Effect of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid feeding on the fatty acid profile and odor of milk in danbred sows

References

• Alpha MOS, Manual H. 2018. [cited 25 Oct 2020]. Available from: https://www.alpha-mos.com/heracles-smell-analysis. Toulouse, France: Alpha MOS; p. 1–163.
   Google Scholar
• Amari A, El Bari N, Bouchikhi B. 2009. Conception and development of a portable electronic nose system for classification of raw milk using principal component analysis approach. Sens Transducers. 102:33–44. [cited 25 Oct 2020]. Available from: http://www.sensorsportal.com.
   Google Scholar
• Aouadi B, Zaukuu J-LZ, Vitális F, Bodor Z, Fehér O, Gillay Z, Bazar G, Kovacs Z. 2020. Historical evolution and food control achievements of near infrared spectroscopy, electronic nose, and electronic tongue-critical overview. Sensors (Basel. 20(19):5479. doi:10.3390/s20195479.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 2006. Official methods of analysis, 18th ed. Washington, DC: AOAC.
   Google Scholar
• Bai YS, Wang CQ, Zhao X, Shi BM, Shan AS. 2017. Effects of fat sources in sow on the fatty acid profiles and fat globule size of milk and immunoglobulins of sows and piglets. Anim Feed Sci Technol. 234:217–227. doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2017.10.006.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Battaglia FC, Meschia G. 1988. Fetal nutrition. Annu Rev Nutr. 8:43–61.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bird RP, Draper HH. 1984. Comparative studies on different methods of malonaldehyde determination. Methods Enzymol. 105:299–305. doi:10.1016/s0076-6879(84)05038-2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cordero G, Isabel B, Morales J, Menoyo D, Piñeiro C, Daza A, Lopez-Bote CJ. 2011. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) during last week of gestation and lactation alters colostrum and milk fat composition and performance of reproductive sows. Anim Feed Sci Technol. 168:232–240. doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2011.04.085.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Tonnac A, Karim-Luisset S, Mourot J. 2017. Effect of different dietary linseed sources on fatty acid composition in pig tissues. Livest Sci. 203:124–131. doi:10.1016/j.livsci.2017.03.022.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Di Pasquale MG. 2009. The essentials of essential fatty acids. J Diet Suppl. 6:143–161. doi:10.1080/19390210902861841.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Eastwood L, Leterme P, Beaulieu AD. 2014. Changing the omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acid ratio in sow diets alters serum, colostrum, and milk fatty acid profiles, but has minimal impact on reproductive performance. J Anim Sci. 92:5567–5582. doi:10.2527/jas.2014-7836.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Esterbauer H, Schaur RJ, Zollner H. 1991. Chemistry and biochemistry of 4-hydroxynonenal, malonaldehyde and related aldehydes. Free Radic Biol Med. 11:81–128. doi:10.1016/0891-5849(91)90192-6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Falchero L, Sala G, Gorlier A, Lombardi G, Lonati M, Masoero G. 2009. Electronic nose analysis of milk from cows grazing on two different Alpine vegetation types. J Dairy Res. 76:365–371. doi:10.1017/S0022029909004105.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fritsche KL, Huang SC, Cassity NA. 1993. Enrichment of omega-3 fatty acids in suckling pigs by maternal dietary fish oil supplementation. J Anim Sci. 71:1841–1847. doi:10.2527/1993.7171841x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greenberg JA, Bell SJ, Van Ausdal WV. 2008. Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation during pregnancy. Rev Obstet Gynecol. 1:162–169.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Grez M, Gandarillas M, González F, Vargas-Bello-Pérez M. 2016. Influence of a spray-dried fat enriched with EPA and DHA on the fatty acid composition of sow milk. Cienc Investig Agr. 43:347–355. doi:10.4067/S0718-16202016000300001.
   Google Scholar
• Gunnarsson S, Pickova J, Högberg A, Neil M, Wichman A, Wigren I, Uvnäs-Moberg K, Rydhmer L. 2009. Influence of sow dietary fatty acid composition on the behaviour of the piglets. Livest Sci. 123:306–313. doi:10.1016/j.livsci.2008.12.002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gutiérrez-Méndez N, Vallejo-Cordoba B, Gonzalez-Córdova AF, Nevárez-Moorillón GV, Rivera-Chavira B. 2008. Evaluation of aroma generation of lactococcus lactis with an electronic nose and sensory analysis. J Dairy Sci. 91:49–57. doi:10.3168/jds.2007-0193.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hammer CT, Wills ED. 1978. The role of lipid components of the diet in the regulation of the fatty acid composition of the rat liver endoplasmic reticulum and lipid peroxidation. Biochem J. 174:585–593.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jin C, Fang Z, Lin Y, Che L, Wu C, Xu S, Feng B, Li J, Wu D. 2017. Influence of dietary fat source on sow and litter performance, colostrum and milk fatty acid profile in late gestation and lactation. Anim Sci J. 88:1768–1778. doi:10.1111/asj.12836.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kang NK, Jun TS, Yang YS, Kim YS. 2014. Analysis of volatile flavor compounds in milk using electronic nose system. J Sens Sci Technol. 23:320–325. doi:10.5369/JSST.2014.23.5.320.
   Google Scholar
• Koletzko B, Larqué E, Demmelmair H. 2007. Placental transfer of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA). J Perinat Med. 35(Supplement 1):S5–11. doi:10/1515/JPM2007.030.
   Google Scholar
• Komprda T, Jůzl M, Matejovicová M, Levá L, Piechowiczová M, Nedomová Š, Popelková V, Vymazalová P. 2020. Effect of high dietary level (8%) of fish oil on long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid n-3 content in pig tissues and plasma biochemical parameters. Animals (Basel). 10(9):1657. doi:10.3390/ani10091657.
   Google Scholar
• Kovacs Z, Bodor Z, Zinia Zaukuu JL, Kaszab T, Bazar G, Tóth T, Mohácsi-Farkas C. 2020. Electronic nose for monitoring odor changes of Lactobacillus species during milk fermentation and rapid selection of probiotic candidates. Foods. 9(11):1539. doi:10.3390/foods9111539.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lauridsen C, Danielsen V. 2004. Lactational dietary fat levels and sources influence milk composition and performance of sows and their progeny. Livest Prod Sci. 91:95–105. doi:10.1016/j.livprodsci.2004.07.014.
   Google Scholar
• Lauridsen C, Jensen SK. 2007. Lipid composition of lactational diets influences the fatty acid profile of the progeny before and after suckling. Animal. 1:952–962. doi:10.1017/S175173110700033X.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lavery A, Lawlor PG, Miller HM, Magowan E. 2019. The effect of dietary oil type and energy intake in lactating sows on the fatty acid profile of colostrum and milk, and piglet growth to weaning. Animals (Basel). 9(12):1092. doi:10.3390/ani9121092.
   Google Scholar
• Laws J, Amusquivar E, Laws A, Herrera E, Lean IJ, Dodds PF, Clarke L. 2009. Supplementation of sow diets with oil during gestation: Sow body condition, milk yield and milk composition. Livest Sci. 123:88–96. doi:10.1016/j.livsci.2008.10.012.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Let MB, Jacobsen C, Meyer AS. 2005. Sensory stability and oxidation of fish oil enriched milk is affected by milk storage temperature and oil quality. Int Dairy J. 15:173–182. doi:10.1016/j.idairyj.2004.06.003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu W, Yu J, Sun Z, Song Y, Wang X, Wang H, Wuren T, Zha M, Menghe B, Heping Z. 2016. Relationships between functional genes in Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus isolates and phenotypic characteristics associated with fermentation time and flavor production in yogurt elucidated using multilocus sequence typing. J Dairy Sci. 99:89–103. doi:10.3168/jds.2015-10209.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luo J, Huang F, Xiao C, Fang Z, Peng J, Jiang S. 2013. Responses of growth performance and proinflammatory cytokines expression to fish oil supplementation in lactation sows’ and/or weaned piglets’ diets. BioMed Res Int. 2013:1-9. 905918. doi:10.1155/2013/905918.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luo W, Xu X, Luo Z, Yao J, Zhang J, Xu W, Xu J. 2019. Effect of fish oil supplementation in sow diet during late gestation and lactation period on litter characteristics, milk composition and fatty acid profile of sows and their offspring. Int J Anim Sci. 19:8–17. doi:10.1080/1828051X.2019.1685917.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mateo RD, Carroll JA, Hyun Y, Smith S, Kim SW. 2009. Effect of dietary supplementation of n-3 fatty acids and elevated concentrations of dietary protein on the performance of sows. J Anim Sci. 87:948–959. doi:10.2527/jas.2008-0964.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McDermott K, Icely S, Jagger S, Broom LJ, Charman D, Evans CM, Miller HM. 2020. Supplementation with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and effects on reproductive performance of sows. Anim Feed Sci Technol. 267:114529. doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114529.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moran CA, Morlacchini M, Keegan JD, Fusconi G. 2018. Dietary supplementation of finishing pigs with the docosahexaenoic acid-rich microalgae, aurantiochytrium limacinum: effects on performance, carcass characteristics and tissue fatty acid profile. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci. 31:712–720. doi:10.5713/ajas.17.0662.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Naes T, Isakson T, Fearn T, Davies T. 2002. A user-friendly guide to multivariate calibration and classification. Chichester, UK: NIR Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Noblet J, Etienne M. 1989. Estimation of sow milk nutrient output. J Anim Sci. 67:3352–3359.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nuernberg K, Fischer K, Nuernberg G, Kuechenmeister U, Klosowska D, Eliminowska-Wenda G, Fiedler I, Ender K. 2005. Effects of dietary olive and linseed oil on lipid composition, meat quality, sensory characteristics and muscle structure in pigs. Meat Sci. 70:63–74. doi:10.1016/j.meatsci.2004.12.001.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ogłuszka M, Te Pas MFWT, Poławska E, Nawrocka A, Stepanow K, Pierzchała M. 2020. Omega-3 alpha-linolenic fatty acid affects the level of telomere binding protein TRF1 in porcine skeletal muscle. Animals (Basel). 10(6):1090. doi:10.3390/ani10061090.
   Google Scholar
• Palmquist DL. 2009. Omega-3 fatty acids in metabolism, health, and nutrition and for modified animal product foods. Prof Anim Sci. 25:207–249. doi:10.15232/S1080-7446(15)30713-0.
   Google Scholar
• Palmquist DL, Mattos W. 1978. Turnover of lipoproteins and transfer to milk fat of dietary (1-carbon-14) linoleic acid in lactating cows. J Dairy Sci. 61:561–565.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Papadopoulos GA, Maes DGD, Van Weyenberg S, van Kempen TATG, Buyse J, Janssens GPJ. 2009. Peripartal feeding strategy with different n-6:n-3 ratios in sows: effects on sows’ performance, inflammatory and periparturient metabolic parameters. Br J Nutr. 101:348–357. doi:10.1017/S0007114508026160.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peng X, Yan C, Hu L, Liu Y, Xu Q, Wang R, Qin L, Wu C, Fang Z, Lin Y, et al. 2019. Effects of fat supplementation during gestation on reproductive performance, milk composition of sows and intestinal development of their offspring. Animals (Basel). 9(4):125. doi:10.3390/ani9040125.
   Google Scholar
• Persaud K, Dodd G. 1982. Analysis of discrimination mechanisms in the mammalian olfactory system using a model nose. Nature. 299:352–355. doi:10.1038/299352a0.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petrone RC, Williams KA, Estienne MJ. 2019. Effects of dietary menhaden oil on growth and reproduction in gilts farrowed by sows that consumed diets containing menhaden oil during gestation and lactation. Animal. 13:1944–1951. doi:10.1017/S1751731119000193.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Posser CJM, Almeida LM, Moreira F, Bianchi I, Gasperin BG, Lucia T. 2018. Supplementation of diets with omega-3 fatty acids from microalgae: effects on sow reproductive performance and metabolic parameters. Livest Sci. 207:59–62. doi:10.1016/j.livsci.2017.11.006.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PubChem [Database]. 2020. [cited 25 Oct 2020]. Available from: https://pubchemdocs.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/. Natl Cent Biotechnol Inf, US. Bethesda, MD: National Library of Medicine.
   Google Scholar
• Rooke JA, Sinclair AG, Ewen M. 2001. Changes in piglet tissue composition at birth in response to increasing maternal intake of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are non-linear. Br J Nutr. 86:461–470. doi:10.1079/BJN2001422.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosero DS, Odle J, Mendoza SM, Boyd RD, Fellner V, van Heugten E. 2015. Impact of dietary lipids on sow milk composition and balance of essential fatty acids during lactation in prolific sows. J Anim Sci. 93:2935–2947. doi:10.2527/jas.2014-8529.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roszkos R, Tóth T, Fébel H, Mézes M. 2020b. Effect of different n-6/n-3 fatty acid proportion oil sources on reproduction performance and fatty acid profile of milk in modern genotype sows - preliminary results. Acta Agrar Debr. 1:121–128. doi:10.34101/actaagrar/1/3742.
   Google Scholar
• Roszkos R, Tóth T, Mézes M. 2020a. Review: practical use of n-3 fatty acids to improve reproduction parameters in the context of modern sow nutrition. Animals (Basel). 10(7):1141. doi:10.3390/ani10071141.
   Google Scholar
• Rymer CD, Givens I, Wahle KWJ. 2003. Dietary strategies for increasing docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) concentrations in bovine milk: A review. Nutr [Abstr]. Rev. B. 73:9–25.
   Google Scholar
• Sampels S, Pickova J, Högberg A, Neil M. 2011. Fatty acid transfer from sow to piglet differs for different polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Physiol Res. 60:113–124.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siu GM, Draper HH. 1982. Metabolism of malonaldehyde in vivo and in vitro. Lipids. 17:349–355. doi:10.1007/BF02535193.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smits RJ, Luxford BG, Mitchell M, Nottle MB. 2011. Sow litter size is increased in the subsequent parity when lactating sows are fed diets containing n-3 fatty acids from fish oil. J Anim Sci. 89:2731–2738. doi:10.2527/jas.2010-3593.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sprecher H. 2000. Metabolism of highly unsaturated n-3 and n-6 fatty acids. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1486:219–231. doi:10.1016/s1388-1981(00)00077-9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tanghe S, Missotten J, Raes K, Vangeyte J, De Smet S. 2014. Diverse effects of linseed oil and fish oil in diets for sows on reproductive performance and pre-weaning growth of piglets. Livest Sci. 164:109–118. doi:10.1016/j.livsci.2014.03.009.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taugbøl O, Framstad T, Saarem K. 1993. Supplements of cod liver oil to lactating sows. influence on milk fatty acid composition and growth performance of piglets. Zentralbl Veterinarmed A. 40:437–443. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0442.1993.tb00650.x.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tóth T, Mwau PJ, Bázár G, Andrássy-Baka G, Hingyi H, Csavajda É, Varga L. 2019. Effect of feed supplementation based on extruded linseed meal and fish oil on composition and sensory properties of raw milk and ultra-high temperature treated milk. Int Dairy J. 99:104552. doi:10.1016/j.idairyj.2019.104552.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Urbach G. 1990. Effect of feed on flavor in dairy foods. J Dairy Sci. 73:3639–3650. doi:10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(90)79067-4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yao W, Li J, Wang JJ, Zhou W, Wang Q, Zhu R, Wang F, Thacker P. 2012. Effects of dietary ratio of n-6 to n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on immunoglobulins, cytokines, fatty acid composition, and performance of lactating sows and suckling piglets. J Anim Sci Biotechnol. 3(1):43. doi:10.1186/2049-1891-3-43.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yin H, Xu L, Porter NA. 2011. Free radical lipid peroxidation: mechanisms and analysis. Chem Rev. 111:5944–5972. doi:10.1021/cr200084z.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zaukuu JLZ, Bazar G, Gillay Z, Kovacs Z. 2020. Emerging trends of advanced sensor based instruments for meat, poultry and fish quality-A review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 60:3443–3460. doi:10.1080/10408398.2019.1691972.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar