References
- Adewuyil AA , Gruysi E , van Eerdenburg FJCM. 2005. Non esterified fatty acids (NEFA) in dairy cattle. Vet Q. 27:117–126. doi:10.1080/01652176.2005.9695192.
- Ahima RS , Flier JS. 2000. Leptin. Annu Rev Physiol. 62:413–437. doi: 10.1146/annurev.physiol.62.1.413
- Ajuwon KM , Kuske JL , Anderson DB , Hancock DL , Houseknecht KL , Adeola O , Spurlock ME. 2003. Chronic leptin administration increases serum NEFA in the pig and differentially regulates PPAR expression in adipose tissue. J Nutr Biochem. 14:576–583. doi:10.1016/S0955-2863(03)00104-9.
- Allen MS , Bradford BJ , Oba M. 2009. Board-invited review: The hepatic oxidation theory of the control of feed intake and its application to ruminants. J Anim Sci. 87:3317–3334. doi:10.2527/jas.2009-1779.
- Alloway BJ. 2008. Zinc in soils and crop nutrition. 2nd ed. Brussels and Paris : IZA and IFA.
- Anderson R. 1992. Comparison of trace elements in milk of four species. J Dairy Sci. 75:3050–3055. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(92)78068-0
- Atkinson DJ , von Keyserlingk MAG , Weary DM. 2017. Benchmarking passive transfer of immunity and growth in dairy calves. J Dairy Sci. 100:3773–3782. doi:10.3168/jds.2016-11800.
- Baltaci AK , Mogulkoc R. 2012. Leptin and zinc relation: In regulation of food intake and immunity. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 16:611–616. doi:10.4103/2230-8210.105579.
- Block SS , Butler WR , Ehrhardt RA , Bell AW , Van Amburgh ME , Boisclair YR. 2001. Decreased concentration of plasma leptin in periparturient dairy cows is caused by negative energy balance. J Endocrinol. 171:339–348. doi: 10.1677/joe.0.1710339
- Block SS , Rhoads RP , Bauman DE , Ehrhardt RA , McGuire MA , Crooker BA , Griinari JM , Mackle TR , Weber WJ , Van Amburgh ME , Boisclair YR. 2003. Demonstration of a role for insulin in the regulation of leptin in lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci. 86:3508–3515. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(03)73955-1
- Brody T. 1999. Nutritional biochemistry. 2nd ed. San Diego : Academic Press.
- Campbell MH , Miller JK. 1998. Effect of supplemental dietary vitamin E and zinc on reproductive performance of dairy cows and heifers fed excess iron. J Dairy Sci. 81:2693–2699. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(98)75826-6
- Capuco AV , Bright SA , Pankey JW , Wood DL , Miller RH , Britman J. 1992. Increased susceptibility to intramammary infection following removal of teat canal keratin. J Dairy Sci. 75:2126–2130. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(92)77972-7
- Carulli L. , Ferrari S. , Bertolini M. , Tagliafico E. 1999. Regulation of ob gene expression: evidence for epinephrine induced suppression in human obesity. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 84:3309–3312. doi: 10.1210/jcem.84.9.6007
- Chalmeh A , Pourjafar M , Nazifi S , Momenifar F , Mohamadi M. 2015. Insulin resistance in different physiological states of high producing Holstein dairy cows. Acta Scientiae Veterinariae. 43:1255–1261.
- Chandra G , Aggarwal A , Singh AK , Kumar M , Upadhyay RC. 2013. Effect of vitamin E and zinc supplementation on energy metabolites, lipid peroxidation, and milk production in peripartum Sahiwal cows. Asian Australas J Anim Sci. 26:1569–1576. doi:10.5713/ajas.2012.12682.
- Chen MD , Song YM , Lin PY. 2000. Zinc may be a mediator of leptin production in humans. Life Sci. 66:2143–2149. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1103579 doi: 10.1016/S0024-3205(00)00541-5
- Conneely M , Berry DP , Sayers R , Murphy JP , Doherty ML , Lorenz I , Kennedy E. 2014. Does iodine supplementation of the prepartum dairy cow diet affect serum immunoglobulin G concentration, iodine, and health status of the calf? J Dairy Sci. 97:5120–5130. doi:10.3168/jds.2013-7867.
- Cope CM , Mackenzie AM , Wilde D , Sinclair LA. 2009. Effects of level and form of dietary zinc on dairy cow performance and health. J Dairy Sci. 92:2128–2135. doi: 10.3168/jds.2008-1232
- Delavaud C , Ferlay A , Faulconnier Y , Bocquier F , Kann G , Chilliard Y. 2002. Plasma leptin concentration in adult cattle: effects of breed, adiposity, feeding level, and meal intake. J Anim Sci. 80:1317–1328. doi: 10.2527/2002.8051317x
- Ehrhardt RA , Slepetis RM , Siegal-Willott J , Van Amburgh ME , Bell AW , Boisclair YR. 2000. Development of a specific radioimmunoassay to measure physiological changes of circulating leptin in cattle and sheep. J Endocrinol. 166:519–528. doi: 10.1677/joe.0.1660519
- Friedman JM , Halaas JL. 1998. Leptin and the regulation of body weight in mammals. Nature. 395:763–770. doi: 10.1038/27376
- Garcia OP , Ronquillo D , Caamao MC , Camacho M , Long KZ , Rosado JL. 2012. Zinc, vitamin A, and vitamin C status are associated with leptin concentrations and obesity in Mexican women: results from a cross-sectional study. Nutr Metab. 9:59–67. doi:10.1186/1743-7075-9-59.
- Hardie LJ , Guilhot N , Trayhurn P. 1996. Regulation of leptin production in cultured mature white adipocytes. Hormone Metab Res J. 28:685–689. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-979878
- Hayirli A. 2006. The role of exogenous insulin in the complex of hepatic lipidosis and ketosis associated with insulin resistance phenomenon in postpartum dairy cattle. Vet Res Commun. 30:749–774. doi:10.1007/s11259-006-3320-6.
- Hudgens KA , Tyler JW , Besser TE , Krytenberg DS. 1996. Optimizing performance of a qualitative zinc sulfate turbidity test for passive transfer of immunoglobulin G in calves. Am J Vet Res. 57:1711–1713.
- Hutjens MF. 2010. Benchmarking your feed efficiency, feed costs, and income over feed cost. Western Can Dairy Semin Adv Dairy Technol. 22:3–10.
- Kellogg DW , Tomlinson DJ , Socha MT , Johnson AB. 2004. Review: effects of zinc methionine complex on milk production and somatic cell count of dairy cows: Twelve-trial summary. Profess Anim Sci. 20:295–301. doi: 10.15232/S1080-7446(15)31318-8
- Kinkaid RL , Chew BP , Cronrath JD. 1997. Zinc oxide and amino acids as sources of dietary zinc for calves: effects on uptake and immunity. J Dairy Sci. 80:1381–1388. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(97)76067-3
- Kinkaid RL , Cronrath JD. 1992. Zinc concentration and distribution in mammary secretions of peripartum cows. J Dairy Sci. 75:481–484. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(92)77784-4
- Konigsson K , Savoini G , Govoni N , Invernizzi G , Prandi A , Kindahl H , Veronesi MC. 2008. Energy balance, leptin, NEFA and IGF-I plasma concentrations and resumption of postpartum ovarian activity in Swedish red and white breed cows. Acta Vet Scand. 50:3–10. doi:10.1186/1751-0147-50-3.
- Konukoglu D , Turhan MS , Ercan M , Serin O. 2004. Relationship between plasma leptin and zinc levels and the effect of insulin and oxidative stress on leptin levels in obese diabetic patients. J Nutr Biochem. 15:757–760. doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2004.07.007.
- Kume S , Yamamoto E , Kudo T , Toharmat T , Nonaka J. 1998. Effect of parity on mineral concentration in milk and plasma of Holstein cows during early lactation. Asian Australas J Anim Sci. 11:133–138. doi: 10.5713/ajas.1998.133
- Leury BL , Baumgard LH , Block SS , Segoale N , Ehrhardt RA , Rhoads RP , Bauman DE , Bell AW , Boisclair YR. 2003. Effect of insulin and growth hormone on plasma leptin in periparturient dairy cows. Am J Physiol Regulat Integrat Comparit Physiol. 285:R1107–R1115. doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.00320.2003
- Lonnerdal B. 2000. Dietary factors influencing zinc absorption. J Nutr. 130(supp.):1378S–1383S. doi: 10.1093/jn/130.5.1378S
- Lynch CJ , Patson BJ , Goodman SA , Trapolsi D , Kimball S. 2001. Zinc stimulates the activity of the insulin and nutrient-regulated protein kinase mTOR. Am J Physiol-Endocrinol Metab. 281:E25–E34. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.2001.281.1.E25
- Mangian HF , Lee RG , Paul GL , Emmert JL , Shay NF. 1998. Zinc deficiency suppresses plasma leptin concentrations in rats. Nutr Biochem. 9:47–51. doi: 10.1016/S0955-2863(97)00165-4
- Mantzoros CS , Prasad AS , Beck FWJ , Grabowski S , Kaplan J , Adair C , Brewer GJ. 1998. Zinc may regulate serum leptin concentrations in humans. J Am College Nutr. 17:270–275. doi:10.1080/07315724.1998.10718758.
- Marreiro DN , Fisberg M , Cozzolino SM. 2004. Zinc nutritional status and its relationships with hyperinsulinemia in obese children and adolescents. Biol Trace Elem Res. 100:137–149. doi: 10.1385/BTER:100:2:137
- Marreiro DN , Geloneze B , Tambascia MA , Lerario AC , Halpern A , Cozzolino SMF. 2006. Effect of zinc supplementation on serum leptin levels and insulin resistance of obese women. Biol Trace Elem Res. 112:109–118. doi: 10.1385/BTER:112:2:109
- Martino G , Matera MG , Martino B , Vacca C , Martino S , Rossi F. 1993. Relationship between zinc and obesity. J Med Chem. 24:177–183.
- McDowell LR. 2003. Minerals in animal and human nutrition. 2nd ed. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Press.
- McEwan AD , Fisher EW , Selman IE , Penhale JP. 1970. A turbidity test for the estimation of immune globulin levels in neonatal calf serum. Clin Chim Acta. 27:155–163. doi: 10.1016/0009-8981(70)90390-6
- National Research Council . 1989. Nutrient requirements of dairy cattle. 6th rev. ed. Washington, DC : Natl. Acad. Press.
- National Research Council . 2001. Nutrient requirements of dairy cattle. 7th rev. ed. Washington, DC : Natl. Acad. Press.
- Nayeri A , Upah NC , Sucu E , Sanz-Fernandez MV , Defrain JM , Gorden PJ , Baumgard LH. 2014. Effect of the ratio of zinc amino acid complex to zinc sulfate on the performance of Holstein cows. J Dairy Sci. 97:4392–4404. doi:10.3168/jds.2013-7541.
- Niswender KD , Schwartz MW. 2003. Insulin and leptin revisited: adiposity signals with overlapping physiological and intracellular signaling capabilities. Front Neuroendocrinol. 24:1–10. doi:10.1016/S0091-3022(02)00105-X.
- Pechova A , Pavlata L , Lokajova E. 2006. Zinc supplementation and somatic cell count in milk of dairy cows. Acta Vet Brno. 75:355–361. doi:10.2754/avb200675030355.
- Rico JE , Bandaru VVR , Dorskind JM , Haughey NJ , McFadden JW. 2015. Plasma ceramides are elevated in overweight Holstein dairy cows experiencing greater lipolysis and insulin resistance during the transition from late pregnancy to early lactation. J Dairy Sci. 98:7757–7770. doi:10.3168/jds.2015-9519.
- Roth HP , Kirchgessner M. 1981. Zinc and insulin metabolism. Biol Trace Elem Res. 3:13–32. doi: 10.1007/BF02789121
- Schwartz MW. 2006. Central nervous system regulation of food intake. Obesity. 14(Supp. Feb):1S–8S. doi: 10.1038/oby.2006.275
- Schwartz MW , Wood SC , Baskin DG. 2000. Central nervous system control of food intake [Insight review article]. Nature. 404:661–671. doi: 10.1038/35007534
- Smith KL , Stebulis SE , Waldron MR , Overton TR. 2007. Prepartum 2,4-thiazolidinedione alters metabolic dynamics and dry matter intake of dairy cows. J Dairy Sci. 90:3660–3670. doi:10.3168/jds.2006-650.
- Stanley CC. 2005. Regulation of glucose metabolism in dairy cattle [Ph.D Thesis]. Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College.
- Sundrum A. 2015. Metabolic disorders in the transition period indicate that the dairy cows’ ability to adapt is overstressed. Animals (Basel). 5:978–1020. doi:10.3390/ani5040395.
- Taneja SK , Jain M , Mandal R , Megha K. 2012. Excessive zinc in diet induces leptin resistance in Wistar rat through increased uptake of nutrients at intestinal level. J Trace Elem Med Biol. 26:267–272. doi:10.1016/j.jtemb.2012.03.002.
- Vallee BL , Falchuk KH. 1993. The biochemical basis of zinc physiology. Physiol Rev. 73:79–118. doi: 10.1152/physrev.1993.73.1.79
- Wiking L , Larsen T , Sehested J. 2008. Transfer of dietary zinc and fat to milk evaluation of milk fat quality, milk fat precursors, and mastitis indicators. J Dairy Sci. 91:1544–1551. doi:10.3168/jds.2007-0716.
- Wildman EE , Jones GM , Wagner PE , Boman RL. 1982. A dairy cow body condition scoring system and its relationship to selected production characteristics. J Dairy Sci. 65:495–501. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(82)82223-6