The Politics of “Minority” Languages in Zimbabwe

References

• Aldridge, A., and K. Levine. 2001. Surveying the Social World: Principles and Practices in Survey Research. Buckingham: Open University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Bailey, K. 1994. Methods of Social Research. 4th ed. New York: Free Press.
   Google Scholar
• Brenzinger, M. 1998. “Various Ways of Dying and Different Kinds of Deaths: Scholarly Approaches to Language Endangerment on the African Continent.” In: Studies in Endangered Languages: Papers from the International Symposium on Endangered Languages, Tokyo, 18–20 November 1995), edited by K. Matsumura, 85–100. Tokyo: Hituzi Syobo.
   Google Scholar
• Chivhanga, E., and S. Chimhenga. 2013. “Language Planning in Zimbabwe: The Use of Indigenous Languages (Shona) as a Medium of Instruction in Primary Schools.” IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science (IOSR-JHSS) 12 (5): 58–65. https://doi.org/10.9790/0837-1255865.
   Google Scholar
• Civil Evidence Act. Parliament of Zimbabwe. Constitution of Rhodesia 1969. Government of Rhodesia.
   Google Scholar
• Constitution of Zimbabwe (Amendment Number 20) 2013. Government of Zimbabwe. Education Ordinance No. 1 of 1903. Government of Rhodesia.
   Google Scholar
• Fairclough, N. 2001. Language and Power. 2nd ed. London: Longman.
   Google Scholar
• Fulcher, G. 1989. Doubling Policies? A Comparative Approach to Education Policy and Disability, London: Falmer Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hadebe, S. 1996. “Zimbabwe’s Policy on ‘Minority’ Languages: A Noble Idea without a Purpose.” Paper presented at the First Annual Conference of the Languages Association, University of Zimbabwe.
   Google Scholar
• Haugen, E. 1972. “The Ecology of Language”: In: Essays by Einar Haugen. Edited and introduced by A. S. Dil, 325–339, Stanford: Stanford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• High Court Act. Chapter 7:06. Parliament of Zimbabwe, Government of Zimbabwe.
   Google Scholar
• Hornberger, N. 2002. “Multilingual Language Policies and the Continua of Biliteracy: An Ecological Approach.” Language Policy 1 (1): 27–51. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1014548611951.
   Google Scholar
• Jeater, D. 2001. “Speaking Like a Native: Vernacular Languages and the State in Southern Rhodesia, 1890– 1935.” Journal of African History 42 (3): 449–468. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021853701007988.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson, A. C. 2011. “Critical Discourse Analysis and the Ethnography of Language Policy.” Critical Discourse Studies 8 (4): 269–279. https://doi.org/10.1080/17405904.2011.601636.
   Google Scholar
• Kadenge, M., and V. Mugari. 2015. “The Current Politics of African Languages in Zimbabwe.” Per Linguam: A Journal for Language Learning 31 (2): 21–34. https://doi.org/10.5785/31-2-658.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krauss, M. 1992. “The World’s Languages in Crisis.” Language 68 (1): 4–10. https://doi.org/10.1353/lan.1992.0075.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lancaster House Agreement, Constitutional Conference of 21 December 1979, Lancaster House, London.
   Google Scholar
• Liasidou, A. 2008. “Critical Discourse Analysis and Educational Policies: The Power to Exclude.” Journal of Education Policy 23 (5): 483–500. https://doi.org/10.1080/02680930802148933.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Magistrates Court Act. Chapter 7:10. Parliament of Zimbabwe, Government of Zimbabwe.
   Google Scholar
• Makoni, S, B. Dube, and P. Mashiri. 2006. “Zimbabwe Colonial and Post-colonial Language Policy and Planning Practices.” Current Issues in Language Planning 9 (4): 377–414. https://doi.org/10.2167/cilp108.0.
   Google Scholar
• Makoni, S, B. Makoni, and N. Nyika. 2008. “Language Planning from Below: The Case of the Tonga in Zimbabwe.” Current Issues in Language Planning. 9 (4): 413–439. https://doi.org/10.1080/14664200802354419.
   Google Scholar
• Matsumura, K., ed. 1998. Studies in Endangered Languages: Papers from the Internationalm Symposium on Endangered Languages. Tokyo. 18–20 November 1995. Tokyo: Hiluzi Syobo.
   Google Scholar
• Nhongo, R. 2013. “A National Language Policy for Zimbabwe in the Twenty-First Century: Myths or Reality?” Journal of Language Teaching and Research 4 (6): 1208–1215. https://doi.org/10.4304/jltr.4.6.1208-1215.
   Google Scholar
• Nyika, N. 2008. “‘Our Languages Are Equally Important’. Struggles for the Revitalization of Minority Languages in Zimbabwe.” Southern African Linguistics and Applied Studies 26 (4): 457–470. https://doi.org/10.2989/SALALS.2008.26.4.4.676.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phillipson, R., and T. Skutnabb-Kangas. 1996. “English Only Worldwide or Linguistic Ecology?” TESOL Quarterly 30 (3): 429–452. https://doi.org/10.2307/3587692.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rubio-Marin, R. 2003. Discourse and Discrimination. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Skutnabb-Kangas, T. 2000. Linguistic Genocide in Education—Or Worldwide Diversity and Human Rights. Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum.
   Google Scholar
• Skutnabb-Kangas, T., and R. Phillipson, eds. 1994. Linguistic Human Rights. Overcoming Linguistic Discrimination. Berlin: Morton de Gruyter.
   Google Scholar
• Small Claims Courts Act. Chapter 7:12. Parliament of Zimbabwe, Government of Zimbabwe.
   Google Scholar
• Spolsky, B. 2004. Language Policy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Statute Law of Southern Rhodesia, from 1st January 1911 to 31st December 1922. Supreme Court Act. Chapter 7:13. Parliament of Zimbabwe, Government of Zimbabwe.
   Google Scholar
• Taylor, S. 2004. “Researching Educational Policy and Change in ‘New Times’: Using Critical Discourse Analysis.” Journal of Educational Policy 33 (1): 47–62. https://doi.org/10.1080/0268093042000227483.
   Google Scholar
• UNESCO. 1997. Intergovernmental Conference on Language Policies in Africa: Harare, Zimbabwe, 17– 21 March 1997. Harare: UNESCO.
   Google Scholar
• Usadolo, S. E. 2010. “Justice through Language: A Critical Analysis of the use of Foreign African Interpreters in South African Courtrooms.” PhD thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University.
   Google Scholar
• Wodak, R. 2006. Critical Linguistics and Critical Discourse Analysis. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. https://doi.org/10.1075/hop.10.cri1.
   Google Scholar