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Original Articles

Coping with Pressure: South Korea's Defense Restructuring and the Impact of the Recent Economic Crisis

Pages 207-230 | Published online: 25 Mar 2009

  • “Korea on the Wings of Globalization,” Korea Times, online, May 28, 2000.
  • “Korean Navy Needs to Be Beefed Up,” Korea Times, online, May 2,1998.
  • “Five-year defense program targets new weapons, post-unification era,” Korea Herald, online, February 14, 1999; “Looking Long Term,” Newsview, pp. 8, 20 February 1999.
  • Interview with Lt. Gen. Kim In-Jong, Deputy Defense Minister for Policy in South Korea, Jane's Defense Weekly, June 30, 1999, p. 32.
  • Prasun K. Sengupta, “The Republic of Korea's Armed Forces at 50,” Asian Defense Journal, October 1998, pp. 7–8.
  • ROK Ministry of National Defense, “Reforming the Organization of National Defense and Military Structure,” Defense White Paper 1998–1999, online, 1999.
  • “Defense Ministry to reduce military force,” Korea Herald, online, August 20, 1999.
  • ROK Ministry of National Defense, Defense White Paper 1995–1996 (Seoul: 1996), pp. 192–93.
  • ROK Ministry of National Defense, “Force Improvement Programs for Advanced Weapons Systems,” Defense White Paper 1999–2000, online, 2000.
  • South Korea, Military Technology, XXIV (1), 2000, p. 298.
  • ROK Ministry of National Defense, Defense White Paper 1996–1997 (Seoul: Korean Institute for Defense Analysis, 1997), pp. 102–103.
  • ROK Ministry of National Defense, “Directions of Defense Reform,” Defense White Paper 1999–2000, online, 1999.
  • ROK Ministry of National Defense, Defense White Paper 1996–1997 (Seoul; 1997), pp. 105–107.
  • ROK Ministry of National Defense, “Force Improvement Programs for Advanced Weapon Systems,” Defense White Paper 1999–2000, online, 2000.
  • “Short-Range SAM Missiles Mass-Produced,” Korea Times, online, November 15, 1999.
  • “S. Korea develops Surface-to-Air Missile,” People's Daily, online, November 16, 1999.
  • Land Forces, Asian Defence Journal, May 5, 2000, p. 24.
  • Defense Ministry reportedly begins development of medium-range missiles, SWB, FE/3381 D/3, November 11, 1998.
  • Philip Finnegan, “S. Korea, U.S. Slowly Advance To Missile Pact,” Defense News, June 5, 2000, pp. 1, 26.
  • Shin Yong-bae, “Seoul to join MTCR early next year,” Korea Herald, online, November 25. 2000.
  • Sah Dong-seok, “Seoul to Begin Building 7,000-Ton Aegis Class Destroyer Next Year,” Korea Times, online, October 2, 2000.
  • Lee Sung-yul, “Navy shows consternation over possible purchase of Russian subs,” Korea Herald, online, May 1, 1999.
  • Kang Seok-jae, “Hyundai Heavy picked as builder of subs,” Korea Herald, online, November 23, 2000.
  • “ROK Defence Mission to Examine Russian Subs,” Korea Times, online, May 26, 2000.
  • Kang Seok-jae, “Government decides not to buy Russian submarines due to quality problems,” Korea Herald, online, October 10, 2000.
  • ROK Ministry of National Defense, Defense White Paper 1996–1997, 1996, pp. 1, 26.
  • “Golden Eagle casts sights over hunting grounds,” fane's International Defense Review, April 4, 2000, p. 12.
  • “Seoul to buy spy planes to beef up intelligence,” Korea Herald, online, August 8, 1999.
  • “ROK Opposes TMD Project,” Korea Times, online, May 12, 1999.
  • “Air Defense System Vulnerable Due to Nike Missiles,” Korea Times, online, July 27, 2000.
  • Kim Kwang-tae, “Defense Ministry Urged to Withdraw SAM-X Project,” Korea Times, online, November 7, 2000.
  • “Seoul Undecided on Missile Choice for Defense Program: Defense Ministry,” People's Daily, onn-line, November 11, 1999.
  • Chang Jae-soon, “Defense budget for 2001 up 6.5% from this year,” Korea Herald, online, October 3, 2000.
  • “Civilian Experts to be Brought into Military Procurement Process,” Korea Times, online, March 18, 1998.
  • “Presidential spokesman stresses military transparency,” Korea Herald, online, February 20, 1999.
  • “Defense Ministry Seeks Small But Effective Military,” Korea Times, online, July 3, 1998.
  • “Final plan for government reorganization unveiled,” Korea Herald, online, May 18, 1999.
  • “Agency views “significant” military reform planned for 1999,” SWB, FE/3431 D/5, January 13, 1999.
  • “Defense Ministry Mulls Setting Up New Military Procurement Body,” Korea Times, online, April 4, 1998.
  • ROK Ministry of National Defense, Defense White Paper 1995–1996, 1995, p. 12.
  • Barbara Opall-Rome, “South Korea Debates Future of Defense Industrial Base,” Defense News, May 3, 1999, p. 7.
  • ROK Ministry of National Defense, “Force Improvement Programs for Advanced Weapon Systems,” Defense White Paper 1999–2000, online, 1999.
  • Sung-yul, “Korea to spend 26.7 trillion won on five-year defense program,” Korea Herald, online, February 13, 1999.
  • Defense Industry In For Retooling, Korea Times, online, July 8, 1998.
  • “Foreigners Can Buy Defense Firms Freely,” Korea Times, online, April 20, 1998.
  • Douglas Barrie, “South Korean Industry Struggles Toward Merger,” Defense News, June 28, 1999, p. 23.
  • Shim Jae-Yun, “Samsung, Thomson Eye Defense Firm Here,” Korea Times, online, October 11, 1999.
  • ROK Ministry of National Defense, Defense White Paper 1996–1997, 1996, p. 119.
  • Barbara Opall, “Kim To Launch Reform of South Korean Military,” Defense News, January 5, 1998, pp. 1, 20.
  • “Korea to Cut Arms Purchases, But Keep Sharing Costs for U.S. Military Presence,” Newsreview, December 13, 1997, p. 9.
  • “Defense Ministry to replace foreign weaponry with domestic weapons,” SWB, FE/3119 D/4, January 8, 1998.
  • Philip Finnegan, “S. Korea Military Rebounds with Economy,” Defense News, September 20, 1999, p. 76.
  • Barbara Opall-Rome, “Four-Year, $21.8 Billion Investment Targets North Korea, Future Threats,” Defense News, March 15, 1999, p. 1.
  • Quoted in Defense Ministry announces budget increase to “better match” North, Yonhap News Agency, February 12, 1999.
  • Jung Ku-Hyun, “Asian Economic Crisis and Corporate Restructuring,” Nautilus Institute, online, March 12, 1999.
  • Leaner and Meaner, Newsreview, August 28, 1999, pp. 24–25.
  • Worker bosses, The Economist, March 6,1999, pp. 87–88; also, “Local SME's borrowing amounts to 44.76 trillion won last year,” Korea Herald, online, November 4, 1999.
  • Michael J. Mazaar and Jeffrey G. Lewis, “Global Economic Trends and the ROK Economy,” Korea and World Affairs, XXJI (1) (Spring 1998), p. 39.
  • Jung Ku-Hyun, “Asian Economic Crisis and Corporate Restructuring,” Nautilus Institute, online, March 12, 1999.
  • Yoo Cheong-Mo, “KDI urges closure of Samsung plant in Pusan,” Korea Herald, online, July 8, 1999; also, Charles S. Lee, “Daewoo Daze,” Far Eastern Economic Review, August 5, 1999, p. 45.
  • ROK Ministry of National Defense, “Force Improvement Programs for Advanced Weapon Systems,” Defense White Paper 1999–2000, online, 2000.
  • Koo Bon-Kwan, “Contraction of R&D investment and suggestions for its revitalization,” Korea Herald, online, May 3, 1999; also, Yoo Cheong-Mo, “Cuts in R&D accelerate brain drain; Over 5,000 researchers have left Korea since the IMF crisis, stifling recovery,” Korea Herald, online, May 5, 1999.
  • Prasun K. Sengupta, “Market Conditions Threaten Korean KTX-2 Trainer,” Asian Defence Journal, September 9, 1999, pp. 54–65.
  • Nho Joon-hun, “Government Creates Disarray With Inconsistent Policies,” Korea Times, online, June 4, 2000.
  • Chang Jae-soon, “Lack of comprehensive policy fuels winter struggle,” Korea Herald, online. November 21. 2000.
  • Kang Seok-jae, “Exports of defense materials reach about $200 million in 1999,” Korea Herald, online, February 14, 2000.

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