RAFT synthesis, properties and morphologies via thermal annealing of new azo-based ABA triblock copolymers bearing rigid and soft segments

References

• Lee, M., B. K. Cho, and W. C. Zin. 2001. Supramolecular structures from rod-coil block copolymers. Chem. Rev. 101:3869–3892.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamley, I. W., V. Castelletto, Z. B. Lu, C. T. Imrie, T. Itoh, and M. Al-Hussein. 2004. Interplay between smectic ordering and microphase separation in a series of side-group liquid-crystal block copolymers. Macromolecules. 37:4798–4807.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ikeda, T. 2003. Photomodulation of liquid crystal orientations for photonic applications. J. Mater. Chem. 13:2037–2057.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, M. H., P. Keller, and P. A. Lbouy. 2003. Novel liquid crystalline block copolymers by ATRP and ROMP. Macromolecules. 36:2284–2292.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verploegen, E., L. C. McAfee, L. Tian, D. Verploegen, and P. T. Hammond. 2007. Observation of transverse cylinder morphology in side chain liquid crystalline block copolymers. Macromolecules. 40:777–780.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tomikawa, N., Z. Lu, T. Itoh, C. T. Imrie, M. A. Adachi, M. Tokita, and J. Watanabe. 2005. Orientation of microphase-segregated cylinders in liquid crystalline diblock copolymer by magnetic field. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 44:L711–L714.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamley, I. W., V. Castelletto, P. Parras, Z. B. Lu, C. T. Imrie, and T. Itoh. 2005. Ordering on multiple lengthscales in a series of side group liquid crystal block copolymers containing a cholesteryl-based mesogen. Soft Matter. 1:355–363.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bockstaller, M. R., R. A. Mickiewicz, and E. L. Thomas. 2005. Block copolymer nanocomposites: perspectives for tailored functional materials. Adv. Mater. 17:1331–1349.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu, H., A. Shishido, T. Iyoda, and T. Ikeda. 2007. Novel wormlike nanostructures self‐assembled in a well defined liquid crystalline diblock copolymer with azobenzene moieties. Macromol. Rapid Commun. 28:927–931.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schneider, A., J. J. Zanna, M. Yamada, H. Finkelmann, and R. Thomann. 2000. Competition between liquid crystalline phase symmetry and microphase morphology in a chiral smectic liquid crystalline-isotropic block copolymer. Macromolecules. 33:649–651.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wei, R., Y. He, and X. Wang. 2014. Diblock copolymers composed of a liquid crystalline azo block and a poly (dimethylsiloxane) block: synthesis, morphology and photoresponsive properties. RSC. Adv. 4:58386–58396.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lehmann, O., S. Förster, and J. Springer. 2000. Synthesis of new side‐group liquid crystalline block copolymers by living anionic polymerization. Macromol. Rapid Commun. 21:133–135.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Asaoka, S., T. Uekusa, H. Tokimori, M. Komura, T. Iyoda, T. Yamada, and H. Yoshida. 2011. Normally oriented cylindrical nanostructures in amphiphilic PEO-LC diblock copolymers films. Macromolecules. 44:7645–7658.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fasolka, M. J., and A. M. Mayes. 2001. Block copolymer thin films: physics and applications. Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. 31:323–355.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dinachali, S. S., W. Bai, K. H. Tu, H. K. Choi, J. Zhang, M. E. Kreider, L. C. Cheng, and C. A. Ross. 2015. Thermo-solvent annealing of polystyrene-polydimethylsiloxane block copolymer thin films. ACS Macro Lett. 4:500–504.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu, H. 2014. Recent advances in photoresponsive liquid-crystalline polymers containing azobenzene chromophores. J. Mater. Chem. C. 2:3047–3054.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu, H., T. Iyoda, and T. Ikeda. 2006. Photoinduced alignment of nanocylinders by supramolecular cooperative motions. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 128:11010–11011.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chao, C. Y., X. Li, C. K. Ober, C. Osuji, and E. L. Thomas. 2004. Orientational switching of mesogens and microdomains in hydrogen‐bonded side‐chain liquid‐crystalline block copolymers using AC electric fields. Adv. Funct. Mater. 14:364–370.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu, H., T. Kobayashi, and H. Yang. 2011. Liquid‐crystalline ordering helps block copolymer self‐assembly. Adv. Mater. 23:3337–3344.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu, H., and T. Ikeda. 2011. Photocontrollable liquid‐crystalline actuators. Adv. Mater. 23:2149–2180.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu, H., J. Li, T. Ikeda, and T. Iyoda. 2006. Macroscopic parallel nanocylinder array fabrication using a simple rubbing technique. Adv. Mater. 18:2213–2215.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cui, L., X. Tong, X. Yan, G. Liu, and Y. Zhao. 2004. Photoactive thermoplastic elastomers of azobenzene-containing triblock copolymers prepared through atom transfer radical polymerization. Macromolecules. 37:7097–7104.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bates, F. S., and G. H. Fredrickson. 1999. Block copolymers-designer soft materials. Physics. Today. 52:32–38.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peris, S., B. Tylkowski, J. Carles Ronda, R. Garcia‐Valls, R. José Antonio, M. Giamberini. 2009. Synthesis, characterization, and photoresponsive behavior of new azobenzene‐containing polyethers. J. Polym. Sci. A. Polym. Chem. 47:5426–5436.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sin, S. L., L. H. Gan, X. Hu, K. C. Tam, and Y. Y. Gan. 2005. Photochemical and thermal isomerizations of azobenzene-containing amphiphilic diblock copolymers in aqueous micellar aggregates and in film. Macromolecules. 38:3943–3948.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu, J., W. Zhang, N. Zhou, J. Zhu, Z. Cheng, Y. Xu, and X. Zhu. 2008. Synthesis of azobenzene‐containing polymers via RAFT polymerization and investigation on intense fluorescence from aggregates of azobenzene‐containing amphiphilic diblock copolymers. J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem. 46:5652–5662.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kadota, S., K. Aoki, S. Nagano, and T. Seki. 2005. Photocontrolled microphase separation of block copolymers in two dimensions. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 127:8266–8267.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barrett, C. J., P. L. Rochon, and A. L. Natansohn. 1998. Model of laser-driven mass transport in thin films of dye-functionalized polymers. J. Chem. Phys. 109:1505–1516.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hafiz, H. R., and F. Nakanishi. 2003. Photoresponsive liquid crystal display driven by new photochromic azobenzene-based Langmuir–Blodgett films. Nanotechnology. 14:649–654.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pedersen, T. G., P. M. Johansen, and H. C. Pedersen. 2000. Characterization of azobenzene chromophores for reversible optical data storage: molecular quantum calculations. J. Opt. A Pure Appl. Opt. 2:272–278.
   Google Scholar
• Wu, Y., A. Kanazawa, T. Shiono, T. Ikeda, and Q. Zhang. 1999. Photoinduced alignment of polymer liquid crystals containing azobenzene moieties in the side chain. 4. Dynamic study of the alignment process. Polymer. 40:4787–4793.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, Z., Y. Zhang, L. Zhu, T. Shen, and H. Zhang. 2010. Efficient synthesis of photoresponsive azobenzene-containing side-chain liquid crystalline polymers with high molecular weights by click chemistry. Polym. Chem. 1:1501–1511.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, J., K. Kamata, M. Komura, T. Yamada, H. Yoshida, and T. Iyoda. 2007. Anisotropic ion conductivity in liquid crystalline diblock copolymer membranes with perpendicularly oriented PEO cylindrical domains. Macromolecules. 40:8125–8128.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ikkala, O., and G. Ten brinke. 2002. Functional materials based on self-assembly of polymeric supramolecules. Science. 295:2407–2409.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verploegen, E., T. Zhang, Y. S. Jung, C. Ross, and P. T. Hammond. 2008. Controlling the morphology of side chain liquid crystalline block copolymer thin films through variations in liquid crystalline content. Nano Lett. 8:3434–3440.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Templin, M., A. Franck, A. Du Chesne, H. Leist, Y. Zhang, R. Ulrich, V. Schädler, and U. Wiesner. 1997. Organically modified aluminosilicate mesostructures from block copolymer phases. Science. 278:1795–1798.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haupt, M., S. Miller, R. Glass, M. Arnold, R. Sauer, K. Thonke, M. Möller, and J. P. Spatz. 2003. Nanoporous gold films created using templates formed from self‐assembled structures of Inorganic-Block copolymer micelles. Adv. Mater. 15:829–831.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spatz, J. P., T. Herzog, S. Mößmer, P. Ziemann, and M. Möller. 1999. Micellar inorganic-polymer hybrid systems-a tool for nanolithography. Adv. Mater. 11:149–153.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haupt, M., S. Miller, A. Ladenburger, R. Sauer, K. Thonke, J. P. Spatz, S. Riethmüller, M. Möller, and F. Banhart. 2002. Semiconductor nanostructures defined with self-organizing polymers. J. Appl. Phys. 91:6057–6059.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, J., B. Wu, S. Li, G. Sinawang, X. Wang, and Y. He. 2016. Synthesis and characterization of photoprocessable lignin-based azo polymer. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. 4:4036–4042.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jin, Q., G. Liu, X. Liu, and J. Ji. 2010. Photo-responsive supramolecular self-assembly and disassembly of an azobenzene-containing block copolymer. Soft Matter. 6:5589–5595.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rao, J., and A. Khan. 2013. Enzyme sensitive synthetic polymer micelles based on the azobenzene motif. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 135:14056–14059.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rao, J., and A. Khan. 2015. Enzymatic ‘charging’of synthetic polymers. Polym. Chem. 6:686–690.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rao, J., C. Hottinger, and A. Khan. 2014. Enzyme-triggered cascade reactions and assembly of abiotic block copolymers into micellar nanostructures. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 136:5872–5875.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lodge, T. P. 2003. Block copolymers: past successes and future challenges. Macromol. Chem. Phys. 204:265–273.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Segalman, R. A. 2005. Patterning with block copolymer thin films. Mater. Sci. Eng. R. 48:191–226.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, D. H., S. H. Kim, K. Lavery, and T. P. Russell. 2004. Inorganic nanodots from thin films of block copolymers. Nano Lett. 4:1841–1844.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haryono, A., and W. H. Binder. 2006. Controlled arrangement of nanoparticle arrays in block‐copolymer domains. Small. 2:600–611
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, K. W., K. H. Wei, and H. C. Lin. 2006. Synthesis and characterization of liquid‐crystalline block copolymers with cyanoterphenyl moieties by atom transfer radical polymerization. J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem. 44:4593–4602.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• He, X., W. Sun, D. Yan, M. Xie, and Y. Zhang. 2008. Synthesis and characterization of side‐chain liquid crystalline ABC triblock copolymers with p‐methoxyazobenzene moieties by atom transfer radical polymerization. J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem. 46:4442–4450.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zenati, A., and S. Thammalangsy. 2018. Characteristics and self‐assembly behaviors of photochromic triblock azo‐copolymers based on hard‐soft‐hard segments synthesized via RAFT process. J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polym. Chem. 56:1617–1629.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stenzel, M. H., and T. P. Davis. 2002. Star polymer synthesis using trithiocarbonate functional β‐cyclodextrin cores (reversible addition–fragmentation chain‐transfer polymerization). J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem. 40:4498–4512.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tian, Y., K. Watanabe, X. Kong, J. Abe, and T. Iyoda. 2002. Synthesis, nanostructures, and functionality of amphiphilic liquid crystalline block copolymers with azobenzene moieties. Macromolecules. 35:3739–3747.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, J., S. Wang, Y. Zhou, X. Wang, and Y. He. 2015. Fast photoinduced large deformation of colloidal spheres from a novel 4-arm azobenzene compound. Acs Appl. Mater. Interfaces. 7:16889–16895.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knuesel, R. J., and H. O. Jacobs. 2010. Self-assembly of microscopic chiplets at a liquid–liquid–solid interface forming a flexible segmented monocrystalline solar cell. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 107:993–998.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moad, G., E. Rizzardo, and S. H. Thang. 2013. RAFT polymerization and some of its applications. Chem Asian J. 8:1634–1644.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, Y., Z. Cheng, X. Chen, W. Zhang, J. Wu, J. Zhu, and X. Zhu. 2007. Synthesis and photoresponsive behaviors of well-defined azobenzene-containing polymers via RAFT polymerization. Macromolecules. 40:4809–4817.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harvison, M. A., and A. B. Lowe. 2011. Combining RAFT radical polymerization and click/highly efficient coupling chemistries: a powerful strategy for the preparation of novel materials. Macromol. Rapid Commun. 32:779–800.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rajasekhar, T., M. Trinadh, R. Sahoo, S. Dhara, and A. V. Sainath. 2015. Synthesis and characterization of novel ABA-type azobenzene-containing tri-block copolymers from telechelic polystyrene. Des. Monomers. Polym. 18:145–156.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao, Y., B. Qi, X. Tong, and Y. Zhao. 2008. Synthesis of double side-chain liquid crystalline block copolymers using RAFT polymerization and the orientational cooperative effect. Macromolecules, 41:3823–3831.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levit, M., N. Zashikhina, A. Dobrodumov, A. Kashina, I. Tarasenko, E. Panarin, S. Fiorucci, E. Korzhikova-Vlakh, and T. Tennikova. 2018. Synthesis and characterization of well-defined poly (2-deoxy-2-methacrylamido-d-glucose) and its biopotential block copolymers via RAFT and ROP polymerization. Eur. Polym. J. 105:26–37.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• He, X., H. Zhang, D. Yan, and X. Wang. 2003. Synthesis of side‐chain liquid‐crystalline homopolymers and triblock copolymers with p‐methoxyazobenzene moieties and poly (ethylene glycol) as coil segments by atom transfer radical polymerization and their thermotropic phase behavior. J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem. 41:2854–2864.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cui, L., Y. Zhao, A. Yavrian, and T. Galstian. 2003. Synthesis of azobenzene-containing diblock copolymers using atom transfer radical polymerization and the photoalignment behavior. Macromolecules. 36:8246–8252.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fu, X., Y. Xiao, K. Hu, J. Wang, J. Lei, and C. Zhou. 2016. Thermosetting solid-solid phase change materials composed of poly (ethylene glycol)-based two components: flexible application for thermal energy storage. Chem. Eng. J. 291:138–148.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• He, X., W. Sun, D. Yan, and L. Liang. 2008. Novel ABC2-type liquid-crystalline block copolymers with azobenzene moieties prepared by atom transfer radical polymerization. Eur. Polym. J. 44:42–49.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun, L., Y. Liu, L. Zhu, B. S. Hsiao, and C. A. Avila-Orta. 2004. Self-assembly and crystallization behavior of a double-crystalline polyethylene-block-poly (ethylene oxide) diblock copolymer. Polymer. 45:8181–8193.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao, Y., and J. He. 2009. Azobenzene-containing block copolymers: the interplay of light and morphology enables new functions. Soft Matter. 5:2686–2693.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peponi, L., A. Tercjak, L Martin, I. Mondragon, and J. M. Kenny. 2011. Morphology-properties relationship on nanocomposite films based on poly (styrene-block-diene-block-styrene) copolymers and silver nanoparticles. Express Polym. Lett. 5:104–118.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu, Y., Y. Zhou, Z. Chen, R. Lin, and X. Wang. 2012. Photoresponsive diblock copolymers bearing strong push-pull azo chromophores and cholesteryl groups. Polymer. 53:3566–3576.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miyatake, M., T. Kimura, H. Komiyama, M. Komura, and T. Iyoda. 2012. Large-area fabrication of free-standing thick membrane with microphase-separated cylindrical nanostructure. Trans. Mat. Res. Soc. Japan. 37:409–412.
   Google Scholar
• Tamai, N., and H. Miyasaka. 2000. Ultrafast dynamics of photochromic systems. Chem. Rev. 100:1875–1890.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar