A geospatial analysis of shark attack rates for the east coast of Florida: 1994–2009

References

• Adams , DH and McMichael , RH . 1999 . Mercury levels in four species of sharks from the Atlantic coast of Florida . Fish Bull , 97 ( 2 ) : 372 – 379 .
   Google Scholar
• Amin , R , Bohnert , A , Holmes , L , Rajasekaran , A and Assanasen , C . 2010 . Childhood clustering in Florida: weighing the evidence . Pediatr Blood Cancer , 54 ( 4 ) : 511 – 518 .
   Google Scholar
• Aubrey , C and Snelson , F . 2007 . “ Life history in spinner sharks in Florida waters ” . In Shark nursery grounds of the Gulf of Mexico and the east coast waters of the Unites States , Edited by: McCandless , C , Kohler , N and Pratt , H . 175 – 189 . Bethesda (MD) : American Fisheries Society .
   Google Scholar
• Baldridge , HD . 1959 . Shark attack: a definitive analysis of the world's best information on attacks by sharks against men including excerpts from over 200 case histories , Anderson (SC) : Droke House/Hallux .
   Google Scholar
• Bayon , C , Pei , MH , Ruiz , C and Hunter , T . 2007 . Genetic structure and spatial distribution of the mycoparasite Sphaerellopsis filum on Melampsora larici–epitea in a short–rotation coppice willow planting . Plant Pathol , 56 : 616 – 623 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burgess , G , Buch , RH , Carvalho , F , Garner , BA and Walker , CJ . 2010 . “ Factors contributing to shark attacks on humans: a Volusia county, Florida, case study ” . In Sharks and their relatives II , Edited by: Carrier , JC , Musick , JA and Heithaus , MR . 541 – 566 . Boca Raton (FL) : CRC Press .
   Google Scholar
• Burton , M . 1935 . Shark attack along the South Carolina coast . Sci Mon , 40 : 279 – 283 .
   Google Scholar
• Caldicott , DG , Mahajani , R and Kuhn , M . 2001 . The anatomy of a shark attack: a case report and review of the literature . Injury , 32 ( 6 ) : 445 – 453 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Castro , JI . 1993 . The shark nursery of Bulls Bay, South Carolina, with a review of the shark nurseries of the southeastern coast of the United States . Environ Biol Fish , 38 ( 1–3 ) : 37 – 48 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Castro , JI . 1996 . Biology of the blacktip shark, Carcharhinus limbatus, off the southeastern United States . Bull Mar Sci , 15 : 508 – 522 .
   Google Scholar
• Chi , Y , Song , X , Zhou , D , Hino , K and Tseng , BL . 2007. Evolutionary spectral clustering by incorporating temporal smoothness. Proceedings of the 13th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery Data Mining; 2007 August 12–15; San Jose (CA), USA
   Google Scholar
• Cliff , G . 1991 . Shark Attacks on the South African coast between 1960 and 1990 . S Afr J Sci , 87 : 513 – 518 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coppleson , V . 1951 . A review of shark attacks in Australian water since 1919 . Med J Aust , 1 : 633 – 635 .
   Google Scholar
• Coulston , JW and Riitters , KH . 2003 . Geographic analysis of forest health indicators using spatial scan statistics . Environ Manage , 31 : 764 – 773 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis , D . 1963 . Shark attack and its relationship to temperature, beach patronage and the seasonal abundance. Investigational Report, No. 6 , Durban (South Africa) : Oceanographic Research Institute .
   Google Scholar
• Fang , Z , Kulldorff , M and Gregorio , DI . 2004 . Brain cancer in the United States, 1986–95: a geographic analysis . Neuro Oncol , 6 : 179 – 187 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fogelberg , J . 1944 . The use of chemical material as shark repellants , 32 Washington (DC) : Naval Research Lab .
   Google Scholar
• Gilbert , PWS , Leonard , P and Springer , S . 1959 . Shark attacks during 1959 . Science , 132 ( 3423 ) : 323 – 326 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilbert , P and Springer , S . 1963 . “ Testing shark repellents ” . In Sharks and survival , Edited by: Gilbert , PW . 477 – 494 . Lexington (MA) : Heath and Co .
   Google Scholar
• Hazin , F , Burgess , G and Carvalho , F . 2008 . A shark attack outbreak off Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil, 1992–2006 . Bull Mar Sci , 82 ( 2 ) : 199 – 212 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heupel , MR and Simpfendorfer , CA . 2005 . Quantitative analysis of aggregation behavior in juvenile blacktip sharks . Mar Biol , 147 : 1239 – 1249 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heupel , MR , Simpfendorfer , CA and Hueter , RE . 2003 . Running before the storm: blacktip sharks respond to falling barometric pressure associated with tropical storm Gabrielle . J Fish Biol , 63 : 1357 – 1363 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ihama , Y , Ninomuya , K , Noguchi , M , Fuke , C and Miyazaki , T . 2009 . Characteristic features of injuries due to shark attacks: a review of 112 cases . Leg Med , 11 ( 5 ) : 219 – 225 .
   Google Scholar
• Kalnis , P , Mamoulis , N and Bakiras , S . 2005 . On discovering moving clusters in spatio-temporal data . Lect Notes Comput Sci , 3633 : 364 – 381 .
   Google Scholar
• Kulldorff , M . 2001 . Prospective time-periodic geographical disease surveillance using a scan statistic . J Roy Stat Soc A , 164 : 61 – 72 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kulldorff , M , Huang , L and Konty , K . 2009 . A scan statistic for continuous data based on the normal probability model . Int J Health Geogr , 8 : 58
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kulldorff , M , Huang , L , Pickle , L and Duczmal , L . 2006 . An elliptic spatial scan statistic . Stat Med , 25 : 3929 – 3943 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levine , M . 1996 . “ Unprovoked attacks by white sharks off the South African coast ” . In Great White Sharks: the biology of Carcharodon carcharias , Edited by: Klimely , AP and Ainley , DG . 435 – 448 . San Diego (CA) : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Lowry , D , Fagundas de Castro , AL , Mara , K , Whitenack , LB , Delius , B , Burgess , GH and Motta , P . 2009 . Determining shark size from forensic analysis of wound damage . Mar Biol , 156 ( 12 ) : 1432 – 1793 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reyier , EA , Adams , DH and Lowers , RH . 2008 . First evidence of a high density nursery ground for the lemon shark, Negaprion brevirostris, near Cape Canaveral, Florida . Fla Sci , 71 ( 2 ) : 134 – 148 .
   Google Scholar
• Ritter , E . 2004 . “ Sharks–Mistaken identity? ” . In Encyclopedia of animal behavior , Edited by: Bekoff , M . 963 – 964 . Westport (CT) : Greenwood Press .
   Google Scholar
• Ritter , EK and Levine , M . 2004 . Use of forensic analysis to better understand shark attack behaviour . J Forensic Odontostomatol , 22 ( 2 ) : 40 – 46 .
   Google Scholar
• Ritter , EK and Levine , M . 2005 . Bite motivation of sharks reflected by the wound structure on humans . Am J Forensic Med Pathol , 26 ( 2 ) : 136 – 140 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ritter , E , Lutz , K and Levine , M . 2008 . “ When humans and sharks meet ” . In New developments in the psychology of motivation , Edited by: Olsson , F . 45 – 52 . New York : Nova Biomedical Books .
   Google Scholar
• Roddick , JF and Spiliopoulou , M . 1999 . A bibliography of temporal, spatial and spatiotemporal data mining research . SIGKDD Explor , 1 : 34 – 38 .
   Google Scholar
• Rosswog , J and Ghose , K . 2008. Detecting and tracking spatio-temporal clusters with adaptive history filtering. Proceedings of the 8th IEEE International Conference on Data Mining Workshops; 2008 December 15–19; Pisa, Italy
   Google Scholar
• Shark Research Institute. 2010. Incident log; [cited 2010 Jun 23]. Available from: http://www.sharkattackfile.net/incidentlog.htm
   Google Scholar
• Sheehan , TJ and DeChello , LM . 2005 . A space–time analysis of the proportion of late stage breast cancer in Massachusetts, 1988 to 1997 . Int J Health Geogr , 4 : 15
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sisneros , JA and Nelson , DR . 2001 . Surfactants as chemical shark repellants: past, present, and future . Environ Biol Fish , 60 : 117 – 130 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sudakin , DL , Horowitz , Z and Giffin , S . 2002 . Regional variation in the incidence of symptomatic pesticide exposures: applications of geographic information systems . J Toxicol Clin Toxicol , 40 : 767 – 773 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tester , A . 1963 . The role of olfaction in shark predation . Pac Sci , 17 ( 2 ) : 145 – 170 .
   Google Scholar
• Trent , L , Parshley , DE and Carlson , JK . 1997 . Catch and bycatch in the shark drift gillnet fishery off Georgia and East Florida . Mar Fish Rev , 59 ( 1 ) : 19 – 28 .
   Google Scholar
• Tricas , TC and McCosker , JE . 1984 . Predatory behavior of the white shark (Carcharodon carcharias), with notes on its biology . Proc Calif Acad Sci , 43 : 221 – 238 .
   Google Scholar
• Tuia , D , Ratle , F , Lasaponara , R , Telesca , L and Kanevski , M . 2008 . Scan statistics analysis of forest fire clusters . Commun Nonlinear Sci Numer Simul , 13 : 1689 – 1694 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vadrevu , KP . 2008 . Analysis of fire events and controlling factors in eastern India using spatial scan and multivariate statistics . Geogr Ann , 90A : 315 – 328 .
   Google Scholar
• West , J . 2011 . Changing patterns of shark attacks in Australian waters . Mar Freshwat Res , 62 : 744 – 754 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woolgar , J , Cliff , G , Nair , R and Hafez , H . 2001 . Shark attack: review of 86 consecutive cases . J Trauma , 50 ( 5 ) : 887 – 891 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar