41
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Final devoicing as a robust phenomenon in second language acquisition: Tswana, english and afrikaans.

FINAL DEVOICING AS A ROBUST PHENOMENON IN SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION: TSWANA, ENGLISH AND AFRIKAANS

&
Pages 3-23 | Published online: 23 Jan 2012

REFERENCES

  • Balasubramanian , T. 1981 . “Duration of vowels in Tamil,” . Journal of Phonetics , 9 : 151 – 161 .
  • Charles-Luce , J. 1985 . “Word-final devoicing in German: effects of phonetic and sentential contexts” . Journal of Phonetics , 13 ( 3 ) : 309 – 324 .
  • Chen , M. 1970 . “Vowel length variation as a function of the voicing of the consonant environment,” . Phonetica , 22 : 129 – 159 .
  • Chomsky , Noam and Halle , Morris . 1968 . The sound pattern of English , New York : Harper and Row .
  • Combrink , J. G.H. and De Stadler , L. G. 1987 . Afrikaanse fonologie , Johannesburg : Macmillan .
  • Crowther , C S and Mann , V . 1992 . “Native language factors affecting use of vocalic cues to final consonant voicing in English,” . The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America , 92 : 711 – 722 .
  • Crystal , T H and House , A S . 1990 . “Articulation rate and the duration of syllables and stress groups in connected speech,” . The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America , 88 : 101 – 112 .
  • Daniels , P. 1996 . Personal communication via e-mail
  • Dinnsen , D. A. and Charles-Luce , J. 1984 . “Phonological neutralization, phonetic implementation and individual differences,” . Journal of Phonetics , 12 ( 4 ) : 291 – 296 .
  • Eckman , F. R. 1991 . “The structural conformity hypothesis and the acquisition of consonant clusters in the interlanguage of ESL learners,” . Studies in Second Language Acquisition , 7 : 23 – 41 .
  • Edge , B. A. 1991 . “The production of word final voiced obstruents in English by speakers of Japanese and Cantonese,” . Studies in Second Language Acquisition , 13 ( 3 ) : 377 – 393 .
  • Fintoft , K. 1962 . “The duration of some Norwegian speech sounds,” . Phonetica , 7 : 1939
  • Fourakis , M. and Iverson , G. K. 1984 . “On the “incomplete neutralization” of German final obstruents,” . Phonetica , 41 ( 3 ) : 140 – 149 .
  • Greenberg , J. 1966 . Linguistic universals with special reference to feature hierarchies , The Hague : Mouton .
  • Hayes , B. 1983 . “A grid-based theory of English meter,” . Linguistic Inquiry , 14 ( 3 ) : 357 – 394 .
  • House , A S and Fairbanks , G . 1953 . “The influence of consonant environment upon the secondary acoustical characteristics of vowels,” . The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America , 25 : 105 – 114 .
  • Jassem , W. and Richter , L. 1989 . “Neutralization of voicing in Polish obstruents,” . Journal of Phonetics , 17 ( 4 ) : 317 – 325 .
  • Kahlen-Halstenbach , Birthe . 1990 . Zur psychologishen Realitat der Auslautsverhartung im Deutschen . Zeitschrift fur Phontik, Sprachwissienschaft und Kommunikationsforschung , 43 ( 5 ) : 645 – 655 .
  • Kiparsky , Paul . 1975 . “Stress, syntax and meter” . Language , 51 ( 3 ) : 576 – 616 .
  • Koster , C. J. and Koet , T. 1993 . “The evaluation of accent in the English of Dutchmen,” . Language Learning , 43 ( l ) : 69 – 92 .
  • Luce , P. A. and Charles-Luce , J. 1985 . “Contextual effects on vowel duration, closure duration, and the consonant/vowel ratio in speech production,” . The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America , 78 ( 6 ) : 1949 – 1957 .
  • Maddieson , I. 1984 . Patterns of sounds , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
  • O'Shaughnessy , D. 1981 . “A study of French vowel and consonant durations,” . Journal of Phonetics , 9 : 385 – 406 .
  • Port , Mitleb and O'Dell . 1981 .
  • Port , R. and Crawford , P. 1989 . “Incomplete neutalization and pragmatics in German,” . Journal of Phonetics , 17 ( 4 ) : 257 – 282 .
  • Port , R. and O'Dell , M. L. 1985 . “Neutralization of syllable-final devoicing in German,” . Journal of Phonetics , 13 ( 4 ) : 455 – 471 .
  • Raphael , L. J. 1972 . “Preceding vowel duration as a cue to the perception of the voicing characteristics in American English,” . The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America , 51 : 1296 – 1303 .
  • Roach , P. 1991 . English Phonetics and Phonology , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
  • Slowiaczek , L. M. and Dinnsen , D. A. 1985 . “On the neutralizing status of Polish word-final devoicing” . Journal of Phonetics , 13 ( 3 ) : 325 – 341 .
  • Slowiaczek , L. M. and Szaymanska . 1989 . “Perception of word-final devoicing in Polish.” . Journal of Phonetics , 17 : 205 – 212 .
  • Smith , Barbara H. 1968 . Poetic closure: a study of how poems end , Chicago University Press .
  • Stampe , D. A dissertation in natural phonology
  • Van Rooy , A. J. 1995 . Fonologiese en fonetiese eienskappe van slotkonsonantontstemming in die Engels van Afrikaans- en Tswanasprekendes , PU vir CHO . Ongepubliseerde M.A.-verhandeling
  • Van Rooy , A. J. 1996 . “Degrees of neutralization during syllable-final devoicing: evidence from second language phonetics . South African Journal of Linguistics , Supplement 32
  • Wiese , R. 1996 . The phonology of German , Oxford : Clarendon Press .
  • Wissing , Daan and Dreyer , Carisma . “Control of vowel length as indicator of ESL proficiency,” . South African Journal of Linguistics , 165 – 184 . Supplement 13
  • Wissing , Daan and Van Rooy , A. J. 1992 . “Onvolledige neutralisasie: die ontstemmingsreel in Afrikaans,” . Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif vir Taalkunde , : 135 – 144 . Supplement 13
  • Yavas , M. 1994 . First and second language phonology , San Diego : Singular Publisher Group .
  • Zonneveld , W. 1996 . “Optimality theory: roots and aims,” . SuidAfrikaanse Tydskrif vir Taalkunde , : 23 – 54 . Supplement 31

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.