The educational effects of code-switching in the classroom – benefits and setbacks: A case of selected senior secondary schools in Botswana

References

• Adendorff, R. 1996. The functions of code-switching among high school teachers and students in KwaZulu and implications for teacher education. In Voices from the language classroom: Qualitative research in second language education, ed. K.M. Bailey and D. Nunan, 388–406. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Akindele, D.F. and M. Letsoela.2001. Code-switching in Lesotho secondary and high schools: Lessons and its effects on teaching and learning. BOLESWA Educational Research Journal 18: 83–100.
   Google Scholar
• Arthur, J. 2001. Code-switching and collusion: Classroom interaction in Botswana primary schools. In Voices of authority: Education and linguistic difference, ed. M. Heller and M. Martin-Jones, 57–75. Westport, CT: Ablex.
   Google Scholar
• Auer, P. 1984. Bilingual conversation. Philadelphia, PA: John Benjamins.
   Google Scholar
• Bamgbose, A. 1991. Language and the nation: The language question in Sub-Saharan Africa. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Batibo, H. 2004. The role of minority languages in education and development in Africa. In The language web, ed. M. Kriel, 26–33. Port Elizabeth: University of Port Elizabeth.
   Google Scholar
• Batibo, H. 2006. The language situation in Botswana. In Encyclopedia of language and linguistics, ed. K. Brown, Vol. 2, 99–101. 2nd ed. Oxford: Elsevier.
   Google Scholar
• Bissoonauth, A. and M. Offord. 2001. Language use of Mauritian adolescents in education. Linguistics: Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 22(5): 381–399.
   Google Scholar
• Bokamba, E. 1988. Code-mixing, language variation, and linguistic theory: Evidence from Bantu languages. Lingua 76: 21–62.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braine, G. 2002. Academic literacy and the non-native speaker graduate student. Journal of English for Academic Purposes 1(1): 59–68.
   Google Scholar
• Canagarajah, S. 2002. Multilingual writers and the academic community: Towards a critical relationship. Journal of English for Academic Purposes 1(1): 29–44.
   Google Scholar
• Cummins, J. 1979. Basic interpersonal communication skills and cognitive academic language proficiency. http://www.iteachilearn.com/cummins/bicscalp.html (accessed 28 November 2009).
   Google Scholar
• . Eldridge, J. 1996. Code-switching in a Turkish secondary school. ELT Journal 50(4): 303–311. http://eltj.oxfordjournals.org/content/50/4/303.full.pdf+html(accessed 11 March 2013).
   Google Scholar
• Government of Botswana. 1994. White paper No. 2. Gaborone: Government Printer.
   Google Scholar
• Hymes, D. 1977. Foundations in sociolinguistics: An ethnographic approach. London: Tavistock.
   Google Scholar
• Kamwangamalu, N.M. 2000. The state of code-switching research at the dawn of the new millennium: Focus on Africa. SAALA (Association) Southern African Linguistics and Applied Language Studies 18: 59–71.
   Google Scholar
• Kamwangamalu, N.M. 2004. Linguistic renaissance for an African renaissance: Language policy and language planning. In The language web, ed. M. Kriel, 26–33. Port Elizabeth: University of Port Elizabeth.
   Google Scholar
• Kieswetter, A. 1995. Code-switching amongst African high school pupils within different social contexts. MA dissertationUniversity of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg. http://wiredspace.wits.ac.za/handle/10539/10972(accessed 8 August 2013).
   Google Scholar
• Lawson, S. and I. Sachdev. 2000. Code-switching in Tunisia: Attitudinal and behavioural dimensions. Journal of Pragmatics 32: 1343–1361.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leedy, P.D. and J.E. Ormrod. 2005. Practical research: planning and design. 8th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Merrill Prentice Hall.
   Google Scholar
• Mafela, L. 2009. Code-switching in Botswana History classrooms in the decade of education for sustainable development. Language Matters 40(1): 56–79.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Magogwe, J.M.S. 2005. Language learning strategies of Botswana students: An exploratory study. PhD thesis, Edith Cowan University, Perth.
   Google Scholar
• Martin-Jones, M. and M. Saxena. 2001. Turn-taking and the positioning of bilingual participants in classroom discourse: Insights from primary schools in England. In Voices of authority: Education and linguistic difference, ed. M. Heller and M. Martin-Jones, 117–138. Westport, CT: Ablex.
   Google Scholar
• Mokgwathi, T.S. Role of code-switching in teaching and learning in selected senior secondary schools in Botswana. PhD thesis, University of Pretoria.
   Google Scholar
• Molosiwa, A.A. 2006. Literacy instruction in an examination-oriented environment: Perceptions of secondary school teachers in Botswana. PhD thesis, Michigan State University.
   Google Scholar
• Moyo, T. 1996. Code-switching among competent bilinguals: A case for linguistic, cultural and group identity. Southern African Journal of Applied Language Studies 4(1): 20–31.
   Google Scholar
• Myers-Scotton, C. 1993. Social motivations for code-switching: Evidence from Africa. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
   Google Scholar
• National Commission on Education No. 2 (NCE 2). 1993. Report of the Second National Commission on Education. Gaborone: Government Printer.
   Google Scholar
• Norusis, M.J. 1998. Guide to data analysis. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
   Google Scholar
• Nyati-Ramahobo, L. 2004. The language situation in Botswana. In Language planning and policy in Africa. Vol. 1: Botswana, Malawi, Mozambique, and South Africa, ed. R.B. Baldauf Jr. and R.B. Kaplan, 21–78. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
   Google Scholar
• Poplack, S. 1978. Sometimes I'll start a sentence in Spanish y termino en Espanol: Toward a typology of code-switching. Linguistics 18: 581–618.
   Google Scholar
• Statistics Botswana. 2011. Botswana in figures. Gaborone: Government Printer.
   Google Scholar
• Webb, V.N. 1995. Revalorizing the autochthonous languages of Africa. In The language in contact and conflict in Africa (LiCCA) Research and Development Conference Report, September 25–27 1993, ed. V.N. Webb, 97–117. Maseru: LiCCA.
   Google Scholar
• Webb, V.N. 2002. English as a second language in South Africa's tertiary institutions: A case study at the University of Pretoria. World Englishes 21(1): 49–61.
   Google Scholar