353
Views
43
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Underwater sound: Its relevance to behavioral functions among fishes and marine mammals

Pages 3-21 | Received 22 Dec 1994, Accepted 24 Jun 1996, Published online: 22 Jan 2009

References

  • Astrup , J. and Møhl , B. 1993 . Detection of intense ultrasound by the cod Gadus morhua . J. Exp. Biol. , 182 : 71 – 80 .
  • Au , W.W.L. 1993 . The Sonar of Dolphins , New York : Springer‐Verlag .
  • Banner , A. 1972 . Use of sound in predation by young lemon sharks, Negaprion brevirostris . Bull. Mar. Sci , 22 : 251 – 283 .
  • Barros , N.B. and Myrberg , A.A. Jr. 1987 . Prey detection by means of passive listening in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) . J. Acoust. Soc. Am. , 82 ( Suppl. 1 ) : S65
  • Bass , A.H. 1990 . Sounds from the intertidal zone: vocalizing fish . BioScience , 40 : 249 – 258 .
  • Bass , A.H. 1993 . From neurons to behavior; dimorphic males, acoustic signalling and reproductive tactics in teleost fish . Animal Behav. Soc., Davis , May
  • Bass , A.H. and Baker , R.G. 1988 . Neurophysiological correlates of sex differences in the sonic motor system of the midshipmen, Porichthys notatus . Biol. Bull. , 175 : 314
  • Bass , A.H. and Baker , R.G. 1989 . Sex differences in the morphology of physiologically characterized neurons in a “vocalizing”; fish . Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. , 15 : 1137
  • Bass , A.H. and Marchaterre , M.A. 1989a . Sound‐generating (sonic) motor system in a teleost fish (Porichthys notatus): sexual polymorphism in the ultrastructure of myofibrils . J. Comp. Neurol. , 286 : 141 – 153 .
  • Bass , A.H. and Marchaterre , M.A. 1989b . Sound‐generating (sonic) motor system in a teleost fish (Porichthys notatus): sexual polymorphisms in general synaptology of a sonic motor nucleus . J. Comp. Neurol. , 286 : 154 – 169 .
  • van Bergeijk , W.A. 1964 . “ Directional and non‐directional hearing in fish ” . In Marine Bio‐Acoustics , Edited by: Tavolga , W.N. 281 – 299 . New York : Pergamon Press .
  • Blaxter , J.H.S. 1988 . “ Sensory performance behavior and ecology of fish ” . In Sensory Biology of Aquatic Animals , Edited by: Atema , J. , Fay , R.R. and Popper , A.N. 203 – 232 . New York : Springer‐Verlag .
  • Busnel , R.G. , ed. 1963 . Acoustic Behavior of Animals , New York : Elsevier .
  • Busnel , R.G. , ed. 1967 . Animal Sonar Systems, Biology and Bionics , 2 vols , Jouy‐en‐Josas : Laboratoire de Physiologie Acoustique .
  • Buwalda , R.J.A. , Schuijf , A. and Hawkins , A.D. 1983 . Discrimination by the cod of sounds from opposing directions . J. Comp. Physiol. , 150 : 175 – 184 .
  • Cahn , P.H. , ed. 1967 . Lateral Line Detectors , Bloomington : Indiana Univ. Press .
  • Caldwell , D.K. and Caldwell , M.C. 1977 . “ Cetaceans ” . In How Animals Communicate , Edited by: Seboek , T.A. 794 – 808 . Bloomington : Indiana University Press .
  • Caldwell , M.C. and Caldwell , D.K. 1965 . Individualized whistle contours in bottlenosed dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) . Nature , 207 : 434 – 435 .
  • Caldwell , M.C. , Caldwell , D.K. and Tyack , P.L. 1990 . “ Review of the signature‐whistle hypothesis for the Atlantic bottlenose dolphin ” . In The Bottlenose Dolphin , Edited by: Leatherwood , S. and Reeves , R.R. 199 – 234 . San Diego : Academic Press .
  • Chang , J.S.W. , Popper , A.N. and Saidel , W.M. 1992 . Heterogeneity of sensory hair cells in a fish ear . J. Comp. Neurol. , 324 : 621 – 640 .
  • Chapman , C.J. and Johnstone , A.D.F. 1974 . Some auditory discrimination experiments on marine fish . J. Exp. Biol. , 61 : 521 – 528 .
  • Clark , C.W. 1990a . “ Concluding comments on acoustic communication ” . In Sensory Abilities of Cetaceans , Edited by: Thomas , J.A. and Kastelein , R.A. 635 – 638 . New York : Plenum Press .
  • Clark , C.W. 1990b . “ Acoustic behavior of mysticete whales ” . In Sensory Abilities of Cetaceans , Edited by: Thomas , J.A. and Kastelein , R.A. 571 – 583 . New York : Plenum Press .
  • Clark , C.W. and Clark , J.M. 1980 . Sound playback experiments with southern right whales (Eubalaena australis) . Science , 207 : 663 – 665 .
  • Clay , C.S. and Medwin , H. 1977 . Acoustical Oceanography: Principles and Applications , New York : John Wiley & Sons .
  • Crawford , J.D. 1991 . Sex recognition by electric cues in a sound‐producing mormyrid fish, Pollimyrus isidori . Brain Behav. Evol. , 38 : 20 – 38 .
  • Crawford , J.D. and Fay , R.R. 1990 . Auditory neurophysiology of the mesencephalon in mormyrid fish . Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. , 16 : 1327
  • Cummings , W.C. and Thompson , P.O. 1971 . Gray whales, Eschrichtius robustus, avoid the underwater sounds of killer whales, Orcinus orca . Fish. Bull. , 69 : 525 – 530 .
  • Cummings , W.C. , Thompson , P.O. and Cook , R. 1968 . Underwater sounds of migrating gray whales Eschrichtius gibbosus (Cope) . J. Acoust. Soc. Am. , 44 : 1278 – 1281 .
  • Curio , E. 1975 . The functional organization of anti‐predator behaviour in the pied flycatcher: a study of avian visual perception . Anim. Behav. , 23 : 1 – 115 .
  • Demski , L.S. and Gerald , J.W. 1972 . Sound production evoked by electrical stimulation of the brain in toadfish (Opsanus beta) . Anim. Behav. , 20 : 507 – 513 .
  • Demski , L.S. and Gerald , J.W. 1974 . Sound production and other behavioral effects of midbrain stimulation in free‐swimming toadfish (Opsanus beta) . Brain Behav. Evol. , 9 : 41 – 59 .
  • Dunning , D.J. , Ross , Q.E. , Geoghegan , P. , Reichle , J.J. , Menezes , J.K. and Watson , J.K. 1992 . Alewives avoid high‐frequency sound . North American J. Fish. Manag. , 12 : 407 – 416 .
  • Enger , P.S. , Kalmijn , A.J. and Sand , O. 1989 . “ Behavioral investigations on the functions of the lateral line and inner ear in predation ” . In The Mechanosensory Lateral Line, Neurobiology and Evolution , Edited by: Coombs , S. , Gorner , P. and Munz , H. 575 – 587 . New York : Springer Verlag .
  • Enger , P.S. , Karlsen , H.E. , Knudsen , F.R. and Sand , O. 1993 . Detection and reaction of fish to infrasound . ICES mar. Sci. Symp. , 196 : 108 – 112 .
  • Fay , R.R. 1981 . “ Coding of acoustic information in the eighth nerve ” . In Hearing and Sound Communication in Fishes , Edited by: Tavplga , W.N. , Popper , A.N. and Fay , R.R. 189 – 222 . New York : Springer‐Verlag .
  • Fay , R.R. 1984 . The goldfish ear codes the axis of acoustic particle motion in three dimensions . Science , 225 : 951 – 954 .
  • Fay , R.R. 1985 . Sound intensity processing by the goldfish . J. Acoust. Soc. Am. , 78 : 1296 – 1309 .
  • Fay , R.R. 1988 . Hearing in Vertebrates: A Psychophysics Databook , Hill‐Fay Association .
  • Fay , R.R. 1989 . Frequency discrimination in the goldfish: effects of roving intensity, sensation level and the direction of frequency change . J. Acoust. Soc. Am. , 85 : 503 – 505 .
  • Fay , R.R. and Olsho , L. 1979 . Discharge patterns of lagenar and saccular neurons of the goldfish eighth nerve; displacement sensitivity and directional characteristics . Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A , 62 : 377 – 386 .
  • Fine , M.L. 1978 . Seasonal and geographical variation of the mating call of the oyster toadfish Opsanus tau L . Oecologia , 36 : 45 – 57 .
  • Fine , M.L. 1979 . Sounds evoked by brain stimulation in the oyster toadfish, Opsanus tau . Exp. Brain Res. , 35 : 197 – 212 .
  • Fine , M.L. , Demetri , E. , Radtke , R. and Mcclung , J.R. 1984 . Ontogeny and sexual dimorphism of the sonic motor nucleus in the oyster toadfish . J. Comp. Neurol. , 225 : 105 – 110 .
  • Fine , M.L. and Pennypacker , K.R. 1986 . Hormonal basis for sexual dimorphism of the sound‐producing apparatus of the oyster toadfish . Exp. Neurol. , 92 : 289 – 298 .
  • Fine , M.L. and Perini , M.A. 1994 . Sound production evoked by electrical stimulation of the forebrain in the oyster toadfish . J. Comp. Physiol. A , 174 : 173 – 185 .
  • Fish , J. and Vania , J. 1971 . Killer whale, Orcinus orca, sounds repel white whales, Delphinapterus leucas . Fish. Bull. , 69 : 531 – 535 .
  • Gray , J.A.B. and Denton , E.J. 1991 . Fast pressure pulses and communication between fish . J. Mar. Biol. Ass. U.K. , 71 : 83 – 106 .
  • Hawkins , A.D. 1993 . “ Underwater sound and fish behavior ” . In Behavior of Teleost Fishes , Edited by: Pitcher , T.J. 129 – 169 . London : Chapman & Hall .
  • Hawkins , A.D. and Homer , K. 1981 . “ Directional characteristics of primary auditory neurons from the cod ear ” . In Hearing and Sound Communication in Fishes , Edited by: Tavolga , W.N. , Popper , A.N. and Fay , R.R. 311 – 328 . New York : Springer‐Verlag .
  • Hawkins , A.D. and Myrberg , A.A. Jr. 1983 . “ Hearing and sound communication underwater ” . In Bioacoustics. A Comparative Approach , Edited by: Lewis , B. 347 – 405 . London : Academic Press .
  • Hawkins , A.D. and Sand , O. 1977 . Directional hearing in the median vertical plane by the cod . J. Comp. Physiol. A , 122 : 1 – 8 .
  • Heiligenberg , W. 1976 . The interaction of stimulus patterns controlling aggressiveness in the cichlid fish Haplochromis burtoni . Anim. Behav. , 24 : 452 – 458 .
  • Homer , K. , Hawkins , A.D. and Fraser , P.J. 1981 . “ Frequency characteristics of primary auditory neurons from the ear of the codfish, Gadus morhua L ” . In Hearing and Sound Communication in Fishes , Edited by: Tavolga , W.N. , Popper , A.N. and Fay , R.R. 223 – 241 . New York : Springer‐Verlag .
  • Karlsen , H.E. 1992a . The inner ear is responsible for detection of infrasound in the perch (Perca fluviatilis) . J. Exp. Biol. , 171 : 163 – 172 .
  • Karlsen , H.E. 1992b . Infrasound sensitivity in the plaice (Pleuronectes platessa) . J. Exp. Biol. , 171 : 173 – 187 .
  • Kenyon , T. 1994 . The significance of sound interception to males of the bicolor damselfish, Pomacentrus partitus, during courtship . Environ. Biol. Fishes , 40 : 391 – 405 .
  • Ladich , F. 1989 . Sound production by the river bullhead Cottus gobio L. (Cottidae, Teleostei) . J. Fish Biol. , 35 : 531 – 538 .
  • Ladich , F. , Brittinger , W. and Kratochvil , H. 1992a . Significance of agonistic vocalization in the croaking gourami (Trichopsis vittatus, Teleostei) . Ethology , 90 : 307 – 314 .
  • Ladich , F. , Bischof , C. , Schleinzer , G. and Fuchs , A . 1992b . Intra‐ and interspecific differences in agonistic vocalizations in croaking gouramis (genus: Trichopsis, Anabantoidei, Teleostei) . Bioacoustics , 4 : 131 – 141 .
  • Washington , D.C. 1960 . Animal Sounds and Communication , Edited by: Lanyon , W.E. and Tavolga , W.N. AAAS .
  • Lu , Z. and Fay , R.R. 1992 . Response properties of single units and unit clusters in the torus semicircularis of the goldfish . J. Acoust. Soc. Am. , 91 : 2398
  • Mattila , D. , Guinee , L.N. and Mayo , C.A. 1987 . Humpback whale songs on a North Atlantic feeding ground . J. Mammal. , 68 : 880 – 883 .
  • Mobley , J.R. Jr. , Herman , L.M. and Frankel , A.S. 1988 . Responses of wintering humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) to playback of recordings of winter and summer vocalizations and of synthetic sound . Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. , 23 : 211 – 223 .
  • Moeng , R. and Popper , A.N. 1984 . Auditory responses of saccular neurons of the catfish, Ictalurus punctatus . J. Comp. Physiol. A , 155 : 615 – 624 .
  • Mok , H.K. 1981 . “ Sound production in the naked goby, Gobiosoma bosci (Pisces, Gobiidae) ‐ A preliminary study ” . In Hearing and Sound Communication in Fishes , Edited by: Tavolga , M.N. , Popper , A.N. and Fay , R.R. 447 – 455 . New York : Springer‐Verlag .
  • Moulton , J.M. and Dixon , R.H. 1967 . “ Directional hearing in fishes ” . In Marine Bio‐Acoustics , Edited by: Tavolga , W.N. Vol. 2 , 187 – 228 . New York : Pergamon Press .
  • Myrberg , A.A. Jr. 1980 . “ Sensory mediation of social recognition processes in fishes ” . In Fish Behavior and Its Use in the Capture and Culture of Fishes , Edited by: Bardach , J.E. , Magnuson , J.J. , May , R.C. and Rhinehart , J.M. 146 – 178 . Manila : ICLARM .
  • Myrberg , A.A. Jr. 1981 . “ Sound communication and interception in fishes ” . In Hearing and Sound Communication in Fishes , Edited by: Tavolga , W.N. , Popper , A.N. and Fay , R.R. 395 – 426 . New York : Springer‐Verlag .
  • Myrberg , A.A. Jr. and Riggio , R.J. 1985 . Acoustically mediated individual recognition by a coral reef fish (Pomacentrus partitus) . Anim. Behav. , 33 : 411 – 416 .
  • Myrberg , A.A. Jr. , Banner , A. and Richard , J.D. 1969 . Shark attraction using a video‐acoustic system . Mar. Biol. , 2 : 246 – 247 .
  • Myrberg , A.A. Jr. , Gordon , C.R. and Klimley , A.P. 1976 . “ Attraction of free‐ranging sharks by low frequency sound, with comments on the biological significance ” . In Sound Reception in Fish. , Edited by: Schuijf , A. and Hawkins , A.D. 205 – 228 . New York : Elsevier .
  • Myrberg , A.A. Jr. , Spanier , E. and Ha , S.J. 1978 . “ Temporal patterning in acoustical communication ” . In Contrasts in Behavior , Edited by: Reese , E.S. and Lighter , F. 137 – 179 . New York : J. Wiley and Sons .
  • Myrberg , A.A. Jr. , Mohler , M. and Catala , J.D. 1986 . Sound production by males of a coral reef fish (Pomacentrus partitus): its significance to females . Anim. Behav. , 34 : 913 – 923 .
  • Myrberg , A.A. Jr. , Ha , S.J. and Shamblottm , M.J. 1993 . The sounds of bicolor damselfish (Pomacentrus partitus): Predictors of body size and a spectral basis for individual recognition and assessment . J. Acoust. Soc. Am. , 94 : 367 – 370 .
  • Nederstigt , L.J.A. and Schellart , N.A.M. 1986 . Acousticolateral processing in the torus semicircularis of the trout Salmo gairdneri . Pflugers Arch. , 406 : 151 – 157 .
  • Nelson , D.R. and Johnson , R.H. 1972 . Acoustic attraction of Pacific reef sharks: Effects of pulse intermittency and variability . Comp. Biochem. Physiol. , 42A : 85 – 95 .
  • Nestler , J.M. , Ploskey , G.R. , Pickens , J. , Menezes , J. and Schilt , C. 1992 . Responses of blue‐back herring to high‐frequency sound and implications for reducing entrainment at hydropower dams . North American J. Fish. Manag. , 12 : 6657 – 6683 .
  • Norris , K.S. 1966 . Whales. Dolphins and Porpoise , Berkeley : Univ. Calif. Press .
  • Norris , K.S. and Mohl , B. 1983 . Can odontocetes debilitate prey with sound? . Am. Nat. , 122 : 85
  • Partridge , B.L. and Pitcher , T.J. 1980 . The sensory basis of fish schools: relative roles of the lateral line and vision . J. Comp. Physiol. A , 135 : 315 – 325 .
  • Payne , R.S. and McVay , S. 1971 . Songs of humpback whales . Science , 173 : 583 – 597 .
  • Platt , C. 1977 . Hair cell distribution and orientation in goldfish otolith organs . J. Comp. Neurol. , 172 : 283 – 298 .
  • Platt , C. and Popper , A.N. 1981 . “ Fine structure and function of the ear ” . In Hearing and Sound Communication in Fishes , Edited by: Tavolga , W.N. , Popper , A.N. and Fay , R.R. 3 – 38 . New York : Springer‐Verlag .
  • Popper , A.N. 1983 . “ Organization of the inner ear and auditory processing ” . In Fish Neorobiology and Behavior , Edited by: Northcutt , R.G. and Davis , R.E. vol. 1 , 125 – 178 . Ann Arbor : University of Michigan Press .
  • Popper , A.N. and Fay , R.R. 1993 . Sound detection and processing by fish: critical review and major research questions . Brain Behav. Evol. , 41 : 14 – 38 .
  • Popper , A.N. and Saidel , W.M. 1990 . Variations in receptor cell innervation in the saccule of a teleost fish ear . Hearing Res. , 46 : 211 – 228 .
  • Popper , A.N. , Salmon , M. and Parvulescu , A. 1973 . Sound localization by the Hawaiian squirrelfishes, Myripristis berndti and M. argyromus . Anim. Behav. , 21 : 86 – 97 .
  • Rowland , W.J. 1978 . Sound production and associated behavior in the jewelfish, Hemichromis bimaculatus . Behaviour , 64 : 125 – 136 .
  • Sand , O. and Karlson , H.E. 1986 . Detection of infrasound by the Atlantic cod . J. Exp. Biol. , 125 : 197 – 204 .
  • Schellart , N.A.M. , Kamermans , K. and Nederstigt , L.J.A. 1987 . An electrophysiological study of the topographical organization of the multisensory torus semicircularis of the rainbow trout . Comp. Biochem. Physiol. , 88A : 461 – 469 .
  • Schuijf , A. 1975 . Directional hearing in cod (Gadus morhua L.) . J. Comp. Physiol. , 98 : 307 – 332 .
  • Schuijf , A. and Buwalda , R.J.A. 1975 . On the mechanism of directional hearing in cod (Gadus morhua L.) . J. Comp. Physiol. , 98 : 333 – 343 .
  • Schuijf , A. and Hawkins , A.D. 1983 . Acoustic distance discrimination by the cod . Nature , 302 : 143 – 144 .
  • Schuijf , A. and Siemelink , M.E. 1974 . The ability of cod (Gadus morhus) to orient towards a sound source . Experientia , 30 : 773
  • Schuijf , A. , Baretta , J.W. and Wildschut , J.T. 1972 . A field investigation on the discrimination of sound direction in Labrus berggylta (Pisces: Perciformes) . Netherlands J. Zool. , 22 : 81 – 104 .
  • Schuster , S. 1986 . Untersuchungen Zur Bioakustik des Zwergfadenfisches, Colisa lalia (Perciformes, Belontidae) . Zool. Beitr. , 29 : 295 – 306 .
  • Schusterman , R.J. 1977 . Temporal patterning in sea lion barking (Zalophus californianus) . Behav. Biol. , 20 : 404 – 408 .
  • Schusterman , R.J. , Hanggi , E.B. and Gisiner , R. 1992 . “ Acoustic signalling in mother‐pup reunions, interspecies bonding and affiliation by kinship in California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) ” . In Marine Mammal Sensory Systems , Edited by: Thomas , J.A. , Kastelein , R.A. and Supin , A. Ya. 533 – 562 . New York : Plenum Press .
  • Seitz , A. 1940 . Die Paarbildung bei einigen Cichliden . I. Z. Tierpsychol. , 4 : 40 – 84 .
  • Spanier , E. 1979 . Aspects of species recognition by sound in four species of damselfishes genus Eupomacentrus (Pisces: Pomacentridae) . Z. Tierpsychol. , 51 : 301 – 316 .
  • Steinberg , J.C. , Cummings , W.C. , Brahy , B.D. and MacBain (Spires) , J.Y. 1965 . Further bio‐acoustic studies off the west coast of North Bimini . Bahamas. Bull. Mar. Sci. , 15 : 942 – 963 .
  • Tavolga , W.N. 1956 . Visual, chemical and sound stimuli as cues in the sex discriminatory behavior of the gobiid fish, Bathygobius soporator . Zoologica , 41 : 49 – 64 .
  • Tavolga , W.N. 1958 . The significance of underwater sounds produced by males of the gobiid fish, Bathygobius soporator . Physiol. Zool. , 31 : 259 – 271 .
  • Tavolga , W.N. , ed. 1964 . Marine Bio‐Acoustics , New York : Pergamon Press .
  • Tavolga , W.N. , ed. 1967 . Marine Bio‐Acoustics , Vol. 2 , New York : Pergamon Press .
  • Tavolga , W.N. 1976 . “ Acoustic obstacle detection in the sea catfish (Arius felis) ” . In Sound Reception in Fish. , Edited by: Schuijf , A. and Hawkins , A.D. 185 – 204 . Amsterdam : Elsevier .
  • Terhune , J.M. , Grandmaitre , N.C. , Burton , H.R. and Green , K. 1994 . Weddell seals lengthen many underwater calls in response to conspecific vocalizations . Bioacoustics , 5 : 223 – 226 .
  • Thomas , J.A. , Zinnel , K.C. and Ferm , L.M. 1983 . Analysis of Weddell seal (Leplonychotes weddelli) vocalizations using underwater playbacks . Can. J. Zool. , 61 : 1448 – 1456 .
  • Tinbergen , N. 1951 . The Study of Instinct , London : Oxford Univ. Press .
  • Torricelli , P. and Romani , R. 1986 . Sound production in the Italian freshwater goby Padogobius martensi . Copeia , 1986 : 213 – 216 .
  • Torricelli , P. , Lugli , M. and Gandolfi , G. 1986 . A quantitative analysis of the occurrence of visual and acoustic displays during the courtship in the freshwater goby, Padogobius martensi (Gunther, 1961) (Pisces, Gobiidae) . Boll. Zool. , 53 : 85 – 89 .
  • Torricelli , P. , Lugli , M. and Pavan , G. 1990 . Analysis of sounds produced by male Padogobius martensi (Pisces, Gobiidae) and factors affecting their structural properties . Bioacoustics , 2 : 261 – 275 .
  • Watkins , W.A. and Schevill , W.E. 1977 . Sperm whale codas . J. Acoust. Soc. Am. , 62 : 1485 – 1490 .
  • Watkins , W.A. , Moore , K.E. and Tyack , P. 1985 . Investigations of sperm whale acoustic behaviors in the southeast Caribbean . Cetology , 49 : 1 – 15 .
  • Winn , H.E. 1972 . “ Acoustic discrimination by the toadfish with comments on signal systems ” . In Behavior of Marine Animals, Current Perspectives in Research, vol. 2: Vertebrates , Edited by: Winn , H.E. and Olla , B.L. 361 – 385 . New York : Plenum Press .
  • Winn , H.E. , Perkins , P.J. and Poulter , T.C. 1970 . Sounds of the humpback whale. Proc. 7th Ann. Conf. of Biol. 1970 , Menlo Park. pp. 39 – 52 . Sonar and Diving Mammals. Stanford Res. Inst. .
  • Winn , H.E. , Thompson , T.J. , Cummings , W.C. , Hain , J. , Hudnall , J. , Hays , H. and Steiner , W.W. 1981 . Song of the humpback whale‐ population comparisons . Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. , 8 : 41 – 46 .
  • Würsig , B. 1986 . “ Delphinid foraging strategies ” . In Dolphin Cognition and Behavior: A Comparative Approach , Edited by: Schusterman , R.J. , Thomas , J.A. and Wood , F.G. 347 – 359 . Hillsdale, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates .
  • This report is dedicated to the memory of my dear friend and colleague, Dr. Walter F. Heiligenberg. Mailing address: Dr. Arthur A. Myrberg, Jr., RSMAS, University of Miami 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, Florida 33149, USA. Fax: (305) 361–4141. e‐mail: [email protected].

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.