- Korea Herald, January 14, 2000.
- CSCAP was created in 1994 as a mechanism for non-official, track-two discussion of regional security matters. It operates a secretariat in Kuala Lumpur and is composed of member committees from fifteen countries in the region. Its activities include twice-yearly meetings of the steering committee, an annual meeting, and regular meetings of its five working groups.
- George Washington University had designed a special four-week program of study in international business practices for students and officials from North Korea. The UNDP had responsibility for identifying the program's North Korean participants. Two study tours involving five North Koreans in each group planned to visit Washington DC for two-week periods for lectures on international business practices.
- Shanghai University of Finance and Economics had designed an Economic Management Training Program with the assistance of the IBRD, the UNDP, the Swiss government and the government of the Netherlands. The program was intended to bring approximately 25 to 35 North Korean researchers and officials from the Central Bank, the Foreign Trade Bank, the Foreign Trade Ministry, and the Ministry of Finance. It was designed to provide instruction in economics, financial analysis, mathematics, computer skills, and English. This was part of continuous efforts by the IBRD and the UNDP, initiated at the beginning of the 1990s, to introduce North Korean officials to market economics. North Korea initially agreed on this program during a visit by a World Bank official Bradley Babson in February 1998. For consultation on this program, World Bank officials visited Pyongyang again in August and agreed to implement the program in November 1998. However, at the request of North Korea, it has been postponed. The Swiss and the Dutch governments offered funding for this program.
- The National Institute for Research Advancement (NIRA) in Japan had a plan to bring two North Korean agricultural experts in late 1998 for a 3-week study tour.
- The IMF and the UNDP planned a one-week workshop for twelve North Korean officials at the Institute for Finance and Banking in Beijing in October 1998.
- They had planned for a seven-week training program in Pyongyang for thirty government officials on market economy and financial policy, which was to be implemented in April 1999. These officials were then to be dispatched to Malaysia, Singapore, and Australia in May for a follow-up two-week study tour.
- Korean Association of Social Scientists, Institute of International Affairs, Academy of Agricultural Science, Academy of Social Sciences, Academy of Sciences, Korean National Studies Association, Institute for Disarmament and Peace, Institute for Food Development, Organization Board of Legal Service Institution, Kim II Sung University, Pyongyang Foreign Language University, University of National Economy, Asia Pacific Peace Committee, Committee to Aid Overseas Koreans, Committee for the Peaceful Reunification of the Fatherland, Committee for Promotion of External Economic Cooperation, Flood Damage Rehabilitation Committee, Korean Committee for Solidarity with the World's People, Supreme People's Assembly, Ministry of Foreign Trade, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of Agriculture (formerly Agriculture Commission), Ministry of Electricity and Coal Industry, Ministry of Public Health, Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications, Pyongyang Electric Appliance Factory, North Korean Red Cross Society, Electric Power Institute, Non-Conventional Energy Development Center, Korean Anti-Nuclear Peace Committee, Bar Association, Pyongyang City Court, Bongwha Hospital, Red Cross Hospital, Central Statistics Bureau, Moranbong Patents Office.
- North Korea established diplomatic ties with these countries, except for the US, in 2000 and 2001.
- Larry Diamond, “Beyond Authoritarianism and Totalitarianism: Strategies for Democratization,” Washington Quarterly, 12 (1) (Winter 1989), p. 150.
- They include First Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs Kang Sok-Ju, Vice Foreign Minister Kim Kye-Gwan, the Chairman of the Asia-Pacific Peace Committee, Kim Yong-Sun, and General Ri Yong-Chol, Director of the National Defense Commission.
Korean Journal of Defense Analysis
Volume 12, 2000 - Issue 2