References
- Akerman, A., and A. L. Seim. 2014. “The Global Arms Trade Network 1950–2007.” Journal of Comparative Economics 42 (3): 535–551. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2014.03.001.
- Anselin, L. 1980. Estimation Methods for Spatial Autoregressive Structures. Ithaca: Cornell University.
- Ayyadi, I., and M. Kamal. 2016. “China-Israel Arms Trade and Co-operation: History and Policy Implications.” Asian Affairs 47 (2): 260–273. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/03068374.2016.1170491.
- Beck, N., K. S. Gleditsch, and K. Beardsley. 2006. “Space Is More than Geography: Using Spatial Econometrics in the Study of Political Economy.” International Studies Quarterly 50 (1): 27–44. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2478.2006.00391.x.
- Blum, J. 2018. “Defense Burden and the Effect of Democracy: Evidence from a Spatial Panel Analysis.” Defence and Peace Economics 29 (6): 614–641.
- Boulding, K. E. 1962. Conflict and Defense: A General Theory. San Francisco, CA: Harper.
- Collier, P., and A. Hoeffler. 2002. “Military Expenditure: Threats, Aid, and Arms Races.” The World Bank.
- Dunne, J. P., S. Perlo-Freeman, and R. P. Smith. 2008. “The Demand for Military Spending in Developing Countries: Hostility versus Capability.” Defence and Peace Economics 19 (4): 293–302. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/10242690802166566.
- Dunne, P., and S. Perlo-Freeman. 2003. “The Demand for Military Spending in Developing Countries.” International Review of Applied Economics 17 (1): 23–48. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/713673166.
- Fordham, B. O., and T. C. Walker. 2005. “Kantian Liberalism, Regime Type, and Military Resource Allocation: Do Democracies Spend Less?” International Studies Quarterly 49 (1): 141–157. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0020-8833.2005.00338.x.
- George, J., D. Hou, and T. Sandler. 2019. “Asia-Pacific Demand for Military Expenditure: Spatial Panel and SUR Estimates.” Defence and Peace Economics 30 (4): 381–401. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/10242694.2018.1434375.
- George, J., and T. Sandler. 2018. “Demand for Military Spending in NATO, 1968–2015: A Spatial Panel Approach.” European Journal of Political Economy 53: 222–236. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2017.09.002.
- Goldsmith, B. E. 2007. “Arms Racing in ‘Space’: Spatial Modelling of Military Spending around the World.” Australian Journal of Political Science 42 (3): 419–440. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/10361140701513562.
- Griffin, L. J., J. A. Devine, and M. Wallace. 1982. “Monopoly Capital, Organized Labor, and Military Expenditures in the United States, 1949–1976.” American Journal of Sociology 88: S113–S153. doi:https://doi.org/10.1086/649254.
- Hegre, H. 2000. “Development and the Liberal Peace: What Does It Take to Be a Trading State?.” Journal of Peace Research 37 (1): 5–30. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0022343300037001001.
- Intriljgator, M. D., and D. L. Brito. 2000. “Arms Races.” Defence and Peace Economics 11 (1): 45–54. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/10430710008404938.
- Kim, W., and T. Sandler. 2020. “NATO at 70: Pledges, Free Riding, and Benefit-burden Concordance.” Defence and Peace Economics 31 (4): 400–413. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/10242694.2019.1640937.
- Lee, L. 2007. “GMM and 2SLS Estimation of Mixed Regressive, Spatial Autoregressive Models.” Journal of Econometrics 137 (2): 489–514. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeconom.2005.10.004.
- Lee, L. F. 2004. “Asymptotic Distributions of Quasi‐maximum Likelihood Estimators for Spatial Autoregressive Models.” Econometrica 72 (6): 1899–1925. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0262.2004.00558.x.
- LeSage, J., and R. K. Pace. 2009. Introduction to Spatial Econometrics. Boca Raton, FL: Chapman & Hall.
- Olson, M., and R. Zeckhauser. 1966. “An Economic Theory of Alliances.” The Review of Economics and Statistics 48 (3): 266–279. doi:https://doi.org/10.2307/1927082.
- Pierre, A. J. 2014. The Global Politics of Arms Sales. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
- Pinkse, J., and M. E. Slade. 2010. “The Future of Spatial Econometrics.” Journal of Regional Science 50 (1): 103–117. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9787.2009.00645.x.
- Qu, X., and L. F. Lee. 2015. “Estimating a Spatial Autoregressive Model with an Endogenous Spatial Weight Matrix.” Journal of Econometrics 184 (2): 209–232. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeconom.2014.08.008.
- Richardson, L. F. 1960. Arms and Insecurity: A Mathematical Study of the Causes and Origins of War. Pittsburgh: Boxwood Press.
- Skogstad, K. 2016. “Defence Budgets in the post-Cold War Era: A Spatial Econometrics Approach.” Defence and Peace Economics 27 (3): 323–352. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/10242694.2015.1034911.
- Thurner, P. W., C. S. Schmid, S. J. Cranmer, and G. Kauermann. 2019. “Network Interdependencies and the Evolution of the International Arms Trade.” Journal of Conflict Resolution 63 (7): 1736–1764. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0022002718801965.
- Tinbergen, J. 1962. “Shaping the World Economy: An Analysis of World Trade Flows.” New York Twentieth Century Fund 5 (1): 27–30.
- Webb, K. 2007. “The Continued Importance of Geographic Distance and Boulding’s Loss of Strength Gradient.” Comparative Strategy 26 (4): 295–310. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/01495930701598607.
- Webber, D. 2019. “Trends in European Political (Dis) Integration. An Analysis of Post Functionalist and Other Explanations.” Journal of European Public Policy
- Yesilyurt, M. E., and J. P. Elhorst. 2017. “Impacts of Neighboring Countries on Military Expenditures: A Dynamic Spatial Panel Approach.” Journal of Peace Research 54 (6): 777–790. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0022343317707569.