Gender inequality in the South African labour market: Insights from the Employment Equity Act data

References

• Amuedo-Dorantes C & de la Rica S (2006) ‘The Role of Segregation and Pay Structure on the Gender Wage Gap: Evidence from Matched Employer-Employee Data for Spain' in The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis and Policy 5, 1–34. doi: 10.1515/1538-0645.1498
   Google Scholar
• Beall J, Hassim S & Todes A (1989) “‘A Bit on the Side”?: Gender Struggles in the Politics of Transformation in South Africa’ in Feminist Review 33, 30–56. doi: 10.1057/fr.1989.29
   Google Scholar
• Bezuidenhout A, Bischoff C, Buhlungu S & Lewins K (2008) ‘Tracking Progress on the Implementation and Impact of the Employment Equity Act Since Its Inception’, Sociology of Work Unit, University of the Witwatersrand.
   Google Scholar
• Bhorat H & Goga S (2013) ‘The Gender Wage Gap in Post-Apartheid South Africa: A Re-examination’, in Journal of African Economies 22, 827–848. doi: 10.1093/jae/ejt008
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brynin M & Perales F (2015) ‘Gender Wage Inequality: The De-gendering of the Occupational Structure’, in European Sociological Review 32, 1–13.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burger R & Jafta R (2006) ‘Returns to Race: Labour Market Discrimination in Post-Apartheid South Africa’, Stellenbosch Economic Working Papers No. 04/06, University of Stellenbosch.
   Google Scholar
• Burger R & Jafta R (2010) ‘Affirmative action in South Africa: an empirical assessment of the impact on labour market outcomes’, CRISE Working Paper No. 76, Centre for Research on Inequality, Human Security and Ethnicity.
   Google Scholar
• Casale D (2003) ‘The Rise in Female Labour Force Participation in South Africa: An Analysis of Household Survey Data, 1995-2001’ unpublished PhD Thesis, University of Natal, Durban.
   Google Scholar
• Casale D (2004) ‘What has the Feminisation of the Labour Market “Bought” Women in South Africa? Trends in Labour Force Participation, Employment and Earnings, 1995-2001’, in The Journal of Interdisciplinary Economics 15, 251–275. doi: 10.1177/02601079X04001500302
   Google Scholar
• Casale D & Posel D (2002) ‘The Continued Feminisation of the Labour force in South Africa: An Analysis of Recent Data and Trends’, in South African Journal of Economics 70, 156–184. doi: 10.1111/j.1813-6982.2002.tb00042.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Casale D & Posel D (2011) ‘Unions and the Gender Wage Gap in South Africa’, in Journal of African Economies 20, 27–59. doi: 10.1093/jae/ejq029
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Commission for Employment Equity (2017) Annual Report 2016-2017. Department of Labour, Pretoria.
   Google Scholar
• Department of Labour (2014) EEA 4 Form. Department of Labour.
   Google Scholar
• Finn A (2015) ‘A National Minimum Wage in the Context of the South African Labour Market’, National Minimum Wage Research Institute, University of the Witwatersrand.
   Google Scholar
• Fredericks F & Yu D (2017) ‘The effect of Affirmative Action on the reduction of employment discrimination’, ERSA Working Paper No. 681, Economics Research Southern Africa.
   Google Scholar
• Gradín C (2018) ‘Occupational gender segregation in post-apartheid South Africa’, WIDER Working Paper No. No. 2018/53. The United Nations University World Institute for Development Economics Research (UNU-WIDER), Helsinki.
   Google Scholar
• Grun C (2004) ‘Direct and Indirect Gender Discrimination in the South African Labour Market’, International Journal of Manpower 25, 321–342. doi: 10.1108/01437720410541425
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Helm R (2014) ‘The vertical effect of section 27 of the Employment Equity Act’ Institute of Development and Labour Law, University of Cape Town, Cape Town.
   Google Scholar
• Horwitz FM & Jain H (2011) ‘An assessment of employment equity and Broad Based Black Economic Empowerment developments in South Africa’, in Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal 30, 297–317. doi: 10.1108/02610151111135750
   Google Scholar
• International Labour Organisation (ILO) (2018) ‘Global Wage Report 2018/19 – What lies behind gender pay gaps’, Geneva: International Labour Office.
   Google Scholar
• Jain HC, Horwitz F & Wilkin CL (2012) ‘Employment equity in Canada and South Africa: a comparative review’, in The International Journal of Human Resource Management 23, 1–17. doi: 10.1080/09585192.2011.606115
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kerr A, Lam D & Wittenberg M (2019) Post-Apartheid Labour Market Series 1993-2017. DataFirst, Cape Town: University of Cape Town.
   Google Scholar
• Lalthapersad-Pillay P (2002) ‘Occupational Segregation of Work and Income Disparities Among SA Women' in South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 5, 111–122. doi: 10.4102/sajems.v5i1.2667
   Google Scholar
• Massie K, Collier D & Crotty A (2014) Executive salaries in South Africa: who should have a say on pay? Auckland Park, South Africa: Jacana Media.
   Google Scholar
• Mathur-Helm B (2005) ‘Equal opportunity and affirmative action for South African women: a benefit or barrier?' in Women in Management Review 20, 56–71. doi: 10.1108/09649420510579577
   Google Scholar
• Melville S (2018) ‘Assessing the Accuracy of Demographic Transformation Measured in the Commission for Employment Equity Reports’, Unpublished Economics Paper. University of Cape Town.
   Google Scholar
• Mosomi J (2019) ‘Distributional changes in the gender wage gap in the post-apartheid South African labour market’, WIDER Working Paper No. 2019/17, Cape Town: UNU World Institute for Development Economics Research.
   Google Scholar
• Muller C (2009) ‘Trends in the gender wage gap and gender discrimination among part-time and full-time workers in post-apartheid South Africa’, Working Paper No. 124, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban.
   Google Scholar
• National Minimum Wage Panel (2016) ‘Investigating the Feasibility of a National Minimum Wage for South Africa’, Development Policy Research Unit, University of Cape Town
   Google Scholar
• Ntuli M (2007) ‘Exploring Gender Wage Discrimination in South Africa, 1995-2004: A Quantile Regression Approach’, IPC Working Paper Series No. 56, Michigan: International Policy Centr,.
   Google Scholar
• Orthofer A (2016) ‘Wealth inequality in South Africa: Evidence from survey and tax data’, REDI3×3 Working Paper, University of Cape Town.
   Google Scholar
• Parashar S (2014) ‘Marginalized by race and place: A multilevel analysis of occupational sex segregation in post-apartheid South Africa’, in International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 34, 747–770. doi: 10.1108/IJSSP-01-2014-0003
   Google Scholar
• Parashar S (2008) Marginalised by Race and Place: Occupational Sex Segregation in Post-Apartheid South Africa. University of Maryland.
   Google Scholar
• Posel D (2014) ‘Gender Inequality’, in: Bhorat, H., Hirsch, A., Kanbur, S.M.R., Ncube, M. (eds), The Oxford Companion to the Economics of South Africa. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Posel D & Rogan M (2009) ‘Women, income and poverty: Gendered access to resources in Post-Apartheid South Africa’, in Agenda 23, 25–34.
   Google Scholar
• Rospabe S (2001) ‘An Empirical Evaluation of Gender Discrimination in Employment, Occupation Attainment and Wage in South Africa in the late 1990s' unpublished working paper. University of Cape Town, Cape Town.
   Google Scholar
• Shepherd D (2008) ‘Post-Apartheid Trends in Gender Discrimination in South Africa’, Stellenbosch Economic Working Papers No. 06/08, University of Stellenbosch.
   Google Scholar
• Standing G, Sender J & Weeks J (1996). Restructuring the labour market: the South African challenge, An ILO country review. Geneva: International Labour Office.
   Google Scholar
• Statistics South Africa (2016) ‘Labour Market Dynamics in South Africa, 2015’, Pretoria: Statistics South Africa.
   Google Scholar
• Statistics South Africa (2019) ‘Quarterly Employment Statistics’, Statistical Release No. P0277, Statistics Pretoria: South Africa.
   Google Scholar
• Sulla V & Zikhali P (2018) ‘Overcoming Poverty and Inequality in South Africa: An Assessment of Drivers, Constraints and Opportunities’. Washington: International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank, available at http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/530481521735906534/pdf/124521-REV-OUO-South-Africa-Poverty-and-Inequality-Assessment-Report-2018-FINAL-WEB.pdf, site accessed April 2, 2019.
   Google Scholar
• Thomas A & Jain HC (2004) ‘Employment equity in Canada and South Africa: progress and propositions’, in The International Journal of Human Resource Management 15, 36–55. doi: 10.1080/0958519032000157348
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valodia I, Collier D, Cawe A, Lijane M, Koyana S, Leibbrandt M & Francis D (2016) ‘A National Minimum Wage for South Africa’, Johannesburg: NEDLAC.
   Google Scholar
• van Rensburg D (2017) ‘Nothing is equal in the job market’, available at https://www.fin24.com/Economy/Labour/nothing-is-equal-in-the-job-market-20170514-2, site accessed April 2, 2019.
   Google Scholar
• Venter R & Levy A (eds), (2011) Labour relations in South Africa, 4th ed. ed. Cape Town; New York: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Webster E (1999) ‘Diffusion of the Molotov Cocktail in South African Industrial Relations: the burden of the past and the challenges of the future' in Kuruvilla, S., Mundell, B. (eds), Colonialism, Nationalism, and the Institutionalization of Industrial Relations in the Third World, Monographs in Organizational Behavior and Industrial Relations. Stamford, Conn: JAI Press.
   Google Scholar
• Wittenberg M (2014) ‘Analysis of Employment, Real Wage, and Productivity Trends in South Africa since 1994’. 45. Conditions of Work and Employment Series. Geneva: International Labour Office, available at http://ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_protect/---protrav/---travail/documents/publication/wcms_237808.pdf, site accessed April 2, 2019.
   Google Scholar