0
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Early Multilingualism and Bi/Multilingual Education in Tanzanian Primary Schools: Teachers’ Perceptions

ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon

References

  • Abdulaziz, Mohamed H. 2017. “Tanzania’s National Language Policy and the Rise of Swahili Political Culture.” In Language Use and Social Change, edited by W. H. Whiteley, 160–178. London: Routledge.
  • Adamson, Laela. 2022. “Fear and Shame: Students’ Experiences in English-Medium Secondary Classrooms in Tanzania.” Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/01434632.2022.2093357
  • Alim, Samy H. 2010. “Critical Language Awareness.” Sociolinguistics and Language Education 18: 205–31. https://doi.org/10.21832/9781847692849-010
  • Baker, Colin. 2011. Foundation of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism. 5th edition. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
  • Baker, Colin, and Wayne E. Wright. 2017. Foundation of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism. 6th edition. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
  • Batibo, Herman. 2020. “Multilingualism in Southern Africa: Searching for National Identity in Diversity.” Marang: Journal of Language and Literature 32: 120–32.
  • Becker, Anna, and Alex Knoll. 2021. “Establishing Multiple Languages in Early Childhood. Heritage Languages and Language Hierarchies in German-English Daycare Centres in Switzerland.” International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism 25 (7): 2561–72. https://doi.org/10.1080/13670050.2021.1932719
  • Brock-Utne, Birgit. 2007. “Language of Instruction and Student Performance: New Insights from Research in Tanzania and South Africa.” International Review of Education 53 (5): 509–30. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11159-007-9065-9
  • Brock-Utne, Birgit. 2017. “Multilingualism in Africa: Marginalisation and Empowerment.” In Multilingualisms and Development. Selected Proceedings of the 11th Language & Development Conference, New Delhi, India 2015, edited by Hywel Coleman. 61–77. London: British Council
  • Brohy, Claudine. 2005. “Trilingual Education in Switzerland: Trilingualism and Minority Languages in Europe.” International Journal of the Sociology of Language 171: 133–48. https://doi.org/10.1515/ijsl.2005.2005.171.133
  • Butzkamm, Wolfgang. 2003. “We Only Learn Language Once. The Role of the Mother Tongue in FL Classrooms: Death of a Dogma.” Language Learning Journal 28 (1): 29–39. https://doi.org/10.1080/09571730385200181
  • Coetzee-Van Rooy, Susan. 2022. “Social Cohesion and Childhood Multilingualism in South Africa.” In The Cambridge Handbook of Childhood Multilingualism, edited by Anat Stavans and Ulrike Jessner, 555–77. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108669771.030
  • Elżbieta, Kużelewska. 2016. “Language Policy in Switzerland.” Studies in Logic, Grammar and Rhetoric 45 (1): 125–40. https://doi.org/10.1515/slgr-2016-0020
  • Fürst, Guillaume, and François Grin. 2018. “Multilingualism and Creativity: A Multivariate Approach.” Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 39 (4): 341–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/01434632.2017.1389948
  • García, Ofelia. 2017. “Critical Multilingual Language Awareness and Teacher Education.” Language Awareness and Multilingualism 263: 280. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02240-6_30
  • Herdina, Philip, and Ulrike Jessner. 2002. A Dynamic Model of Multilingualism: Perspectives of Change in Psycholinguistics. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters. https://doi.org/10.21832/9781853595547
  • Hofer, Barbara, and Ulrike Jessner. 2019. “Multilingualism at the Primary Level in South Tyrol: How does Multilingual Education Affect Young Learners’ Metalinguistic Awareness and Proficiency in L1, L2 and L3?” The Language Learning Journal 47 (1): 76–87. https://doi.org/10.1080/09571736.2016.119586
  • Jessner, Ulrike. 2006. Linguistic Awareness in Multilinguals: English as a Third Language. Edinburgh University Press. https://doi.org/10.1515/9780748626540
  • Jessner, Ulrike. 2008. “A DST Model of Multilingualism and the Role of Metalinguistic Awareness.” The Modern Language Journal 92 (2): 270–83. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4781.2008.00718.x
  • John, Philpo. 2017. “Promoting Multilingualism in Tanzanian Education Policy: Challenges and Options.” African Journal of Educational and Social Science Research 5 (2): 43–55.
  • Kimambo, Isaria N., and Gregory H. Maddox. 2019. A New History of Tanzania. Dar es Salaam: Mkuki na Nyota Publishers.
  • Klein, Raymond M., John Christie, and Mikael Parkvall. 2016. “Does Multilingualism Affect the Incidence of Alzheimer’s Disease? A Worldwide Analysis by Country.” SSMPopulation Health 2: 463–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2016.06.002
  • Kulkarni, Pradnya. 2012. “Role of Multilingualism in Cognitive Development.” Bulletin of the Deccan College Post-Graduate and Research Institute 72: 475–80.
  • Latisha, Mary, and Christine Helot. 2022. “Multilingual Education in Formal Schooling: Conceptual Shifts in Theory, Policy and Practice.” In The Cambridge Handbook of Childhood Multilingualism, edited by Anat Stavans and Ulrike Jessner, 82–112. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108669771.006
  • Lusekelo, Amani. 2019. “The Linguistic Situation in Orkesumet, an Urban Area in Simanjiro District of Tanzania.” UJAH: Unizik Journal of Arts and Humanities 20 (1): 30–60. https://doi.org/10.4314/ujah.v20i1.2
  • Lusekelo, Amani, and Chrispina Alphonce. 2018. “The Linguistic Landscape of Urban Tanzania: An Account of the Language of Billboards and Shop Signs in District Headquarters.” Journal of Language, Technology & Entrepreneurship in Africa 9 (1): 1–28.
  • Lynn, Mastellotto, and Zanin Renata. 2022. “Multilingual Teacher Training in South Tyrol: Strategies for Effective Linguistic Input with Young Learners.” Innovation in Language Learning and Teaching 16 (4–5): 324–36. https://doi.org/10.1080/17501229.2022.2075368
  • Mapunda, Gastor, and Hannah Gibson. 2022. “On the Suitability of Swahili for Early Schooling in Remote Rural Tanzania: Do Policy and Practice Align?” Journal of the British Academy 10 (s4): 141–68. https://doi.org/10.5871/jba/010s4.141
  • Marwa, Nyankomo W. 2014. “Tanzania’s Language of Instruction Policy Dilemma: Is There a Solution?” Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences 5 (23): 1262. https://doi.org/10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n23p1262
  • Mohanty, Ajit K., and Tove Skutnabb-Kangas. 2022. “Growing up in Multilingual Societies: Violations of Linguistic Human Rights in Education.” In The Cambridge Handbook of Childhood Multilingualism, edited by Anat Stavans and Ulrike Jessner, 578–601. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108669771.031
  • Mohr, Sussane. 2018. “The Changing Dynamics of Language Use and Language Attitudes in Tanzania.” Language Matters 49 (3): 105–27. https://doi.org/10.1080/10228195.2018.1463281
  • Mohr, Susanne, and Dunlop Ochieng. 2017. “Language Usage in Everyday Life and in Education: Current Attitudes towards English in Tanzania: English is Still Preferred as Medium of Instruction in Tanzania Despite Frequent Usage of Kiswahili in Everyday Life.” English Today 33 (4): 12–18. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266078417000268
  • Mtavangu, Nobert. 2017. “The Tanzanian Multilingual State.” In Language Policy, Ideology and Educational Practices in a Globalised World: Selected Papers from the PLIDAM 2014 Conference on “Policy and Ideology in Language Teaching and Learning: Actors and Discourses,” edited by Delombera Negga, Monika Szirmai, Daniel Chan, 71–84. Paris: Archives Contemporaines.
  • Muzale, Henry R. T., and Josephat M. Rugemalira. 2008. “Researching and Documenting the Languages of Tanzania.” Language Documentation and Conservation 2 (1): 68–108.
  • Natalia, Mesa. 2023. “Your Native Tongue Holds a Special Place in Your Brain, Even if You Speak 10 Languages: Neuroimaging Reveals How Polyglots’ Brains Respond to both Familiar and Unfamiliar Languages.” Science, 3 February 2023. https://www.science.org/content/article/your-native-tongue-holds-special-place-yourbrain-even-if-you-speak-10-languages
  • Neke, Stephen M. 2005. “The Medium of Instruction in Tanzania: Reflections on Language, Education and Society.” Changing English 12 (1): 73–83. https://doi.org/10.1080/1358684052000340470
  • Okal, Benard Odoyo. 2014. “Benefits of Multilingualism in Education. Universal Journal of Educational Research 2 (3): 223–29. https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2014.020304
  • Petzell, Malin. 2012. “The Linguistic Situation in Tanzania.” Moderna Språk 106 (1): 136–44. https://doi.org/10.58221/mosp.v106i1.8233
  • Qorro, Martha A. S. 2013. “Language of Instruction in Tanzania: Why are Research Findings Not Heeded?” International Review of Education 59 (1): 29–45. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11159-013-9329-5
  • Rugemalira, Josephat M. 2006. “Theoretical and Practical Challenges in a Tanzanian English Medium Primary School.” Papers in Education and Development 26: 89–115.
  • Roemer, Ann E. 2023. “Second language Acquiescence of Multilingual Students in Tanzania.” Language and Education 38 (2): 269–85. https://doi.org/10.1080/09500782.2023.2186792
  • Swilla, Imani N. 2009. “Languages of Instruction in Tanzania: Contradictions Between Ideology, Policy and Implementation.” African Study Monographs 30 (1): 1–14.
  • Telli, Godfrey. 2014. “The Language of Instruction Issue in Tanzania: Pertinent Determining Factors and Perceptions of Education Stakeholders.” Journal of Languages and Culture 5 (1): 9–16. https://doi.org/10.5897/JLC12.039
  • Tibategeza, Eustard Rutalemwa. 2010. “Implementation of Bilingual Education in Tanzania: The Realities in the Schools.” Nordic Journal of African Studies 19 (4): 23.
  • Tibategeza, Eustard, and Theodorus du Plessis. 2012 “Language-in-Education Policy Development in Tanzania: An Overview.” Language Matters 43 (2): 184–201. https://doi.org/10.1080/10228195.2011.573801
  • The United Republic of Tanzania. 1995. Education and Training Policy. Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: Ministry of Education and Culture.