Troxacitabine Activity in Extramedullary Myeloid Leukemia

References

• Mansour, T.S., Jin, H., Wang, W., Hooker, E.U., Ashman, C., Cammack, N., Salomon, H., Belmonte, A.R. and Wainberg, M.A. (1995) "Anti-human immunodeficiency virus and anti-hepatitis-B virus activities and toxicities of the enantiomers of 21-deoxy-3'-oxa-4'-thiocytidine and their 5-fluoro analogues in vitro", J. Med. Chem. 38, 1–4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giles, F.J., Cortes, J.E., Baker, S.D., Thomas, D.A., O'Brien, S., Smith, T.L., Beran, M., Bivins, C., Jolivet, J. and Kantarjian, H.M. (2001) "Troxacitabine, a novel dioxolane nucleoside analog, has activity in patients with advanced leukemia", J. Clin. Oncol. 19, 762–771.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giles, F.J., Garcia-Manero, G., Cortes, J.E., Baker, S.D., Miller, C.B., O'Brien, S.M., Thomas, D.A., Andreeff, M., Bivins, C., Jolivet, J. and Kantarjian, H.M. (2002) "Phase II study of troxacitabine, a novel dioxolane nucleoside analog, in patients with refractory leukemia", J. Clin. Oncol. 20, 656–664.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meis, J.M., Butler, J.J., Osborne, B.M. and Manning, J.T. (1986) "Granulocytic sarcoma in nonleukemic patients", Cancer 58, 2697–2709.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beutler, E.L.M., Coller, B., Kipps, T. and Seligsohn, U. (2001) "Chronic myelogenous leukemia and related disorders", Williams Hematology (Mc Graw-Hill, New York).
   Google Scholar
• Suh, Y.K. and Shin, H.J. (2000) "Fine-needle aspiration biopsy of granulocytic sarcoma: a dinicopathologic study of 27 cases", Cancer 90, 364–372.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neiman, R.S., Barcos, M., Berard, C., Bonner, H., Mann, R., Ryden, R.E. and Bennett, J.M. (1981) "Granulocytic sarcoma: a clinicopathologic study of 61 biopsied cases", Cancer 48, 1426–1437.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wiernik, EH. and Serpick, A.A. (1970) "Granulocytic sarcoma (chloroma)", Blood 35, 361–369.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Byrd, J.C., Edenfield, W.J., Shields, D.J. and Dawson, N.A. (1995) "Extramedullary myeloid cell tumors in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia: a clinical review", J. Clin. Oncol. 13, 1800–1816.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, K., Mann, K.P., Garst, J.L., Dodd, L.G. and Olatidoye, B.A. (1999) "Diagnosis of posttransplant granulocytic sarcoma by fine-needle aspiration cytology and flow cytometry", Diagn. Cytopathol. 20, 85–89.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Szomor, A., Passweg, JR., Tichelli, A., Hoffmann, T., Speck, B. and Gratwohl, A. (1997) "Myeloid leukemia and myelodys-plastic syndrome relapsing as granulocytic sarcoma (chloroma) after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation", Ann. Hematol. 75, 239–241.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Au, WY, Kwong, Y.L., Lie, AK., Ma, S.K. and Liang, R. (1999) "Extra-medullary relapse of leukemia following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation", Hematol. Oncol. 17, 45–52.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giralt, S., O'Brien, S., Weeks, E., Luna, M. and Kantarjian, H. (1994) "Leukemia cutis in acute promyelocytic leukemia: report of three cases after treatment with all-trans retinoic acid", Leuk. Lymphoma 14, 453–456.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evans, G., Grimwade, D., Prentice, H.G. and Simpson, N. (1997) "Central nervous system relapse in acute promyelo-cytic leukaemia in patients treated with all-trans retinoic acid", Br. J. Haematol. 98, 437–439.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evans, G.D. and Grimwade, D.J. (1999) "Extramedullary disease in acute promyelocytic leukemia", Leuk. Lymphoma 33, 219–229.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Menendez, A., Gonzalez, A., Cabrera, H., Mesa, J., Martinez, G., Espinoza, E. and Hernandez, E (2000) "Clinical spectrum of extramedullary acute promyelocytic leukemia", Fur. J. Haematol. 64, 201–203.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liso, V, Specchia, G., Pogliani, EM., Palumbo, G., Mininni, D., Rossi, V, Teruzzi, E., Mestice, A., Coppi, M.R. and Biondi, A. (1998) "Extramedullary involvement in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia: a report of seven cases", Cancer 83, 1522–1528.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Specchia, G., Lo Coco, F., Vignetti, M., Avvisati, G., Fazi, P., Albano, E, Di Raimondo, E, Martino, B., Ferrara, E, Selleri, C., Liso, V. and Mandelli, E (2001) "Extramedullary involvement at relapse in acute promyelocytic leukemia patients treated or not with all-trans retinoic acid: a report by the Gruppo Italiano Malattie Ematologiche dell'Adulto", J. Clin. Oncol. 19, 4023–4028.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beran, M., Estey, E., O'Brien, S., Cortes, J., Koller, CA., Giles, F.J., Kornblau, S., Andreeff, M., Vey, N., Pierce, SR., Hayes, K., Wong, C.C., Keating, M. and Kantarjian, H. (1999) "Topotecan and cytarabine is an active combination regimen in myelodysplastic syndromes and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia", J. Clin. Oncol. 17, 2819–2830.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Estey, E.H., Thall, P.F., Cortes, J.E., Giles, F.J., O'Brien, S., Pierce, S.A., Wang, X., Kantarjian, H.M. and Beran, M. (2001) "Comparison of idarubicin + ara-C-, fludarabine + ara-C-, and topotecan + ara-C-based regimens in treatment of newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia, refractory anemia with excess blasts in transformation, or refractory anemia with excess blasts", Blood 98, 3575–3583.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grove, K.L., Guo, X., Liu, S.H., Gao, Z., Chu, C.K. and Cheng, Y.C. (1995) "Anticancer activity of beta-L-dioxolane-cytidine, a novel nucleoside analogue with the unnatural L configu-ration", Cancer Res. 55, 3008–3011.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kadhim, S.A., Bowlin, T.L., Waud, W.R., Angers, E.G., Bibeau, L., DeMuys, J.M., Bednarski, K., Cimpoia, A. and Attardo, G. (1997) "Potent antitumor activity of a novel nucleoside analogue, BCH-4556 (beta-L-dioxolane-cytidine), in human renal cell carcinoma xenograft tumor models", Cancer Res. 57, 4803–4810.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kukhanova, M., Liu, S.H., Mozzherin, D., Lin, T.S., Chu, C.K. and Cheng, Y.C. (1995) "L- and D-enantiomers of 2',3'-dideoxycytidine 5'-triphosphate analogs as substrates for human DNA polymerases. Implications for the mechanism of toxicity", J. Biol. Chem. 270, 23055–23059.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grant, S. (1998) "Ara-C: cellular and molecular pharma-cology", Adv. Cancer Res. 72, 197–233.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grove, K.L. and Cheng, Y.C. (1996) "Uptake and metabolism of the new anticancer compound beta-L-(— -dioxolane-cytidine in human prostate carcinoma DU-145 cells", Cancer Res. 56, 4187–4191.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chou, K.M., Kukhanova, M. and Cheng, Y.C. (2000) "A novel action of human apurinic / apyrimidinic endonuclease. Exci-sion of L-configuration deoxyribonucleoside analogs from the 3' termini of DNA", J. Biol. Chem. 275, 31009–31015.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chiba, P., Tihan, T., Szekeres, T., Salamon, J., Kraupp, M., Eher, R., Koller, U. and Knapp, W. (1990) "Concordant changes of pyrimidine metabolism in blasts of two cases of acute myeloid leukemia after repeated treatment with ara-C in vivo", Leukemia 4, 761–765.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kees, U.R., Ford, J., Dawson, V.M., Piall, E. and Aherne, G.W. (1989) "Development of resistance to 1-beta-D-arabinofu-ranosylcytosine after high-dose treatment in childhood lymphoblastic leukemia: analysis of resistance mechanism in established cell lines", Cancer Res. 49, 3015–3019.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hagenbeek, A., Martens, A.C. and Colly, L.P. (1987) "In vivo development of cytosine arabinoside resistance in the BN acute myelocytic leukemia", Semin. Oncol. 14, 202–206.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harris, A.L., Grahame-Smith, D.G., Potter, C.G. and Bunch, C. (1981) "Cytosine arabinoside deamination in human leukae-mic myeloblasts and resistance to cytosine arabinoside therapy", Clin. Sci. (Colch.) 60, 191–198.
   Google Scholar
• Flasshove, M., Frings, W., Schroder, J.K., Moritz, T., Schutte, J. and Seeber, S. (1999) "Transfer of the cytidine deaminase cDNA into hematopoietic cells", Leuk. Res. 23, 1047–1053.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gourdeau, H., Bibeau, L., Ouellet, F., Custeau, D., Bernier, L. and Bowlin, T. (2001) "Comparative study of a novel nucleoside analogue (Troxatyl, troxacitabine, BCH-4556) and AraC against leukemic human tumor xenografts expressing high or low cytidine deaminase activity", Cancer Chemot her. Pharmacol. 47, 236–240.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Haperen, V.W., Veerman, G., Vermorken, J.B., Pinedo, H.M. and Peters, G. (1996) "Regulation of phos-phorylation of deoxycytidine and 2',2'-difluorodeoxycytidine (gemcitabine); effects of cytidine 5'-triphosphate and uridine 5'-triphosphate in relation to chemosensitivity for 2',2'-difluorodeoxycytidine", Biochem. Pharmacol. 51, 911–918.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weitman, S., Marty, J., Jolivet, J., Locas, C. and Von Hoff, D.D. (2000) "The new dioxolane, (— )-2'-deoxy-3'-oxacytidine (BCH-4556, troxacitabine), has activity against pancreatic human tumor xenografts", Clin. Cancer Res. 6, 1574–1578.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galmarini, C.M., Mackey, J.R. and Dumontet, C. (2001) "Nucleoside analogues: mechanisms of drug resistance and reversal strategies", Leukemia 15, 875–890.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gunzburg, W.H. and Salmons, B. (2001) "Novel clinical strategies for the treatment of pancreatic carcinoma", Trends Mol. Med. 7, 30–37.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar