932
Views
18
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Article

Guns and butter? Military expenditure and health spending on the eve of the Arab Spring

ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon
Pages 227-237 | Received 04 Feb 2018, Accepted 03 Jul 2018, Published online: 18 Jul 2018

References

  • Ali, H. 2011. “Military Expenditures and Human Development: Guns and Butter Arguments Revisited: A Case Study from Egypt.” Peace Economics, Peace Science and Public Policy 17: 1. doi:10.2202/1554-8597.1240.
  • Ali, H. 2012. “Military Expenditures and Inequality in the Middle East and North Africa: A Panel Analysis.” Defence and Peace Economics 23 (6): 575–589. doi:10.1080/10242694.2012.663578.
  • Ali, H. E., and O. A. Abdellatif. 2015. “Military Expenditures and Natural Resources: Evidence from Rentier States in the Middle East and North Africa.” Defence and Peace Economics 26 (1): 5–13. doi:10.1080/10242694.2013.848574.
  • Anderson, E., and R. Blundell. 1982. “Estimation and Hypotheses Testing in Dynamic Singular Equation Systems.” Econometrica : Journal of the Econometric Society 50: 1559–1572. doi:10.2307/1913396.
  • Apostolakis, B. E. 1992. “Warfare-Welfare Expenditure Substitutions in Latin America, 1953-87.” Journal of Peace Research 29: 85–98. doi:10.1177/0022343392029001007.
  • Arellano, M., and O. Bover. 1995. “Another Look at the Instrumental Variable Estimation of Error-Components Models.” Journal of Econometrics 68: 29–51. doi:10.1016/0304-4076(94)01642-D.
  • Bauwens, M.-A. 2012. “Guns versus Butter: A Budgetary Trade-Off in the MENA Region.” Master Thesis, Lund University.
  • Cammett, M., I. Diwan, A. Richards, and J. Waterbury. 2015. A Political Economy of the Middle East. 4th ed. Boulder, CO: Westview.
  • Coutts, A., Stuckler, D. Batniji, R. Ismail, S. Maziak, W. McKee, M. 2013. “The Arab Spring and Health: Two Years on.” International Journal of Health Services 43(1): 49–60. doi:10.2190/hs.43.1.d
  • d’Agostino, G., J. P. Dunne, and L. Pieroni. 2017. “Does Military Spending Matter for Long-Run Growth?” Defence and Peace Economics 28: 429–436. doi:10.1080/10242694.2017.1324723.
  • Daoud, A. 2011. “Scarcity, Abundance and Sufficiency: Contributions to Social and Economic Theory.” In Gotheborg Studies in Sociology. Vol. 46. Gothenburg: University of Gothenburg. https://gupea.ub.gu.se/handle/2077/24686
  • Daoud, A. 2017. “A Framework for Synthesizing the Malthusian and Senian Approaches: Exemplified by the 1943 Bengal Famine.” Cambridge Journal of Economics 42 (2): 453–476. doi:10.1093/cje/bew071.
  • Daoud, A. 2018. “Unifying Studies of Scarcity, Abundance, and Sufficiency.” Ecological Economics 147: 208–217. doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2018.01.019.
  • Deger, S. 1985. “Human Resources, Government Education Expenditure and the Military Burden in Less Developed Countries.” Journal of Developing Areas 20: 37–48.
  • Desai, R. M., A. Olofsgård, and T. M. Yousef. 2011. “Is the Arab Authoritarian Bargain Collapsing?” Brookings Institute. Available at: https://www.brookings.edu/opinions/is-the-arab-authoritarian-bargain-collapsing/
  • Dickey, D. A., and W. A. Fuller. 1981. “Likelihood Ratio Statistics for Autoregressive Time Series with a Unit Root.” Econometrica : Journal of the Econometric Society 49: 1057–1071. doi:10.2307/1912517.
  • Dunne, J. P. 1996. ““Economic Effects of Military Expenditure in Developing Countries: A Survey.” Chap. 23.” In The Peace Dividend, edited by N. P. Gleditsch. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
  • Dunne, J. P., R. Smith, and D. Willenbockel. 2005. “Models of Military Expenditure and Growth: A Critical Review.” Defence and Peace Economics 16: 449–461. doi:10.1080/10242690500167791.
  • Dunne, J. P., and N. Tian. 2015. “Military Expenditure, Economic Growth and Heterogeneity.” Defence and Peace Economics 26: 15–31. doi:10.1080/10242694.2013.848575.
  • Elbadawi, I. A., and P. Keefer. 2014. Democracy, Democratic Consolidation, and Military Spending. Economic Research Forum, Working No. 848. http://erf.org.eg/publications/democracy-democratic-consolidation-and-military-spending/
  • Gaub, F. 2014. “Arab Military Spending: Behind the Figures.” Alert No. 27, 16 May 2014. Accessed 25 July 2015 http://www.iss.europa.eu/publications/detail/article/arab-military-spending-behind-thefigures
  • Hessami, Z. 2014. “Political Corruption, Public Procurement, and Budget Composition: Theory and Evidence from OECD Countries.” European Journal of Political Economy 34: 372–389. doi:10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2014.02.005.
  • Holtz-Eakin, D., W. Newey, and H. Rosen. 1988. “Estimating Vector Autoregression with Panel Data.” Econometrica : Journal of the Econometric Society 56: 1371–1395. doi:10.2307/1913103.
  • Im, K. S., M. H. Pesaran, and Y. Shin. 2003. “Testing for Unit Roots in Heterogeneous Panels.” Journal of Econometrics 115 (1): 53–74. doi:10.1016/S0304-4076(03)00092-7.
  • Kiviet, J., G. Phillips, and B. Schipp. 1995. “The Bias of OLS, GLS, ZEF Estimators in Dynamic SUR Models.” Journal of Econometrics 69: 241–266. doi:10.1016/0304-4076(94)01670-U.
  • Lin, E. S., E. A. Hamid, and Y.-L. Lu. 2015. “Does Military Spending Crowd Out Social Welfare Expenditures? Evidence from a Panel of OECD Countries.” Defence and Peace Economics 26: 33–48. doi:10.1080/10242694.2013.848576.
  • Neuman, S. G. 1994. “Arms Transfers, Military Assistance, and Defense Industries: Socioeconomic Burden or Opportunity?” American Academy of Political and Social Science 535: 91–109. doi:10.1177/0002716294535001007.
  • Peroff, K., and M. Podolak-Warren. 1979. “Does Spending on Defence Cut Spending on Health? A Time-Series Analysis of the U.S. Economy 1929-74.” British Journal of Political Science 9: 21–39.
  • Phillips, P., and P. Perron. 1988. “Testing for a Unit Root in Time Series Regression.” Biometrica 75: 335–346. doi:10.1093/biomet/75.2.335.
  • Reeves, A., and D. Stuckler. 2013. “Crowd-Out of Defence and Health Spending: Is Israel Different from Other Industrialised Nations?” Israel Journal of Health Policy Research 2: 1–3. doi:10.1186/2045-4015-2-1.
  • Russett, B. M. 1969. “Who Pays for Defense?” American Political Science Review 63: 412–426. doi:10.1017/S0003055400262308.
  • Russett, B. M. 1982. “Defense Expenditures and National Well-Being.” American Political Science Review 76: 767–777.
  • Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI). 2014. SIPRI Military Expenditure Database. Accessed 25 July 2015 https://www.sipri.org/databases/milex
  • UN-ESCWA. 2013. “An Overview of the Arab Security Sector Amidst Political Transition: A Reflect on Legacies, Functions and Perceptions”. Accessed 25 July 2015. http://www.escwa.un.org/information/publications/edit/upload/E_ESCWA_ECRI_13_2_E.pdf
  • UN-ESCWA. 2014. “Arab Middle Class: Measurement and Role in Driving Change”. Accessed 25 July 2015. http://www.escwa.un.org/information/publications/edit/upload/E_ESCWA_EDGD_14_2_E.pdf
  • Verner, J. G. 1983. “Budgetary Trade-Offs between Education and Defense in Latin America: A Research Note.” Journal of Developing Areas 18: 77–92.
  • Yildirim, J., and S. Sezgin. 2002. “Defence, Education and Health Expenditures in Turkey, 1924-96.” Journal of Peace Research 39: 569–580. doi:10.1177/0022343302039005004.
  • Zellner, A. 1962. “An Efficient Method of Estimating Seemingly Unrelated Regressions and Test Regression Bias.” Journal of the American Statistical Association 57: 348–368. doi:10.1080/01621459.1962.10480664.
  • Zhang, Y., X. Liu, J. Xu, and R. Wang. 2016. “Does Military Spending Promote Social Welfare? A Comparative Analysis of the BRICS and G7 Countries.” Defence and Peace Economics 28 (6): 686–702. doi:10.1080/10242694.2016.1144899.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.