Power and influence in post-secession South Sudan: A leadership perspective on nation-building

Bibliography

• African Union Commission of Inquiry on South Sudan (AUCISS). Final Report of the African Union Commission of Inquiry on South Sudan, (Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 15 October), 2014.
   Google Scholar
• Ajak, Peter Biar. State Formation, Humanitarianism, and Institutional Capabilities in South Sudan. Issue Brief, International Peace Institute, 2015.
   Google Scholar
• Akol, Zacharia D. “Inclusivity: A Challenge to the IGAD-Led South Sudanese Peace Process,” Policy Brief, SUDD Institute, 2014.
   Google Scholar
• Anderson, Benedict. Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism. Revised Edition. London: Verso, 2006.
   Google Scholar
• Arnold, Matthew, and Matthew LeRiche. South Sudan: From Revolution to Independence. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013. E-book edition. Accessed June 30, 2018. Available online: https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=eQEqBgAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&pg=GBS.PA50.
   Google Scholar
• Awolich, Abraham A. ‘South Sudan’s National Identity Challenge: The Interplay between Fragmented Social Structure and Elite’s Negative Role,’ Policy Brief, SUDD Institute, March 1, 2015.
   Google Scholar
• Bass, Bernard M, and With Ruth Bass. The Bass Handbook of Leadership: Theory, Research and Managerial Applications. New York: Free Press, 2008. Kindle Edition. Accessed October 2, 2015. Available online: https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/B003YCQ0IM/ref=oh_aui_d_detailpage_o02_?ie=UTF8&psc=1.
   Google Scholar
• Bereketeab, Redie. ‘Redefining National Identity and Nation-building in Post-secession Sudans: Civic and Ethnic Models.’ Studies in Ethnicity and Nationalism 14, no. 2 (2014): 302–318.
   Google Scholar
• Breuilly, John. Nationalism and the State. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1993.
   Google Scholar
• Brubaker, Rogers. Nationalism reframed: Nationhood and the national question in the New Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996.
   Google Scholar
• Burns, James McGregor. Leadership. New York: Harper & Row, 2012. Kindle e-book. Accessed July 31, 2015. Available online: https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/B007MFECFU/ref=oh_aui_d_detailpage_o06_?ie=UTF8&psc=1.
   Google Scholar
• Collins, Robert O. The Southern Sudan, 1883-1898: A Struggle for Control. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1962.
   Google Scholar
• Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA). The Comprehensive Peace Agreement Between The Government of The Republic of The Sudan and The Sudan People’s Liberation Movement/Sudan People’s Liberation Army, 2005.
   Google Scholar
• Copnall, James. A Poisonous Thorn in Our Hearts: Sudan and South Sudan’s Bitter and Incomplete Divorce. London: C. Hurst & Co., 2014. Kindle e-book edition. Accessed October 2, 2015. Available online: https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/B00N2WMCCW/ref=oh_aui_d_detailpage_o01_?ie=UTF8&psc=1.
   Google Scholar
• Cormack, Zoe. ‘Borders are galaxies: Interpreting contestations over local administrative boundaries in South Sudan.’ Africa: The Journal of the International African Institute 86, no. 3 (2016): 504–527.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dandeker, Christopher (ed.) Nationalism and Violence. New York: Transaction, 1998.
   Google Scholar
• Deng, Francis. War of Visions: Conflict of Identities in the Sudan. Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution, 1995. E-book edition. Accessed June 30, 2018. Available online: https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=_g2TSlsi_G4C&pg=GBS.PA17.w.1.2.0.
   Google Scholar
• Deng, Francis M. ‘Sudan: A Nation in Turbulent Search of Itself.’ The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 603 (2006): 155–162.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deutsch, Karl W. ‘‘Nation-Building and National Development: Some Issues for Political Research,’.’ In Nation Building in Comparative Contexts, edited by Karl W. Deutsch, and William J. Fotz. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers, 2010.
   Google Scholar
• De Vries & Mareike Schomerus. ‘South Sudan's Civil War Will Not End with a Peace Deal,’ Peace Review, 29, no. 3 (2017) 333–340.
   Google Scholar
• Eley, Geoff, and Ronald Grigor Suny. Becoming National: A Reader. New York & Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996.
   Google Scholar
• Frahm, Ole. ‘Defining a Nation: National Identity in South Sudanese Media Discourse.’ Africa Spectrum 47, no. 1 (2012): 21–49.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frahm, Ole. ‘Making borders and identities in South Sudan.’ Journal of Contemporary African Studies 33, no. 2 (2015): 251–267.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fleischner, Justine. Deadly Enterprise: Dismantling South Sudan’s War Economy and Countering Potential Spoilers, The Enough Project: The Political Economy of African Wars, 3, December. 2015.
   Google Scholar
• French, John R.P., and Bertram Raven. ‘The Bases of Social Power.’ In Leaders and the Leadership Process: Readings, Self-Assessments and Applications, edited by Jon L. Pierce, and John W. Newstrom. New York: McGraw Hill., 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Garang, John. Edited and Introduced by Mansour Khalid. The Call for Democracy in Sudan. London & New York: Kegan Paul International, 1992.
   Google Scholar
• Gellner, Ernest. Nations and Nationalism. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1983.
   Google Scholar
• Gerenge, Robert. ‘South Sudan’s December 2013 conflict: Bolting state-building fault lines with social capital.’ African Journal on Conflict Resolution 15, no. 3 (2015): 85–109.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Graen, George B., and Mary Uhl-Bien. ‘Relationship-based approach to leadership: Development of Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) Theory of leadership over 25 years: Applying a multilevel multi-domain perspective.’ Leadership Quarterly 6, no. 2 (1995): 219–247.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gray, Richard. ‘. ‘Introduction.’ In The Problem of the Southern Sudan, edited by Joseph Oduho, and William Deng. London, Karachi, Nairobi: Oxford University Press, 1963.
   Google Scholar
• Gray, Richard. ‘Some aspects of Islam in the Southern Sudan during the Turkiya,’ Symposium on Islamic Northern Africa, 14 September. London: African Studies Association of the United Kingdom, 1971.
   Google Scholar
• Grint, Keith. Leadership: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010. Kindle e-book edition. Accessed September 30, 2015. Available online: https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/B005E8356O/ref=oh_aui_d_detailpage_o05_?ie=UTF8&psc=1.
   Google Scholar
• Guibernau, Montserrat. The Identity of Nations. Cambridge: Polity Press, 2007.
   Google Scholar
• Gurtong. ‘President Kiir’s Independence Speech in Full: H.E Genral Slava Kiir Mayadit, President of the Republic of South Sudan’s Maiden speech. On the occasion of the proclamation of Independence in JUBA, 9th July 2011.’ 14 July. Available online: http://www.gurtong.net/ECM/Editorial/tabid/124/ctl/ArticleView/mid/519/articleId/5440/categoryId/121/President-Kiirs-Independence-Speech-In-Full.aspx, 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Hearn, Jonathan. Rethinking Nationalism: A Critical Introduction. Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006.
   Google Scholar
• Heywood, Andrew. Politics: Second Edition. Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan, 2002.
   Google Scholar
• Hippler, Jochen. Nation-building: A Key Concept for Peaceful Conflict Transformation? London: Pluto Press, 2005.
   Google Scholar
• Hogg, Michael A. ‘A Social Identity Theory of Leadership.’ Personality and Social Psychology Review 5, no. 3 (2001): 184–200.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holsti, Kalevi Jaako. International Politics: A Framework for Analysis. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall, 1995.
   Google Scholar
• Hollander, Edwin P., and James W. Julian. ‘Contemporary Trends in the Analysis of Leadership Processes.’ In Leaders and the Leadership Process: Readings, Self-Assessments and Applications, edited by Jon L. Pierce, and John W. Newstrom. New York: McGraw Hill, 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Horowitz, Donald L. Ethnic Groups in Conflict. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2001.
   Google Scholar
• Hroch, Miroslav. ‘From National Movement to the Fully-Formed Nation: The Nation-Building Process in Europe.’ In Becoming National: A Reader, edited by Geoff Eley, and Ronald Grigor Suny. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996.
   Google Scholar
• Human Rights Council, Assessment mission by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights to improve human rights, accountability, reconciliation and capacity in South Sudan (10 March 2016), Report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Advance unedited version, A/HRC/31/49.
   Google Scholar
• Hutchinson, Sharon. ‘A Curse from God? Religious and political dimensions of the post-1991 rise of ethnic violence in South Sudan.’ The Journal of Modern African Studies 39, no. 2 (2001): 307–331.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hutchinson, Sharon, and Naomi Pendle. ‘Violence, legitimacy, and prophecy: Nuer struggles with uncertainty in South Sudan.’ American Ethnologist 42, no. 3 (2015): 415–430.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hutchinson, John, and Anthony D. Smith. Nationalism. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994.
   Google Scholar
• Idris, Amir. Conflict and Politics of Identity in Sudan. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005.
   Google Scholar
• International Crisis Group (ICG). ‘Sudan and South Sudan’s Merging Conflicts.’ Africa Report No. 223., 2015.
   Google Scholar
• Iyob, Ruth, and Gilbert M. Khadiagala. Sudan: The Elusive Quest for Peace. Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2006.
   Google Scholar
• Johnson, Douglas. The Root Causes of Sudan’s Civil Wars: Peace or Truce, Revised Edition. Suffolk: James Currey, 2013 E-book version. Available online: http://kcl.eblib.com/patron/FullRecord.aspx?p=1163179.
   Google Scholar
• Johnson, Hilde. Waging Peace in Sudan: The Inside Story of the Negotiatoins That Ended Africa’s Longest Civil War. Brighton: Sussex Academic Press, 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Johnson, Hilde. South Sudan: The Untold Story from Independence to Civil War. London: IB Tauris, 2016. Kindle e-Book. Available online: https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/B01I45QOWA/ref=oh_aui_d_detailpage_o07_?ie=UTF8&psc=1.
   Google Scholar
• Jok, Madut Jok, and Sharon Elaine Hutchinson. ‘Sudan’s Prolonged Second Civil War and the Militarisation of Nuer and Dinka Ethnic Identities.’ African Studies Review 42, no. 2 (1999): 125–145.
   Google Scholar
• Khalid, Mansour. War and Peace in Sudan: A Tale of Two Countries. London: Kegan Paul, 2003.
   Google Scholar
• Kindersley, Nicki, and Oystein H. Rolandsen. ‘Civil War on a Shoestring: Rebellion in South Sudan’s Equatoria Region.’ Civil Wars 19, no. 3 (2017): 308–324.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kisiangani, Emmanuel. ‘Reviewing options for peace in South Sudan,” East Africa Report, Institute for Security Studies, 1, (March), 2015.
   Google Scholar
• Laitin, David D. Nations, States, and Violence. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007.
   Google Scholar
• Miller, David. Citizenship and National Identity. Malden: Polity Press, 2000.
   Google Scholar
• Medani, Khalid Mustafa. ‘Strife and Secession in Sudan.’ Journal of Democracy 22, no. 3 (2011): 135–149.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moro, Leben Nelson. ‘CSOs/CBOs and faith-based organizations-led peace reconciliation efforts’ Policy Brief, December 12. The Sudd Institute, 2015.
   Google Scholar
• Mylonas, Harris. The Politics of Nation-Building: Making Co-Nationals, Refugees, and Minorities. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2012.
   Google Scholar
• Murphy, Albert J. ‘A Study of the Leadership Process.’ American Sociological Review 6, no. 5 (1941): 674–687.
   Google Scholar
• Nasong’o, Shadrack Wanjala and Godwin Rapando Murunga. ‘Lack of Consensus on Constitutive Fundamentals: Roots of the Sudanese Civil War and Prospects for Settlement.’ African and Asian Studies 4, no. 1-, (2005): 51–82.
   Google Scholar
• Natsios, Andrew S. Sudan, South Sudan, and Darfur: What Everyone Needs to Know. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012. E-book edition. Available online: http://kcl.eblib.com/patron/FullRecord.aspx?p=886569.
   Google Scholar
• Norman, Wayne. ‘Thinking through Nationalism,’ Negotiating Nationalism: Nation-Building, Federalism, and Secession in the Multinational State, Oxford Scholarship Online, 2006.
   Google Scholar
• Northouse, Peter G. Leadership: Theory & Practice. Seventh Edition. London: SAGE Publications, 2016.
   Google Scholar
• Novicki, Margaret A. ‘Interview: John Garang: A New Sudan,’ Africa Report, July-August, 43-47, 1989.
   Google Scholar
• The Observer. ‘South Sudan massacres reported.’ 17 October 1965.
   Google Scholar
• Oc, Burak, and Michael R. Bashshur. ‘Followership, leadership and social influence.’ The Leadership Quarterly 24 (2013): 919–934.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oduho, Joseph, and William Deng. The Problem of the Southern Sudan. London: Oxford University Press, 1963.
   Google Scholar
• Peele, Gillian. ‘Leadership and Politics: A Case for a Closer Relationship?’ Leadership 1, no. 2 (2005): 187–204.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pendle, Naomi. ‘Interrupting the balance: reconsidering the complexities of conflict in South Sudan.’ Disasters 38, no. 2 (2014): 227–248.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pendle, Naomi. ‘‘They Are Now Community Police’: Negotiating the Boundaries and Nature of theGovernment in South Sudan through the Identity of Militarised Cattle-keepers.’ International Journal on Minority and Group Rights 22, no. 3 (2015): 410–434.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pierce, Jon L., and John W. Newstrom. Leaders and the Leadership Process: Readings, Self-Assessments and Applications. New York: McGraw Hill, 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Poggo, Scopas S. The First Sudanese Civil War: Africans, Arabs, and Israelis in the Southern Sudan, 1955-1972. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009.
   Google Scholar
• Reeve, Richard. Peace and Conflict Assessment of South Sudan 2012, International Alert, 2012.
   Google Scholar
• Renan, Ernest. ‘Qu’est-ce qu’une nation?’ In Nationalism, edited by John Hutchinson, and Anthony D. Smith. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994.
   Google Scholar
• Rolandsen, Øystein H. Guerrilla Government: Political Changes in the Southern Sudan during the 1990s. Sweden: The Nordic Africa Institute, 2005.
   Google Scholar
• Rolandsen, Øystein H. ‘A quick fix? A retrospective analysis of the Sudan Comprehensive Peace Agreement.’ Review of African Political Economy 38, no. 130 (2011): 551–564.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rolandsen, Øystein. ‘Another civil war in South Sudan: the failure of Guerrilla Government?’ Journal of East African Studies 9, no. 1 (2015): 163–174.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SANU. ‘Southern Sudan Nationalist Movement and Call for African Unity: An Appeal to African Leaders.’ Retrieved from Sudan Open Archive: https://sudanarchive.net/cgi-bin/pagessoa?e=01off---v----100125--1-0-SectionLevel-0-0-1-1&a=d&cl=CL1.7.1.1&d=DwmrgdN13_20.
   Google Scholar
• Sawant, Ankush. ‘Ethnic Conflict in Sudan in Historical Perspective.’ International Studies 35, no. 343 (1998): 343–363.
   Google Scholar
• Schultz, Ulrike. ‘‘There it will be better … ’ Southern Sudanese in Khartoum imagining a new ‘home’ away from ‘home’.’ Identities: Global Studies in Culture and Power 21, no. 3 (2014): 305–319.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharkey, Heather J. ‘Arab Identity and Ideology in Sudan: the Politics of Language, Ethnicity and Race.’ African Affairs 107, no. 426 (2008): 21–43.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• South Sudan Resistance Movement. The Anya-Nya Struggle: Background and Objectives. Headquarters, South Sudan, Retrieved from Sudan Open Archive: https://sudanarchive.net/cgi-bin/pagessoa?e=01off---v----100125--1-0-SectionLevel-0-0-1-1&a=d&cl=CL1.4.1.1&d=Dpdrgd22_6.
   Google Scholar
• Smith, Anthony D. Nationalism and Modernism. London: Routledge, 1998.
   Google Scholar
• Stewart, Frances. ‘Horizontal Inequalities and conflict: An Introduction and some Hypotheses.’ In Horizontal Inequalities and Conflict: Understanding Group Violence in Multiethnic Societies, edited by Frances Stewart. Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008.
   Google Scholar
• Theron, Sonja. Understanding Peaceful and Violent Nation-building Through Leadership: A Case Study of South Sudan. Doctoral Thesis, University of Pretoria. Available Online: https://repository.up.ac.za/handle/2263/67917, 2018.
   Google Scholar
• Thomas, Edward. South Sudan: A Slow Liberation. London: Zed Books, 2015. Kindle e-book edition. Available online: https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/B00RVXT62W/ref=oh_aui_d_detailpage_o08_?ie=UTF8&psc=1.
   Google Scholar
• Ting, Helen. ‘Social Construction of Nation — A Theoretical Exploration.’ Nationalism and Ethnic Politics 14, no. 3 (2008): 453–382.
   Google Scholar
• United Nations (UN). ‘Statement to the Security Council by Adama Dieng, United Nations Special Adviser on the Prevention of Genocide, on his visit to South Sudan’, Press Release, 17 November, 2016.
   Google Scholar
• United Nations Mission in the Republic of South Sudan (UNMISS). ‘UNMISS Facts and Figures,’ 2016. Available online: http://www.un.org/en/peacekeeping/missions/unmiss/facts.shtml.
   Google Scholar
• United Nations Mission in the Republic of South Sudan (UNMISS). A Report on Violations and Abuses of International Human Rights Law and Violations of International Humanitarian Law in the Context of the Fighting in Juba, South Sudan, in July 2016. Jointly published by UNMISS and OHCHR, 2017.
   Google Scholar
• Van Leeuwen, Mathijs, Marlie Van de Kerkhof, and Yves Van Leynseele. ‘Transforming Land Governance and Strengthening the State in South Sudan.’ African Affairs 117, no. 467 (2018): 286–309.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weber, Max. Politics as Vocation. New York: Oxford University Press/Moulin Digital Editions, 2014.
   Google Scholar
• Weber, Max. ‘The Nation.’ In Nationalism, edited by John Hutchinson, and Anthony D. Smith. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994.
   Google Scholar
• Wilson, Jacqueline. Local Peace Processes in Sudan and South Sudan. Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace, 2014.
   Google Scholar
• Weilenmann, Hermann. ‘The Interlocking of Nation and Personality Structure.’ In Nation Building in Comparative Contexts, edited by Karl W. Deutsch, and William J. Fotz. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers, 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Young, John. ‘John Garang's Legacy to the Peace Process, the SPLM/A & the South.’ Review of African Political Economy, 32, no. 106 (2005) 535–548.
   Google Scholar
• Young, John. The Fate of Sudan: The Origins and Consequences of a Flawed Peace Process. London: Zed Books, 2012. Kindle e-book edition. Available online: https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/B00A76X0V8/ref=oh_aui_d_detailpage_o03_?ie=UTF8&psc=1.
   Google Scholar
• Zambakari, C. ‘Sudan and South Sudan: identity, citizenship, and democracy in plural societies.’ Citizenship Studies 19, no. 1 (2015) 69–82.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar