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ESSAY

RETHINKING CONFLICT TRAJECTORIES

South Africa and Kenya revisited

Pages 101-114 | Published online: 21 Jul 2010

Notes

  • Section 2A of Kenya's constitution was repealed in this year, although the basic single-party structures were retained.
  • Johnston , A M . 1990 . Self determination in a comparative context: Northern Ireland and South Africa . Politikon , 17 ( 2 ) December : 5 – 22 .
  • 1982 . “ The Kenyan authors of this book have decided to remain anonymous because they still live in their country ” . In Independent Kenya , xi Zed Press .
  • Adam , H and Moodley , K . 1986 . South Africa without apartheid: dismantling racial domination , 20 Berkeley : University of California Press .
  • Lisphart , A . 1989 . “ The ethnic factor and democratic constitution making in South Africa ” . In South Africa in Southern Africa: domestic change and international conflict , Edited by: Keller , E J and Picard , L A . Boulder and London : Lynne Rienner .
  • Mathews , A S . 1986 . Freedom, state security and the rule of law: dilemma of the apartheid society , 284 Cape Town : Juta .
  • Galtung , J and Jacobsen , C G . 2000 . Searching for peace: the road to transcend , 107 London, Sterling, , Virginia : Pluto Press .
  • 2001 . Approaches, Paul H Nitze School of Advanced international Studies , Johns Hopkins University . The Conflict Management Program, Conflict Management Toolkit
  • Galtung , J . 1996 . Peace by peaceful means , London, Thousand Oaks, New Delhi : Sage . chapter three.
  • Galtung , J . 1978 . Peace and social structure: essays in peace research , Vol. III , Copenhagen : Christian Ejlers .
  • Mwagiru , M . 2000 . Conflict: theory, process and institutions of management , 3 24 – 35 . Nairobi : Watermark .
  • Ashforth , A . 1992 . “ South Africa: reconstructing an imperial state ” . In Africa today: crisis change , Edited by: Cohen , M and Kelson , M . 370 – 371 . New York : Javan R Dee .
  • Feliks , G . 1966 . World politics and tension areas , 43 New York : New York University Press .
  • Halisi , C R D . Racial proletariarization and political culture in South Africa Edited by: Keller and Picard . 49 – 68 . op cit
  • Wolpe , H . 1988 . Race, class and the apartheid state , 5 Paris : Unesco Press .
  • The term ‘race’ is used to refer broadly to those social categorisations which were based on biological notions.
  • Adam , H . 1972 . Modernizing racial domination: the dynamics of South Africa , 4 Berkeley : University of California Press .
  • Randall , P . 1973 . South Africa's political alternatives , 10 Johannesburg : Ravan Press . Report of the Political Commission of the Study Project of Christianity in Apartheid Society); see also L Kuper, Plural societies: perspectives and problems, Berkeley, California University Press, 1971, p 20.
  • Dahrendorf , R . 1989 . Class and class conflict in industrial society , 214 316 – 317 . Stanford : Standford University Press .
  • Blalock , H M . 1989 . Power and conflicts: toward a general theory , Newbury : Sage Publications .
  • Rupesinghe , K . 1992 . “ The disappearing boundaries between internal and external conflicts ” . In New agendas for peace research: conflict and security reexamined , Edited by: Boulding , E . 61 Boulder : Lynne Rienner .
  • Ibid.
  • Reychler , L . 1979 . Patterns of diplomatic thinking: a cross-national study of structural and social psychological determinants , 119 New York : Praeger .
  • Karel , K . 119 On Marxist theory of war and peace, cited in Reychler, op cit,; see also K Karel, On Marxist theory of war and peace, Journal of Peace Research 1, p 29.
  • Mendlovitz , S . 1975 . On the creation of a just world order: preferred worlds for the 1990s , 296 New York : Praeger . 1979
  • Burton , J W . 1989 . Conflict resolution as a political system , 3 – 23 . Center for Conflict Analysis and Resolution, George Mason University . Working Paper 1
  • van der Merwe , H W and Odendaal , A . 1992 . “ From confrontation to mediation ” . In New agendas for peace research , Edited by: Boulding , E . 145 Boulder : Lynne Rienner .
  • Frei , D . 1976 . International crises and crises management: an East West symposium , 2 West Mead : Saxon House .
  • Montville , J V . 1989 . “ Epilogue: the human factor revisited ” . In Conflict and peace making in multi-ethnic societies , Edited by: Montville , J N . 532 – 540 . Lexington : Lexington Books .
  • Saunders , H and Slim , R . 1994 . “ Dialogue to change confliction relationships ” . In Higher Education Exchange , 43 – 56 . A Kettering Newsletter .
  • Evans , G . 1993 . Cooperating for peace: the global agenda for the 1990s and beyond , 39 St. Leonard's : Allen & Unwin .
  • Lipton , M . 1987 . “ Reform: destruction or modernization of apartheid ” . In South African crisis , Edited by: Blumenfeld , J . 109 London : Croomhelm .
  • Wallestein , P . 2002 . Understanding conflict resolution: war, peace and the global system , 39 London, Thousand Oaks, New Delhi : Sage .
  • Cousens , E M and Kumar , C . 2001 . Peace building and politics: cultivating peace in fragile societies , 183 Boulder, London : Lynne Rienner .
  • Rothchild , D . 33 – 35 . From exhortation to incentive strategies: mediation efforts in South Africa in the mid 1980s in Keller and Picard, op cit
  • Lemarchard , R . Managing transition anarchies: Rwanda, Burundi and South Africa in comparative perspective . The Journal of Modern African Studies , 32 ( 4 ) 58
  • Huntington , S . 1991 . The Third Wave: democratisation in the twentieth century , 114 London : Norman .
  • February 2003 . February , See Amnesty International, Truth and justice: unfinished business in South Africa, Human Rights Briefing Paper
  • Taylor , D . Will Kenya hear the truth? <www.news24.com/news24/africa/features>, 22 April 2004
  • >.Visit <www.doj.gov.za/trc/
  • Jenkins , C . The South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission: a breakthrough for Africa? . Paper presented at the 2003 Centre for African Studies Annual Conference on ‘Remarking Law in Africa’ . University of Edinburgh .
  • Ibid.
  • Conway , P . Summer 2003 . Truth and reconciliation: the road not taken in Namibia . The Online Journal of Peace and Conflict Resolution , 5.1 (published by Tabula Rasa Institute).

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