY , M. and STEWARD , L. , eds. 1998 . Examination Systems in Small States: comparative perspectives on policies, models and operations , London : Commonwealth Secretariat .
   Google Scholar
• BROADFOOT , P. , MURPHY , R. and TORRANCE , H. , eds. 1990 . Changing Educational Assessment , London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• COHEN , L. , MANION , L. and MORRISON , K. R. B. 1996 . A Guide to Teaching Practice , (4th edn) , London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• CORTAZZI , M. and JIN , L. 2001 . “ Large classes in China: 'good' teachers and interaction ” . In The Chinese Learner: cultural, psychological and contextual influences , Edited by: WATKINS , D. A. and BIGGS , J. B. Hong Kong : Comparative Education Research Centre/Australia, the Australian Council for Educational Research Ltd .
   Google Scholar
• DAHLIN , B. and WATKINS , D. 2000 . The role of repetition in the processes of memorising and understanding: a comparison of the views of German and Chinese secondary school students in Hong Kong . British Journal of Educational Psychology , 70 : 65 – 84 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DlRECÇÃO DOS SERVICOS DE EDUCAÇÃO E JUVENTUDE . 1995 . Pessoal Docente: escolas paniculares sem paralelismo pedagogico [Teachers' Qualifications in Private Schools] , Macau : Direcção dos Services de Educação e Juventude .
   Google Scholar
• DIRECÇAO DOS SERVIÇOS DE ESTATiSTICA E CENSUS . 2000 . Macau em Numéros. [Macau in Numbers] , Macau : Direcção dos Services de EstatÍstica e Census .
   Google Scholar
• DORE , R. P. and SAKO , M. 1989 . How the Japanese Learn to Work , London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• ECKSTEIN , M. A. and NOAH , H. J. 1993 . Secondary School Examinations: international perspectives on policies and practices , New Haven , CT : Yale University Press .
   Google Scholar
• EDUCATION COMMISSION . 2000 . Learning for Life, Learning through Life: reform proposals for the education system in Hong Kong , Hong Kong : Government Printer .
   Google Scholar
• GlPPS , C. 1994 . Beyond Testing , London : Falmer .
   Google Scholar
• GOODMAN , R. 1992 . “ Japan-pupil turned teacher? ” . In Lessons of CrossNational Comparison in Education , Edited by: PHILLIPS , D. Wallingford : Triangle Books .
   Google Scholar
• GRUBER , K. H. 1992 . “ Unlearnt European lessons: why Austria abandoned the comprehensive school experience and restored the Gymnasium ” . In Lessons of CrossNational Comparison in Education , Edited by: PHLLIPS , D. Wallingford : Triangle Books .
   Google Scholar
• HARNISCH , D. L and MABRY , L. 1993 . Issues in the development and evaluation of alternative assessments . Journal of Curriculum Studies , 25 (2) : 179 – 187 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HAYEK , F. A. 1960 . The Constitution of Liberty , London : Routledge & Kegan Paul .
   Google Scholar
• HAYEK , F. A. 1979 . Law, Legislation and Liberty, Volume 3: the political order of free people , Volume 3 , London : Routledge & Kegan Paul .
   Google Scholar
• HOLT , J. 1969 . How Children Fail , Harmondsworth : Penguin .
   Google Scholar
• LEE , W. O. 1996 . “ The cultural context for Chinese learners: conceptions of learning in the Confucian tradition ” . In The Chinese Learner: cultural, psychological and contextual influences , Edited by: WATKTNS , D. and BlGGS , J. Hong Kong : Comparative Education Research Centre/Australia, the Australian Council for Educational Research Ltd .
   Google Scholar
• LEUNG , B. 2001 . Church-state relations in Hong Kong and Macau: from colonial rule to Chinese rule . Citizenship Studies , 5 (2) : 203 – 219 .
   Google Scholar
• LEWIN , K. and Lu , W. 1990 . “ University entrance examinations in China: a quiet revolution ” . In Changing Educational Assessment , Edited by: BROADFOOT , P. , MURPHY , R. and TORRANCE , H. London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• MARTON , F. , DALL'ALBA , G. and TSE , L. K. 1996 . “ Memorizing and understanding: the keys to the paradox? ” . In The Chinese Learner: cultural, psychological and contextual influences , Edited by: WATKINS , D. A. and BlGGS , J. B. Hong Kong : Comparative Education Research Centre/Australia, the Australian Council for Educational Research Ltd .
   Google Scholar
• MOK , I. , CHIK , P. M. , KO , P. Y. , KWAN , T. , LO , M. L. , MARTON , F. , NG , D. F. P. , PANG , M. F. , RUNESSON , U. and SZETO , L. H. 2001 . “ Solving the paradox of the Chinese learner ” . In The Chinese Learner: cultural, psychological and contextual influences , Edited by: WATKINS , D. A. and BIGGS , J. B. Hong Kong : Comparative Education Research Centre/Australia, the Australian Council for Educational Research Ltd .
   Google Scholar
• MORRISON , K. R. B. 1994 . Uniformity and diversity in assessment: an international perspective and agenda . Compare , 24 (1) : 5 – 15 .
   Google Scholar
• MORRISON , K R. B. The Open Society and Education in Macau . Public lecture presented at the Inter-University Institute of Macau . October .
   Google Scholar
• REGIÃO ADMINISTRATIVA ESPECIAL DE MACAU DA REPÚBLICA POPULAR DA CHINA . 2000 . Relatório das Linhas de Acção Governativa Para O Ano Financeiro de 2001 [Policy Address for the Fiscal Year 2001 of the Government of the Macau Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China], 9. November , Macau : Região Administrative Especial de Macau da República Popular da China .
   Google Scholar
• ROSA , A. Education in Macau's Transitional Period: present situation and perspectives . Paper presented at the Symposium on Reform of Education in Macau . Macau . University of Macau .
   Google Scholar
• SACKS , P. 1999 . Standardized Minds , Cambridge , MA : Perseus Books .
   Google Scholar
• TANG , F. H. and MORRISON , K. R. B. 1998 . When marketization does not improve schooling: the case of Macau . Compare , 28 (3) : 245 – 262 .
   Google Scholar
• WATKINS , D. A. and BIGGS , J. B. , eds. 1996 . The Chinese Learner: cultural, psychological and contextual influences , Hong Kong : Comparative Education Research Centre/Australia, the Australian Council for Educational Research Ltd .
   Google Scholar
• WATKTNS , D. A. and BIGGS , J. B. , eds. 2001 . Teaching the Chinese Learner: psychological and pedagogical perspectives , Hong Kong : Comparative Education Research Centre/Australia, the Australian Council for Educational Research Ltd .
   Google Scholar