References
- Agnihotri, R. K. 2014. “Multilinguality, Education and Harmony.” International Journal of Multilingualism 11 (3): 364–379. https://doi.org/10.1080/14790718.2014.921181
- Alexander, N. 2011. “Affirmative Action and the Perpetuation of Racial Identities in Post- Apartheid South Africa.” Transformation Critical Perspectives on Southern Africa 63 (1): 92–108. https://doi.org/10.1353/trn.2007.0013
- Anderson, M. 2015. “The Cost of English-Only Education.” Atlantic, November 2, 2015. Accessed January 1, 2018. http://www.theatlantic.com/education/archive/2015/11/the-costs-of-english-only-education/413494/.
- Alvesson, M., K. L. Aschcraft, and R. Thomas. 2008. “Identity Matters: Reflections on the Construction of Identity Scholarship in Organization Studies.” Organization 15 (1): 5–28. https://doi.org/10.1177/1350508407084426
- Aronin, L. 2015. “Current Multilingualism and New Developments in Multilingualism Research.” In Learning and Using Multiple Languages: Current Findings from Research on Multilingualism, edited by P. Safont Jordà and L. Portolés Falomir, 1–28. Cambridge: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
- Benin Benor, S. 2016. “Jews of Color: Performing Black Jewishness through the Creative Use of Two Ethnolinguistic Repertoires.” In Raciolinguistics: How Languages Shapes Our Ideas about Race, edited by H. S. Alim, J. R. Rickford, and A. F. Ball, 171–184. Oxford: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190625696.003.0010
- Bhabha, H. 1994. The Location of Culture. London: Routledge.
- Block, D. 2007. Second Language Identities. London: Continuum.
- Brieger, S.A. 2018. “Social Identity and Environmental Concern: The Importance of Contextual Effects.” Environment and Behaviour 51 (7): 828–855. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916518756988
- Burke, P. J. 1980. “The Self: Measurement Requirements from an Interactionist Perspective.” Social Psychology Quarterly 43 (1): 18–29. https://doi.org/10.2307/3033745
- Canagarajah, A. S. 2005. “Reconstructing Local Knowledge, Reconfiguring Language Studies.” In Reclaiming the Local in Language Policy and Practice, edited by A. S. Canagarajah, 3–25. London: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781410611840
- Canagarajah, A. S. 2013. Translingual Practice: Global Englishes and Cosmopolitan Relations. New York: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203073889
- Charmaz, K. 2005. “Grounded Theory in the 21st Century: Applications for Advancing Social Justice Studies.” In The Sage Handbook of Qualitative Research, edited by N. K Denzin and Y.S. Lincoln, 507–535. 3rd ed. London: Sage Publications.
- Chiumia, S. 2016. “Factsheet: How Many International Migrants Are There in SA?” Africa Check, August 14, 2016. Last modified July 31, 2017. https://africacheck.org/factsheets/data-migrants-numbers/.
- Coetzee-Van Rooy, S. 2020. “Being English in Multilingual South Africa.” World Englishes. https://doi.org/10.1111/weng.12475
- Darvin, R. and B. Norton. 2014. “Transnational Identity and Migrant Language Learners: The Promise of Digital Storytelling.” Education Matters 1 (2): 55–66.
- DoE (Department of Education). 1997. Language in Education Policy. Pretoria: Government Printer.
- Du Plessis, C., and T. du Plessis. 2015. “Dealing with Disparities: The Teaching and Assessment of Official Languages at First Language Level in the Grade 12 School- Leaving Phase in South Africa.” Language, Culture and Curriculum 28 (3): 209–225. https://doi.org/10.1080/07908318.2015.1083999
- Erikson, E. 1968. Identity, Youth and Crisis. New York: Norton.
- Flores, N., and H. B. Beardsmore. 2015. “Programs and Structures in Bilingual and Multilingual Education.” In The Handbook of Bilingual and Multilingual Education, edited by W. E. Wright, S. Boun, and O. García, 205–222. Somerset, NJ: John Wiley and Sons. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118533406.ch12
- Francis, D., and A. le Roux. 2011. Teaching for Social Justice Education: The Intersection Between Identity, Critical Agency and Social Justice Education.” South African Journal of Education 31 (3): 299–311. https://doi.org/10.15700/saje.v31n3a533
- Gal, S. and J.T. Irvine. 1995. “The Boundaries of Languages and Disciplines: How Ideologies Construct Difference.” Social Research 62 (4): 967–1001.
- García, O. 2009. Bilingual Education in the 21st Century: A Global Perspective. Malden, MA: Wiley/Blackwell.
- García, O., and L. Wei. 2014. Translanguaging: Language Bilingualism and Education. London: Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137385765_4
- Glaser, B., and A. Strauss. 1967. The Discovery of Grounded Theory. Chicago: Aldine.
- Hall, S. 1996. “New Ethnicities.” In Stuart Hall: Critical Dialogues in Cultural Studies, edited by D. Morley and C. Kuan-Hsing, 442–451. London: Routledge.
- Hassim, S., T. Kupe, and E. Worby. 2008. Go Home or Die Here: Violence, Xenophobia and the Reinvention of Difference in South Africa. Johannesburg: Wits University Press. https://doi.org/10.18772/22008114877
- Heugh, K. 2000. “The Case Against Bilingual and Multilingual Education in South Africa.” PRAESA Occasional Paper 6. Cape Town: PRAESA.
- Heugh, K. 2015. “Epistemologies in Multilingual Education: Translanguaging and Genre– Companions in Conversation with Policy and Practice.” Language and Education 29 (3): 280–285. https://doi.org/10.1080/09500782.2014.994529
- Heugh, K. and C.H. Prinsloo. 2013. The Role of Language and Literacy in Preparing South African Learners for Educational Success: Lessons Learnt from a Classroom Study in Limpopo Province. Pretoria: HSRC Press.
- Hibbert, L., and C. van der Walt, eds. 2014. Multilingual Universities in South Africa: Reflecting Society in Higher Education. Bristol: Multilingual Matters. https://doi.org/10.21832/9781783091669
- Human Rights Watch. 2020. “World Report 2020: South Africa.” Human Rights Watch. Accessed July 15, 2020. https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2020/country-chapters/southafrica
- Ibrahim, N. 2013. “Being Bilingual … Multilingual Identities.” British Council, May 13, 2013. Accessed January 10, 2018. https://www.britishcouncil.fr/blog/being-bilingual-multilingual-identities.
- Ibrahim N. 2017. “Developing Literacy, and Identities, in Multiple Languages.” In Literacies and Language Education, edited by B. V. Street and S. May, 211–224. Cham: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02252-9_25
- IOL 2018. “South Africans React to Tony Ehrenreich’s Call to Scrap the Term ‘Coloured’.” IOL, September 20, 2018. https://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/south-africans-react-to-tony-ehrenreichs-call-to-scrap-the-term-coloured-17161067
- Irvine, J. T. and S. Gal. 2000. “Language Ideology and Linguistic Differentiation.” In Regimes of Language: Ideologies, Polities, and Identities, edited by P. V. Kroskrity, 35–84. Santa Fe: School of American Research Press.
- Israelite, N., J. Liver, and G. Goldstein. 2002. “Hard of Hearing Adolescents and Identity Construction: Influences of School Experiences, Peers and Teachers.” Deaf Education 7 (2): 134–148. https://doi.org/10.1093/deafed/7.2.134
- Jacquemet, M. 2005. “Transidiomatic Practices: Language and Power in the Age of Globalization.” Language and Communication 25 (3): 257–277. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.langcom.2005.05.001
- Kajee, L. 2011. “Literacy Journeys: Home and Family Literacy Practices in Immigrant Households and their Congruence with Schooled Literacy.” South African Journal of Education 31 (3): 434–446. https://doi.org/10.15700/saje.v31n3a545
- Kerfoot, C. and Tatah, G. 2016. “Constructing Invisibility: An Immigrant Learner in South Africa.” Working Papers in Urban Languages and Literacies 192. London: King’s College, London. https://www.kcl.ac.uk/ecs/research/research-centres/ldc/publications/workingpapers/abstracts/wp192
- Kozinets, R.V. 2010. Netnography: Doing Ethnographic Research Online. London: Sage.
- Mahembe, M. 2012. “The Psychosocial Experiences of Immigrant Learners at Primary School in the Western Cape.” PhD. diss, Stellenbosch University.
- Makalela, L. 2015. “Moving out of Linguistic Boxes: The Effects of Translanguaging Strategies for Multilingual Classrooms.” Language and Education 29 (3): 200–217. https://doi.org/10.1080/09500782.2014.994524
- Makoe, P. and C. McKinney. 2014. “Linguistic Ideologies in Multilingual South African Suburban Schools.” Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 35 (7): 658–673. https://doi.org/10.1080/01434632.2014.908889
- Marcia, J. E., 1980. “Identity in Adolescence.” In Handbook of Adolescent Psychology, edited by J. Adelson, 159–187. New York: John Wiley and Sons.
- Marishane, N. 2013. “The Right to Basic Education for All: Addressing the Educational Needs and Barriers of Immigrant Learners in South Africa.” International Journal of Educational Administration and Policy Studies 5 (1): 1–7.
- Nkambule, T. 2013. “Immigrant Learners Learning Linear Programming in Multilingual Classrooms in South Africa.” PhD diss, University of South Africa.
- Norton, B. 2015. “Identity, Investment, and Faces of English Internationally.” Chinese Journal of Applied Linguistics 38 (4): 375–391. https://doi.org/10.1515/cjal-2015-0025
- Ortega, L. 2018. “SLA in Uncertain Times: Disciplinary Constraints, Transdisciplinary Hopes.” Working Papers in Educational Linguistics 33 (1): 1–30. https://repository.upenn.edu/wpel/vol33/iss1/1
- Palmer, D. 2011. “The Discourse of Transition: Teachers' Language Ideologies within Transitional Bilingual Education Programs.” International Multilingual Research Journal 5 (2): 103–122. https://doi.org/10.1080/19313152.2011.594019
- Phinney, J.S. 2008. “Bridging Identities and Disciplines: Advances and Challenges in Understanding Multiple Identities.” New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development 120: 97–109. https://doi.org/10.1002/cd.218
- Pl ddemann, P. 2015. “Unlocking the Grid: Language-in-Education Policy Realization in Post- apartheid South Africa.” Language and Education 29(3): 186–199. https://doi.org/10.1080/09500782.2014.994523
- Probyn, M. 2015. “Pedagogical Translanguaging: Bridging Discourses in South African Science Classrooms.” Language and Education 29(3): 218–234. https://doi.org/10.1080/09500782.2014.994525
- Richards, L. and J.M. Morse. 2012. Readme First for a User's Guide to Qualitative Methods. London: Sage.
- Roth-Gordon, J. “From Upstanding Citizen to North American Rapper and Back Again: The Racial Malleability of Poor Male Brazilian Youth.” In Raciolinguistics: How Language Shapes Our Ideas about Race, edited by H. S. Alim, J. R. Rickford, and A. F. Ball, 51–64. Oxford: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190625696.001.0001
- Ruiz, R. 1984. “Orientations in Language Planning.” Journal of the National Association of Bilingual Education 8 (2): 15–34. https://doi.org/10.1080/08855072.1984.10668464
- Ruiz de Zarobe, L. and Y. Ruiz de Zarobe. 2015. “New Perspectives on Multilingualism and L2 Acquisition: An Introduction.” International Journal of Multilingualism 12 (4): 393–403. https://doi.org/10.1080/14790718.2015.1071021
- South Africa. 1996. Constitution of the Republic of South Africa. Pretoria: Government Printer.
- StatsSA (Statistics South Africa). 2018. Statistical Release Mid-Year Population Estimates. July 10, 2018. Accessed July 10, 2018. http://www.statssa.gov.za/publications/P0302/P03022018.pdf
- Stryker, S., and R.T. Serpe. 1982. “Commitment, Identity Salience and Role Behaviour: Theory and Research Example.” In Personality, Roles and Social Behavior, edited by W. Ickes and E.S. Knowles, 192–216. New York: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-9469-3_7
- Suárez-Orozco, C. 2000. “Identities Under Siege: Immigration Stress and Social Mirroring Among the Children of Immigrants.” In Cultures Under Siege: Collective Violence and Trauma, edited by A. C. G. M. Robben and M. M. Suárez-Orozco, 194–226. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Tajfel, H. 2010. Social Identity and Intergroup Relations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Ushioda, E. 2017. “The Impact of Global English on Motivation to Learn Other Languages: Towards an Ideal Multilingual Self.” Modern Language Journal 101 (3): 469–482. https://doi.org/10.1111/modl.12413
- Vandeyar, S. 2011. “Immigrant Students’ Shifting Identifications in South African Schools.” International Journal of Educational Development 32 (2): 232–240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2011.03.006
- Vandeyar, S. 2013. “Youthscapes: The Politics of Belonging for “Makwerekwere” Youth in South African Schools.” Citizenship Studies 17 (3–4): 447–63. https://doi.org/10.1080/13621025.2013.793079
- Vandeyar, S. 2014. “Student Experiences of Immigrant Teachers in South African Schools.” Strategic Review for Southern Africa 36 (2): 156–168.
- Vandeyar, S. 2019. “Unboxing ‘Born-Frees’: Freedom to Choose Identities.” Ensaio Avaliação e Políticas Públicas em Educação 27 (104): 456–475. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0104-40362019002702196.
- Vandeyar, S., and T. Vandeyar. 2011. “Articulating Cultures: Sociocultural Experiences of Black Female Immigrant Students in South African Schools.” Gender and Behaviour 9 (2): 4161–4188. https://doi.org/10.4314/gab.v9i2.72190
- Vandeyar, S., and T. Vandeyar 2012. “Renegotiating Identities and Reconciling Cultural Ambiguities: Socio-Cultural Experiences of Indian Immigrant Students in South African Schools.” Journal of Social Sciences 33 (2): 155–167. https://doi.org/10.1080/09718923.2012.11893095
- Vandeyar, S., and T. Vandeyar 2015. Immigrant Student Identities in South African Schools. Charlotte: Information Age. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504630.2016.1244818
- Vandeyar, S., and T. Vandeyar 2017. “Opposing Gazes: Racism and Xenophobia in South African Schools.” Journal of Asian and African Studies 52 (1): 68–81. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021909614560245
- Wildsmith-Cromarty, R., and A. N. Conduah. 2015. “‘Push’ and ‘Pull’ Factors Influencing the Learning of Destination Languages by Immigrants.” South African Journal of African Languages 35 (2): 147–155. https://doi.org/10.1080/02572117.2015.1112997
- Williams, C. 1996. “Secondary Education: Teaching in the Bilingual Situation.” In The Language Policy: Taking Stock, edited by C. Williams, G. Lewis and C. Baker, 39–78. Llangefni: CAI Language Studies Centre.