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ESSAY

The potential impact of HIV/AIDS on the South African armed forces: Some evidence from outside and within

Pages 59-77 | Published online: 22 Jul 2010

Notes

  • This is a revised version of a paper presented at the Conference on Trends, Impact and Policy Development on HIV/AIDS and African Armed Forces, Institute for Security Studies, Pretoria, 2–5 December 2007
  • SABC News . Defence union takes offence to HIV conference snub http://www.sabcnews.com/south_africa/general/0,2172,159136,00.html(accessed 27 November 2007)
  • Eberson , Miriam . 2002 . Aids and the shopfloor—2002, A SUCCEED Magazine Special Publication 3
  • SANDF fighting different battle in form of HIV/AIDS . 8 June 2005 . The Star 8 June , 6
  • Shell , Robert . 2000 . “ Halfway to the Holocaust: the economic, demographic and social implications of the AIDS pandemic to the year 2010 in the Southern African region ” . In HIV/AIDS: a threat to the African Renaissance? 9 Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung Occasional Papers
  • UNAIDS . AIDS epidemic update—2007 http://www.unaids.org(accessed 6 December 2007)
  • Garrett , Laurie . 2005 . HIV and national security: where are the links? , 27 New York : Council on Foreign Relations .
  • SANDF fighting different battle in form of HIV/AIDS
  • Feldbaum , H , Lee , K and Patel , P . 2006 . The national security implications of HIV/AIDS . PLos Medicine , 3 ( 6 ) : 171 – 777 .
  • Tripodi , P and Patel , P . 2002 . The global impact of HIV/AIDS on peace support operations . International Peacekeeping , 9 ( 3 ) : 51 – 66 . 54
  • Garrett . HIV and national security 27
  • Sagala , John Kemoli . 2006 . HIV/AIDS and the military in sub-Saharan Africa: impact on military organizational effectiveness . Africa Today , 51 ( 1 ) : 53 – 77 . 54
  • Feldbaum . The national security implications of HIV/AIDS 774
  • The national security implications of HIV/AIDS 776
  • 1868 . South African Security Forces Union and Others v Surgeon General and Others, High Court of South Africa, Transvaal Provincial Division 3/07 Case No
  • Heinecken , Lindy and Nel , Michelle . 2008 . Human rights and HIV-testing in the military: whose rights are paramount? . Paper presented at South African Sociological Association Congress, Stellenbosch University . July 7–10 2008 . pp. 14
  • South Africa (Republic), Department of Defence . 2008 . Department of Defence Annual Report FY 2007–2008 , Pretoria : Government Printer .
  • South Africa (Republic) . 2006 . Statistics South Africa, South Africa HIV and AIDS statistics summary http://www/avert.org/safricastats.htm(accessed 20 November 2007)
  • Dorrington , R , Johnson , I Bradshaw , D . 2006 . The demographic impact of HIV/AIDS in South Africa http://www.assa.org.za(accessed 10 November 2007)
  • South Africa (Republic), Department of Defence . 2006 . Department of Defence annual report FY 2005–2006 , 12 Pretoria : Government Printer .
  • Garrett . HIV and national security 25
  • UNAIDS/UNICEF . 2004 . Children on the brink: a joint report of new orphan estimates and a framework for action hppt://www.usaid.gov(accessed 20 November 2007)
  • Barnett , Tony . 2006 . A long-wave event: HIV/AIDS, politics, governance and security: sundering the intergenerational bond? . International Affairs , 82 ( 2 ) : 297 – 313 . 299 306
  • Garrett . HIV and national security 25
  • South Africa (Republic), Department of Defence . Department of Defence annual report FY 2005–2006 163
  • United States Embassy . 2005 . Ambassador Frazer and Minister Lekota sign agreement to help build ‘worldclass medical research capability’ in the South African military health service http://usembassy.state.gove/southafrica/wwwhpr12k.html(accessed 20 November 2007)
  • http://www.statssa.gov.zaNon-natural causes include events of undetermined intent, accidental injuries, transport accidents, assault, complications of medical and surgical care, intentional self-harm, external causes of morbidity and mortality, and legal intervention and operations of war—Statistics South Africa, Mortality and causes of death in South Africa, 2005: Findings from death notification, 2007 (accessed 25 November 2007)
  • South Africa (Republic), Statistics South Africa . 2006 . South Africa HIV & Aids Statistics Summary http://www/avert.org/safricastats.htm(accessed 20 November 2007)
  • Ibid
  • Education Labour Relations Council . 2005 . The health of our educators: a focus on HIV/AIDS in South African public schools, 2004/5 survey , 56 Cape Town : HSRC Press . Report prepared by the research consortium comprising the Human Sciences Research Council and the Medical Council of South Africa, 2005
  • South Africa (Republic), Statistics South Africa . 2007 . Mortality and causes of death in South Africa, 2005: findings from death notification http://www.statssa.gov.za(accessed 25 November 2007)
  • The SANDF is hamstrung by the inability to dismiss members who under the previous service system have permanent contracts and at the same time does not have sufficient funds to take in enough service volunteers in the military skills development system to rejuvenate its forces. As a result, it sits with a rising number of ageing, unfit and unhealthy troops which it cannot deploy
  • Romer-Heitman , Helmoed . 21 August 2005 . “ Is the SANDF falling apart? ” . In Daily News 21 August , 12
  • Ibid
  • Note that this has recently been contested in the case SASFU versus the Surgeon General and Others, leaving a policy void that the SANDF is still grappling with
  • United States, General Accounting Office, UN peacekeeping: United Nations faces challenges in responding to the impact of HIV/AIDS on peacekeeping operations, Report to the Chairman, Committee on International Relations, House of Representatives, Washington, DC: United States General Accounting Office, 2001 6
  • Interview with a lieutenant colonel currently preparing for deployment to the Democratic Republic of Congo
  • South Africa (Republic), Department of Defence . 2006 . Department of Defence Annual Report FY 2005–2006 , 17 Pretoria : Government Printer .
  • Power , Megan and Maker , Jocelyn . 3 August 2008 . “ The dud sub: vessel stuck in dry dock after a litany of problems ” . In Sunday Times 3 August , 5
  • van Ryneveld , Pierre . 8 November 2006 . “ SANDF has become grim joke ” . In Pretoria News 8 November , 13
  • de Jong , Angela and Visser , Delene . 2006 . Exploring sexual practices of South African soldiers to determine their vulnerability to the human immune-deficiency virus . South African Journal of Industrial Psychology , 32 ( 1 ) : 1 – 11 . 1
  • South Africa (Republic), Department of Defence . Department of Defence Annual Report FY 2005–2006 98 – 99 .
  • Accurate statistics for war-torn regions appear inaccurate, thus figures quoted in the UNAIDS update 2007 should be read with some caution
  • Education Labour Relations Council . The health of our educators
  • Whiteside , Alan , de Waal , Alex and Gebre-Tensae , Tsadkan . 2006 . AIDS, security and the military in Africa: a sober appraisal . African Affairs , 105 ( 41 ) : 201 – 218 . 206
  • Centre for Conflict Resolution, HIV/AIDS and militaries in South Africa . 2006 . Policy seminar, Windhoek, Namibia http://ccrweb.ccr.uct.ac.za(accessed 20 November 2007)
  • Maughan , Karyn . 4 November 2006 . “ SANDF peacekeepers face litany of sex charges ” . In Pretoria News 4 November , 1
  • Ryneveld , Van . SANDF has become grim joke
  • Garrett . HIV and national security 10
  • SANDF fighting different battle in form of HIV/AIDS, 6
  • South Africa (Republic), Department of Defence . 2008 . Department of Defence Annual Report FY 2007–2008 , 151 Pretoria : Government Printer .
  • SANDF makes headway against HIV/AIDS . 21 June 2005 . Daily Dispatch 21 June , 12
  • Department of Defence Annual Report FY 2007–2008, 152
  • Elbe , Stefan . 2006 . Should HIV/AIDS be securitized: the ethical dilemmas of linking HIV/AIDS and security . International Studies Quarterly , 5 : 119 – 144 . 129 – 130 .
  • SANDF facing court challenge on approach to HIV . 15 May 2007 . The Star 15 May , 8
  • 12 November 2007 . SABC News, SANDF misconduct will not be tolerated: Deputy 12 November , http://www.sabcnews.com/south_africa/health/0,2172,1591100,00.html(accessed 15 November 2007)

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