477
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Features

Green Eyes: the current role of intelligence in African counter-poaching

Bibliography

Annex A: Interviews

Articles and Reports

  • Ayling, Julie. ‘What Sustains Wildlife Crime? Rhino Horn Trading and the Resilience of Criminal Networks’. Journal of International Wildlife Law and Policy 16, no. 1 (2013): 57–80.
  • Bernard, H. R. Research Methods in Anthropology: Qualitative and Quantitative Methods. Walnut Creek, CA: Altamire Press, 2002, 680.
  • Board for Professional and Occupational Regulation. Study of the Utility and Validity of Voice Stress Analyzers. Department of Professional and Occupational Regulation, Richmond, Virginia, USA: State of Virginia, 2003.
  • Bullock, Karen. ‘Community, Intelligence-Led Policing and Crime Control’. Policing and Society 23, no. 2 (2013): 125–144.
  • Challender, Daniel W.S., and Douglas C MacMillan. ‘Poaching is More than an Enforcement Problem’. Conservation Letters 7, no. 5 (2014): 484–494.
  • Conway, A. J., T. M. Yule, and A. A. Verster. Anti-Poaching Training Manual. KwaZulu Natal Parks Board.
  • Cooney, Rosie, Dilys Roe, Holly Dublin, Jacob Phelps, David Wilkie, Aidan Keane, Henry Travers, et al. ‘From Poachers to Protectors: Engaging Local Communities in Solutions to Illegal Wildlife Trade’. Conservation Letters 10, no. 3 (2016): 367–374.
  • Crayne, Stephane, and Cathy Haenlein. ‘Poaching, Wildlife Trafficking and Conflict’. Whitehall Papers 86, no. 1 (2016): 38–57.
  • Critchlow, Rob, Andrew J. Plumptre, Bazil Alidria, Mustapha Nsubuga, Margaret Driciru, Aggrey Rwetsiba, F. Wanyama, and Colin M. Beale. ‘Improving Law-enforcement Effectiveness and Efficiency in Protected Areas Using Ranger-Collected Monitoring Data’. Conservation Letters 10, no. 5 (2016): 572–580.
  • Cumming, David H. M. Large Scale Conservation Planning and Priorities for the Kavango-Zambezi Transfrontier Conservation Area. Conservation International (internal document) (2008).
  • Cumming, David H. ‘Parks in Transition’. In Performance of Parks in a Century of Change. London: Routledge, 2004: 105–126.
  • Davies, Philip H. J. ‘Spies as Informants: Triangulation and Interpretation of Elite Interview Data in the Study of the Intelligence and Security Services’. Politics 21, no. 1 (2001): 73–80.
  • DemMars, William E. ‘Hazardous Partnership: NGOs and United States Intelligence in Small Wars’. International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence 14, no. 2 (2001): 193–222.
  • Department of Environmental Affairs. Rhino Issue Management Report. Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa: Government of South Africa, 2013.
  • D’Udine, Floris, and Robert Malpas. Murchison Falls National Park Recovery Program 2010–2017. Conservation Development Centre, 2017.
  • Duffy, Rosaleen. ‘War by Conservation’. Geoforum 69 (2015): 238–248.
  • Duffy, Rosaleen, Richard H. Emslie, and Michael H. Knight. Rhino Poaching: How do We Respond? ‘Evidence on Demand’ Publication, UK Department for International Development, 2013.
  • Duffy, Rosaleen, Freya A. V. St John, Bram Büscher, and Dan Brockington. ‘Toward a New Understanding of the Links between Poverty and Illegal Wildlife Hunting’. Conservation Biology 30, no. 1 (2016): 14–22.
  • Elkins, Aaron C., Judee Burgoon, and Jan Nunamaker. ‘Vocal Analysis for Security Screening: Validity and Deception Detection Potential’. Homeland Security Affairs 8 (2012): 1–4.
  • Endangered Rhino Trust. Rhino Security Booklet. Internal document, 2013, 35.
  • Epstein, R., and D. Welch. Secret SAS Squadron Sent to Spy in Africa. Sydney, Australia: Sydney Morning Herald, 13 March 2012.
  • Evans, Sean M. ‘Law Enforcement Intelligence: A Call for New Strategies and Tactics in Countering Criminal Insurgency’. Low Intensity Conflict and Law Enforcement 13, no. 3 (2005): 262–279.
  • Fahlman, Robert C. Elephant Crime Intelligence System Assessment. Consultant, Intelligence Systems, World Bank, Africa Region, 2015.
  • Gentry, John A. ‘Intelligence Learning and Adaption: Lessons from Counter-insurgency Wars’. Intelligence and National Security 25, no. 1 (2010): 50–75.
  • Gentry, John A. ‘Towards a Theory of Non-state Actors’ Intelligence’. Intelligence and National Security 31, no. 4 (2016): 465–489.
  • Gentry, John A., and David E Spencer. ‘Colombia’s FARC: A Portrait of Insurgent Intelligence’. Intelligence and National Security 25, no. 4 (2010): 453–478.
  • Greef, Jack. Anti Poaching Manual. Internal document, 7.
  • Gustafson, Kristian, Touko Sandstrom, and Luke Townsend. ‘The Bush War to Save the Rhino: Improving Counter-Poaching Through Intelligence’. Small Wars and Insurgencies 29, no. 2 (2018): 269–290.
  • Haddad, D., S. Walter, R. Ratley, and M. Smith. Investigation and Evaluation of Voice Stress Analysis Technology. Rome, NY, USA: US Department of Justice, 2002.
  • Harris, Don R. Basic Elements of Intelligence, Revised Edition – A Manual for Police Department Intelligence Units. Revised edition. Law Enforcement Assistance Administration, 1976.
  • Harvey, Ross. ‘Risks and Fallacies Associated with Promoting a Legalised Trade in Ivory’. Politikon 43, no. 2 (2016): 215–229.
  • Hass, T. C., and S. M. Ferreira. ‘Federated Databases and Actionable Intelligence: Using Social Network Analysis to Disrupt Transnational Wildlife Trafficking Criminal Networks’. Security Informatics 4, no. 2 (2015): 1–14.
  • Hartley, A. J., A. Nelson, P. Mayaux, and J. M. Gregoire. The Assessment of African Protected Areas. European Commission, Joint Research Center, 2007.
  • Heaton, Robert. ‘The Prospects for Intelligence-Led Policing: Some Historical and Quantitative Considerations’. Policing and Society 9, no. 4 (2000): 337–355.
  • Hedley, John H. ‘Learning From Intelligence Failures’. International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence 18, no. 3 (2007): 435–450.
  • Heuer, Richards J. Psychology of Intelligence Analysis. Langley, VA, USA: Center for the Study of Intelligence, Central Intelligence Agency, 1999.
  • Hoogenboom, Bob. ‘Grey Intelligence’. Crime Law Soc Change 45 (2006): 373–381.
  • Hübschle, Annette M. ‘The Social Economy of Rhino Poaching: Of Economic Freedom Fighters, Professional Hunters and Marginalized Local People’. Current Sociology 65, no. 3 (2017): 427–447.
  • Humphries, Jaspar, and Mark Shaw. ‘Militarised Responses to the Illegal Wildlife Trade’. In Militarised Responses to Transnational Organised Crime, ed. T. Reitano, S. Jesperson, and L. Bird Ruiz-Benitez de Lugo, 27. , London, UK: Palgrave Macmillan, 2018: 24–42.
  • Knapp, Eli J. ‘Why Poaching Pays: A Summary of Risks and Benefits Illegal Hunters Face in Western Serengeti, Tanzania’. Tropical Conservation Science 5, no. 4 (2012): 434–445.
  • Kyando, Moses, Dennis Ikanda, and Eivin Røskaft. ‘Hotspot Elephant Poaching Areas in the Eastern Selous Game Reserve, Tanzania’. African Journal of Ecology 55, no. 3 (2017): 365–371.
  • Lemieux, Andrew M., and Ronald V Clarke. ‘The International Ban on Ivory Sales and its Effects on Elephant Poaching in Africa’. The British Journal of Criminology 49, no. 4 (2009): 451–471.
  • Lotter, W. D., K. Roberts, R. Singh, K. Clark, R. de Kock, K. Steiner, D. Mander, M. Khadka, and J. Guerrero. Anti-Poaching in and Around Protected Areas: Training Guidelines for Field Rangers. Arusha, Tanzania: Best Practice Protected Area Guidelines, 2016, 64.
  • Maguire, Mike. ‘Policing by Risks and Targets: Some Dimensions and Implications of Intelligence-Led Crime Control’. Policing and Society 9, no. 4 (2000): 315–336.
  • Marijnen, Esther, and Judith Verwijen. ‘Selling Green Militarization: The Discursive (Re)Production of Militarized Conservation in the Virunga National Park, Democratic Republic of the Congo’. Geoforum 75 (2016): 274–285.
  • Massé, F., and E. Lunstrum. ‘Accumulation by Securitization: Commercial Poaching, Neoliberal Conservation, and the Creation of New Wildlife Frontiers’. Geoforum 69 (2015): 227–237.
  • Matey, Gustavo Diaz. ‘The Use of Intelligence in the Private Sector’. International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence 26, no. 2 (2013): 272–287.
  • Mercado, Stephen C. ‘Sailing the Sea of OSINT in the Information Age’. Journal of the American Intelligence Professional 48, no. 3 (2004): 78–80.
  • Messer, Ken. ‘The Poacher’s Dilemma: Economics of Poaching and Enforcement’. Endangered Species Update 17, no. 3 (2000): 50–56.
  • Moreto, William D. ‘Introducing Intelligence-Led Conservation: Bridging Crime and Conservation Science’. Crime Science 4, no. 15 (2015): 1–11.
  • Nahonyo, C. L. ‘Assessment of Anti-poaching Efforts in Ruaha National Park, Tanzania’. Tanzania Journal of Science 31, no. 2 (2009): 13–21.
  • Newmark, William D. ‘Isolation of African Protected Areas’. Front Ecol Environ 6, no. 6 (2008): 321–328.
  • Ngoc, Anh Cao, and Wyatt Tanya. ‘A Green Criminological Exploration of Illegal Wildlife Trade in Vietnam’. Asian Criminology 8 (2013): 129–142.
  • Rosen, Gail E., and Katherine F Smith. ‘Summarizing the Evidence on the International Trade in Illegal Wildlife’. EcoHealth 7 (2010): 24–32.
  • Schneider, Stephen R. ‘The Criminal Intelligence Function: Toward a Comprehensive and Normative Model’. IALEIA Journal 9, no. 2 (1995): 403–427.
  • Schneider, Jacqueline L. ‘Reducing the Illicit Trade in Endangered Wildlife – The Market Reduction Approach’. Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice 24, no. 3 (2008): 274–295.
  • Shepard, Chris R., Thomas N.E. Gray, and Vincent Nijman. ‘Rhinoceros Horns in Trade on the Myanmar-China Border’. ORYX 52, no. 2 (2016): 393–395.
  • South, Nigel, and Tanya Wyatt. ‘Comparing Illicit Trades in Wildlife and Drugs: An Exploratory Study’. Deviant Behaviour 32, no. 6 (2011): 538–561.
  • Stouder, Michael D., and Scott Gallagher. ‘Crafting Operational Counter Intelligence Strategy: A Guide for Managers’. International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence 26, no. 3 (2013): 583–596.
  • Van Niekerk, Francois. ‘Counter Wildlife Crime Manual’. Raid Tactical (2013): 1–459.
  • Van Niekerk, Francois. ‘Informants and Cultivated Sources’. Raid Tactical (2015): 1–91.
  • Warchol, Greg L. ‘The Transnational Illegal Wildlife Trade’. Criminal Justice Studies 17, no. 1 (2004): 57–73.
  • Warchol, Greg L., Linda L. Zupan, and Willie Clack. ‘Transnational Criminality: An Analysis of the Illegal Wildlife Market in Southern Africa’. International Criminal Justice Review 13 (2003): 1–27.
  • Wilke, David S., Julia F. Carpenter, and Quanfa Zhang. ‘The Under-financing of Protected Areas in the Congo Basin: So Many Parks and so Little Willingness-to-pay’. Biodiversity and Conservation 10, no. 5 (2001): 691–709.
  • Wittig, Tim. ‘Poaching, Wildlife Trafficking and Organised Crime’. Whitehall Papers 86, no. 1 (2016): 77–101.
  • Yeo, Lydia M., Rachel S. McCrea, and David L. Roberts. ‘A Novel Application of Mark-recapture to Examine Behaviour Associated with the Online Trade in Elephant Ivory’. Peer J 5 (2017): 0–0: e3048.
  • Young, Rory, and Yakov Alekseyev. A Field Manual For Anti-poaching Activities. London, UK: African Lion & Environmental Research Trust, 2014, 38.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.