Gender, evictions, and relocations during COVID-19 in South Africa: Lessons for programming and practice

References

• Armstrong, E 2020, ‘Marxist and Socialist Feminism’, in Study of Women and Gender, Faculty Publications, Smith College, Northampton, MA, USA.
   Google Scholar
• Baker, A 2021, ‘From eviction to evicting: Rethinking the technologies, lives and power sustaining displacement’, Progress in Human Geography, vol. 45, no. 4, pp. 796-813. doi: 10.1177/0309132520910798
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bohmer, A 2021, ‘Precarious recognition: Knowledge, power and social placement of refugees’, Journal of Identity and Migration Studies, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 113-132.
   Google Scholar
• Bolt, M 2021, ‘Homeownership, legal administration, and the uncertainties of inheritance in South Africa: Apartheid’s legal shadows’, African Affairs, vol. 120, no. 479, pp. 219-241. doi: 10.1093/afraf/adab001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bolt, M & Masha, T 2019, ‘Recognising the family house: a problem of urban custom in South Africa’, South African Journal of Human Rights, vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 147-168. doi: 10.1080/02587203.2019.1632737
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chance, KR 2022, ‘Sustaining “Ungovernability”: Housing and Evictions during Covid-19 in Durban, South Africa’, Political and Legal Anthropology Review, https://polarjournal.org/2022/03/31/sustaining-ungovernability-housing-and-evictions-during-covid-19-in-durban-south-africa/, accessed 29 April 2022.
   Google Scholar
• Charles, M 2021a, ‘City of Cape Town evicts homeless in Green Point’, News24, 25 August, https://www.news24.com/news24/southafrica/news/see-city-of-cape-town-evicts-homeless-in-green-point-20210825, accessed 10 October 2021.
   Google Scholar
• Charles, M 2021b, ‘Eviction of homeless people in District Six unlawful, Western Cape High Court finds’, News24, 8 October, https://www.news24.com/news24/southafrica/news/eviction-of-homeless-people-in-district-six-unlawful-western-cape-high-court-finds-20211008, accessed 10 October 2021.
   Google Scholar
• Chien, K-H 2018, ‘Entrepreneurialising urban informality: Transforming governance of informal settlements in Taipei’, Urban Studies, vol. 55, no. 13, pp. 2886-2902. doi: 10.1177/0042098017726739
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cogin, T 2021, ‘There is no Right to Property: Clarifying the Purpose of the Property Clause’, Constitutional Court Review, vol. 11, pp. 1-37.
   Google Scholar
• Covary, T 2021, ‘Same old funding model can’t keep South African cities going or serve residents’, The Conversation, 12 August, https://theconversation.com/same-old-funding-model-cant-keep-south-african-cities-going-or-serve-residents-165182, accessed 7 May 2022.
   Google Scholar
• Crawford, A & Ngubane, N 2020, ‘Covid-19: eThekwini accused of defying ban on evictions’, GroundUp, 30 March, https://www.groundup.org.za/article/covid-19-ethekwini-municipality-accused-defying-ban-evictions/, accessed 27 October 2021.
   Google Scholar
• Desmond, M 2012, ‘Eviction and the Reproduction of Urban Poverty’, American Journal of Sociology, vol. 118, no. 1, pp. 88-133. doi: 10.1086/666082
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Desmond, M 2014, ‘Poor Black Women are evicted at Alarming Rates, Setting Off a Chain of Hardship’, MacArthur Foundation Policy Research Brief, pp. 1-4, March.
   Google Scholar
• Desmond, M 2016, Evicted: Poverty and Profit in the American City, Allen Lane, London.
   Google Scholar
• Engels, F 1969 (written in 1850), The Peasant War in Germany, Lawrence & Wishart, London.
   Google Scholar
• Glasser, MD & Wright, J 2020, ‘South African municipalities in financial distress: what can be done?’, Law Democracy & Development, vol. 24, pp. 413-441.
   Google Scholar
• Grill, A 2008, Fighting the man: A Case of the Western Cape anti-eviction campaign, School of International Training, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, pp. 1-50.
   Google Scholar
• Harrisberg, K 2020, ‘Evictions, power cuts heighten South Africa housing crisis amid lockdown’, Reuters, 24 April, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-safrica-homes-feat-idUSKCN22615J, accessed 27 October 2021.
   Google Scholar
• Human, L 2021, ‘Cape Town passes unlawful occupations by-law, despite protest’, GroundUp, 1 October, https://www.moneyweb.co.za/news/south-africa/cape-town-passes-unlawful-occupations-by-law-despite-protest/, accessed 17 October.
   Google Scholar
• Johnson, A 2016, Post-Apartheid Citizenship and the Politics of Evictions in Inner Johannesburg, unpublished PhD thesis, The City University of New York.
   Google Scholar
• Kantola, J & Lombardo, E 2017, Gender and Political Analysis, Palgrave Macmillan, New York.
   Google Scholar
• Kiewit, L 2020, ‘High Court declares the City of Cape Town’s evictions illegal’, Mail & Guardian, 25 August, https://mg.co.za/news/2020-08-25-high-court-declares-the-city-of-cape-towns-lockdown-evictions-illegal/, accessed 10 October 2021.
   Google Scholar
• Kretzmann, S 2021, ‘City of Cape Town to evict dozens of Observatory residents: The Willow Arts Collective had been hoping to lease land from the City’, GroudUp, 4 June, https://www.groundup.org.za/article/city-evict-observatory-collective/, accessed 10 October.
   Google Scholar
• Kruger, P, Moyo, K, Mudau, P, Pieterse, M & Spies, A 2021, ‘Republic of South Africa: Legal Response to Covid-19’, April, https://oxcon.ouplaw.com/view/10.1093/law-occ19/law-occ19-e6?rskey=bZO0cA&result=14&prd=OCC19, accessed 10 October.
   Google Scholar
• Langford, M 2014, ‘Housing Rights Litigation’, in M Langford, B Cousin, J Dugard & T Madlingozi (eds.), Economic Rights in South Africa: Symbols or Substance? Cambridge University Press, pp. 187-225.
   Google Scholar
• Levenson, Z 2021, ‘Housing Environment: South African evictions today’, Contexts, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 20-31. doi: 10.1177/1536504221997865
   Google Scholar
• Ludick, A, Dyason, D & Fourie, A 2021, ‘A new affordable housing development and the adjacent housing-market response’, South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 1-10. doi: 10.4102/sajems.v24i1.3637
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mantzaris, EA & Ngcamu, BS 2020, ‘Dissecting Disaster Responses during COVID-19: An eThekwini Municipality Experience’, Alternation Special Edition, vol. 32, pp. 117-144.
   Google Scholar
• Marx, K 1973, Grundisse, Penguin Books, London.
   Google Scholar
• Marx, Karl 1989 [first published 1875], ‘Critique of the Gotha Program’, in Marx-Engels Collected Works, vol. 6, International Publishers, New York, pp. 81-89.
   Google Scholar
• Marx, K 2002 [first published 1852], The 18^th Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte, Progress Publishers, Moscow.
   Google Scholar
• Masiya, T, Davids, YD & Mangai, MS 2021, ‘Factors affecting the performance of South African municipal officials: Stakeholders’ perspectives’, Commonwealth Journal of Local Governance, vol. 25, pp. 97-115. doi: 10.5130/cjlg.vi25.7701
   Google Scholar
• Mehta, K 2015, A New Dream: Redefining Homeownership through the Post Foreclosure Eviction Defense Campaign, unpublished MA dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA, accessed 08 October 2021.
   Google Scholar
• Meth, P 2020, ‘Unsettling Insurgency: Reflections on Women’s Insurgency Practices in South Africa’, Planning Theory & Practice, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 241-263. doi: 10.1080/14649351003759714
   Google Scholar
• Miraftab, F 2009, ‘Insurgency planning: Situating radical planning in the Global South’, Planning Theory, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 32-50. doi: 10.1177/1473095208099297
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mnisi, N & Karam, A 2020, ‘The impact of the integrated residential development programme on surrounding property values: Case Study of Fleurhof, Johannesburg’, Acta Structilia, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 29-58. doi: 10.18820/24150487/as27i1.2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murie, A 2012, ‘Housing in the Welfare State: Partitioning places and people’, Local Economy, vol. 27, nos. 5-6, pp. 480-485. doi: 10.1177/0269094212446295
   Google Scholar
• Nandi, A, Sheen, J, Walters, EL et al. 2021, ‘The effect of eviction moratoria on the transmission of SARS-COV-2’, Nature Communications Economy, pp. 1-3, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-22521-5, accessed 19 October.
   Google Scholar
• Ndhlovu, TP 2016, ‘Colonialism and the Economics of Unequal Exchange’, in B Avari & G Joseph (eds.), The Interwoven World: Ideas and encounters in history, Common Ground Publishing LLC, University of Illinois, pp. 188-205.
   Google Scholar
• Ndhlovu, TP 2019, ‘Elusive Solutions to Poverty and Inequality: From Trickle Down to Solidarity Economy’, in B Mpofu & SJ Ndlovu-Gatsheni (eds.), Rethinking and Unthinking Development: Perspectives on Inequality and Poverty in South Africa and Zimbabwe, Berghahn Books, New York, pp. 71-84.
   Google Scholar
• Ndinda, C, Hongoro, C, Labadarios, D et al. 2016, Report on A Baseline Assessment for Future Impact Evaluation of Informal Settlements Targeted for Upgrading, Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC), Pretoria.
   Google Scholar
• Ndinda, C, Moolman, B, Adebayo, P, Chimbwete, C, Ngungu, M, Maree, G, Parker, A, Lynch, I & Shozi, M 2021 [1st edition], ‘Chapter 5.4 Gender equality’, in South Africa Covid-19 Report, Department of Planning, Monitoring and Evaluation, Government Technical Advisory Centre & National Research Foundation, Pretoria, pp. 369-419.
   Google Scholar
• Ndinda, C & Ndhlovu, TP 2018, ‘Gender, poverty and inequality: Exploration from a transformative perspective’, International Journal of Women’s Studies, vol. 19, no. 5, pp. 1-12.
   Google Scholar
• Ndinda, C & Ndhlovu, TP 2020, ‘Accessing the City: Informal Settlements as Staging Posts for Urbanisation’, in LJ Bank, D Posel & F Wilson (eds.), Migrant Labour after Apartheid: The Inside Story, Lynne Rienner Publishers, Boulder, distributed by HSRC Press.
   Google Scholar
• Ndinda, C, Ndhlovu TP & Sobane K 2020, Gaps in the design and implementation of the Gauteng housing allocation process, Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC) Policy Brief, vol. 10, pp. 1-5, March.
   Google Scholar
• Nnoko-Mewanu, J 2020, ‘Cities forcibly evict residents in South Africa: Homelessness increases Risk of Covid-19 Spread’, Human Rights Watch Economy, 2 September, https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/09/02/cities-forcibly-evict-residents-south-africa, accessed 19 October 2021.
   Google Scholar
• Nxumalo, SB 2021, ‘Revisiting the relationship between property rights and land reform legislation in South Africa: Grobler v Phillips and others’, Property Law Blog, 22 December, https://www.law.ox.ac.uk/research-and-subject-groups/property-law/blog/2021/12/revisiting-relationship-between-property, accessed 29 April 2022.
   Google Scholar
• Ocheje, PD 2007, ‘In the public interest: Forced evictions, land rights and human development in Africa’, Journal of African Law, vol. 51, no. 2, pp. 173-214. doi: 10.1017/S0021855306000209
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Open Society Foundations 2020, Protecting the Right to Housing during COVID-19 crisis, Open Society Foundations Briefing Paper, pp. 1-42.
   Google Scholar
• Pikoli, Z 2020, ‘Demolitions and evictions: The eThekwini council has gone rogue’, Daily Maverick, 6 April, https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2020-04-06-demolitions-and-evictions-the-ethekwini-council-has-gone-rogue/, accessed 19 October 2021.
   Google Scholar
• Ramalekana, N 2017, ‘Balancing the scales in eviction cases in South Africa: A Note on Occupiers of erven 87 & 88 Berea v Christiaan Federick De Wet’, Oxford Human Rights Hub, 28 June, https://ohrh.law.ox.ac.uk/balancing-the-scales-in-eviction-cases-in-south-africa-a-note-on-occupiers-of-erven-87-88-berea-v-christiaan-frederick-de-wet/, accessed 19 October 2021.
   Google Scholar
• Ruiz, MR 1998, ‘Personal agency in feminist theory: Evicting the illusive dweller’, The Behavior Analyst, vol. 21, pp. 179-192. doi: 10.1007/BF03391962
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Socio-Economic Rights Institute of South Africa (SERI) 2020, Submission on The Impact of the COVID-19 Crisis in Housing Rights, pp. 1-35, http://www.seri-sa.org/images/SERI_submission_SR_COVID_19_9_July_2020.pdf, accessed 19 October 2021.
   Google Scholar
• Strauss, M & Liebenberg, S 2014, ‘Contested spaces: Housing rights and evictions law in post-apartheid South Africa’, Planning Theory, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 428-448. doi: 10.1177/1473095214525150
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Truter, M 2016, ‘Evictions: a sad reality in South Africa’, DereBus, 29 August, https://www.derebus.org.za/evictions-sad-reality-south-africa/, accessed 19 October 2021.
   Google Scholar
• Vols, M, Belloir, AC, Hoffman, SM & Zuidema, A 2019, ‘Common Trends in Eviction Research: A Systematic Literature Review’, in M Vols & CU Schmid (eds.), Houses, Homes and the Law, Eleven Publishing, The Hague.
   Google Scholar
• War on Want 2020, Durban authorities illegally evict shack dwellers with army and police despite Covid-19 lockdown, 3 April, https://waronwant.org/news-analysis/durban-authorities-illegally-evict-shack-dwellers-army-and-police-despite-covid-19, accessed 27 October 2021.
   Google Scholar
• Wilde, M 2020, ‘Eviction, gatekeeping and militant care: Moral economies of housing in austerity London’, Ethonos: Journal of Anthropology, pp. 1-20, https://doi.org/10.1080/00141844.2019.1687540
   Google Scholar