- John S. Wolf, “US Approaches to Nonproliferation,” An Electronic Journal of the US Department of State 7, No. 2 (July 2002), p. 8.
- Richard W. Chadwick, “Northeast Asian International Politics and Alternative Korean Futures: An Early 21st Century Appraisal,” Forthcoming at International Journal of Korean Unification Studies 11, No. 1 (2002). In addition to WMDs threat, the USA's National Intelligence Council points out that”…narco traffickers, and organized criminals will take advantage of the new high-speed information environment…to compound their threat to stability and security around the world” perhaps with EMP (electro-magnetic pulse) 'bombs' and cyberwar software. United States National Intelligence Council, Global Trends 2015: A Dialogue about the Future with Nongovernment Experts. NIC 2000–02, December 2000, GPO stock number 041–015-00211-2. Available at http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/globaltrends2015/index.html.
- Paul Beaver, “Ten Nodongs Fielded But Accuracy Is Low, Says USA,” Jane's Defense Weekly, May 28, 1997, p. 4.
- State of the Union Address, January 29, 2002. As for Bush's remarks, a chorus of European leaders indicated that they would oppose military action against the states, as the split between Europe and Washington widened further. Jack Straw, the foreign secretary EU responded with fury to a comment that the axis of evil speech was more of a vote-winning tactic in forthcoming US elections than a military strategy. Continually, Berlin's deputy foreign minister, Ludger Vollmer, added: “We Europeans warn against it. There is no indication, no proof that Iraq is involved in the terrorism…. This terror argument cannot be used to legitimise old enmities.” Guardian, February 5, 2002. Both China and Russia retaining close ties to Iraq, Iran and North Korea also presented it has no proof that those nations support terrorism. New York Times, February 4, 2002. Continually, China suggested the United States was preparing the ground for widening its war on terrorism. New York Times, February 3, 2002.
- Scott Snyder, “Pyongyang's Pressure,” Washington Quarterly 23, No. 3 (Summer 2000), p. 163.
- For a detailed description, see CIA, “Unclassified Report to Congress on the Acquisition of Technology Relating to Weapons of Mass Destruction and Advanced Conventional Munitions” July 1 Through 31, December 31, 2000; Remarks by the Deputy Director of Central Intelligence Johan E. McLaughlin to Texas A&M Conference “North Korea: Engagement or Confrontation,” April 17, 2001.
- Fry Richardson , Lewis . 1960 . Arms and Insecurity Pittsburgh : Boxwood . see also (For detailed explanation on action-reaction, see Richard W. Chadwick, “Richardson Processes and Arms Transfers, 1971–1980: A Preliminary Analysis,” Journal of Peace Research 23, No. 4 (1986);
- Statement by Carl W. Ford, Jr, Assistant Secretary of State for Intelligence and Research before the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations hearing on Reducing the Threat of Chemical and Biological Weapons (hereafter Statement by Ford), March 19, 2002. Available at: http://www.fas.org/bwc/news/testimony/CT2002March19Ford.htm.
- North Korea entered into the BWC, but has not yet entered into the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC).
- “Biological Weapons Program,” available at http://fas.org/nuke/guide/dprk/bw/index.html
- Statement by Ford, March 19, 2002.
- Ibid.
- Baker Spring, “Taking Points: Terrorist Attack on America Confirms the Growing Need for Missile Defense, Backgrounder, No. 1477 (September 20, 2001), p.1.
- Rodong Sinmun, August 2, 2001. Concerning this, Former Secretary of defense William Perry in interview on the News Hour, Public Broadcasting System, September 17, 1999 said, “While they have many reasons for wanting this missile program, their primary reason is security, is deterrence. Whom would they be deterring? They would be deterring the United Sates. We do not think of ourselves as a threat to North Korea, but I fully believe that they consider us a threat to them.
- Text: Korea Envoy Pritchard Testimony July 26 Before House Panel, Washington File, July 26, 2001.
- Deputy Secretary of Defense Paul Wolfowitz, Prepared Testimony on Ballistic Missile Defense to the Senate Armed Services Committee, July 12, 2001.
- Defense News, September 1–7, 1997.
- James Cotton, “North Korea's Nuclear and Missile Proliferation and Regional Security,” Current Issues Brief 1, 1999–2000.
- Members of the Commission to Assess the Ballistic Missile Threat to the United States, “Executive Summary of the Report of the Commission to Assess the Ballistic Missile Threat to the United States,” July 15, 1998 (Pursuant to Public Law 201104th Congress), hereafter abbreviated as the Report of the Commission to Assess the Ballistic Missile Threat.
- National Intelligence Council, “Foreign Missile Developments and the Ballistic Missile Threat to the United States Through 2015,” September 1999.
- “The Report of the Commission to Assess the Ballistic Missile Threat.“
- Spring, “Taking Points: Terrorist Attack on America Confirms the Growing Need for Missile Defense,” p. 1.
- Moodie , Michael L. “The Chemical Weapons Threat,” in Sidney D. Drell, Abraham D. Sofaer, and George D. Wilson, eds., The New Terror: Facing the Threat of Biological and Chemical Weapons (Stanford, California: Hoover Institution Press 1999), pp. 15–16.
- Wikening , Dean A. “BCW Attack Scenarios,” in Sidney D. Drell, Abraham D. Sofaer, and George D. Wilson, eds., The New Terror: Facing the Threat of Biological and Chemical Weapons (Stanford, California: Hoover Institution Press 1999), p. 88.
- Larry Niksch, “North Korea's Coming ICBM,” Northeast Asia Peace and Security Network, No. 99–03 (February 10, 1999).
- Senator Joseph Biden's Remarks, cited on Reuters, June 7, 2001.
- It is persistently reported that “North Korea's sales of missiles and missile technology bring in upwards of $500 million annually appear to hark back to several years in the 1980s, when the Iran-Iraq war resulted in high demand for Scuds.” David C. Wright, “The Case for Engaging North Korea,” published in Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, March 1999, available at www.uscusa.org/security/NKcase.html.
- “Text: Deputy CIA Director Examines Challenges Posed by North Korea,” Washington File, April 23, 2001.
- Joseph S. Bermudez Jr. “DPRK-Pakistan Ghauri Missile Cooperation,” August 12, 1998, available at http://www.aisa-research.com/Ghauri-DPRK.html.
- Ibid.
- Richard D. Fisher. Jr., “Time to Stop North Korea's Missile Blackmail,” The Heritage Foundation Executive Memorandum, No. 550 (September 8, 1998).
- Radio Free Asia, May 28,1999, cited by the Central Intelligence Agency of the U.S. For on thing, it would be noted that the market prospects are bleak: the international demand for missiles has shrunk; client nations of missiles are focusing on their own missile production after missile technology has been transferred to them along with missiles; and Middle East clients don't need long-range missile to hit targets in Israel. Korea Times, April 1, 1999.
- Washington Post, May 5, 2001.
- “Worldwide Threat 2001: National Security in a Changing World,” Statement by Director of Central Intelligence George J. Tenet before the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, February 7, 2001.
- Korean Central News Agency, June 16, 2000.
- Korean Central News Agency, June 16, 1998.
- Leon V. Sigal, “Negotiating an End To North Korea's Missile-Making,” Arms Control Today (June 2000), p. 6.
- Morton Abramowitz, James T. Laney, and Robert A. Manning, “Report of the Independent Task Force on Korea,” Sponsored by the Council on Foreign Relations, June 11, 2001.
- Larry A. Niksch, “Korea: U.S.-South Korean Relations—Issues for Congress,” CRS Issue Brief for Congress, March 5, 2002, p. 5.
- Korean Central News Agency, February 7, 2002.
- Statement of Secretary of State-designate Colin L. Powell, Prepared for the Confirmation Hearing of the US Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, January 17, 2001.
- Kerry M, Kartchner, “Missile Defenses and New Approaches to Deterrence,” Electronic Journals of the U.S. Department of State (July 18, 2002), available at http://usinfo.state.gov/topical/pol/arms/02071904.htm.
- Wolf, “U.S. Approaches to Nonproliferation,” p. 10.
- Remarks by the President to Students and Faculty at National Defense University, May 1, 2001.
- Rodong Sinmun, August 2, 2001.
- Snyder, “Pyongyang's Pressure,” p. 163.
- Ibid., p. 170.
- James A. Kelly, Assistant Secretary of State Nominee for East Asian and Pacific Affairs, Confirmation Hearing before the Committee on Foreign Relations, Senate, April 26, 2001, hereafter abbreviated as Kelly's Confirmation.
- “Transcript: Powell Discusses Korean Peninsula, Missile Defense,” Washington File, July 27, 2001.
- Michael R. Gordon, “How Politics Sank Accord on Missiles with North Korea, New York Times, March 6, 2001.
Korean Journal of Defense Analysis
Volume 14, 2002 - Issue 2