A finite element evaluation of the moment arm hypothesis for altered vertebral shear failure force

References

• AkahoshiS, SakaiA, AritaS, IkedaS, MorishitaY, TsutsumiH, ItoM, ShiraishiA, NakamuraT. 2005. Modulation of bone turnover by alfacalcidol and/or alendronate does not prevent glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis in growing minipigs. J Bone Miner Metab.23(5):341–350.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AzizHN, GalbuseraF, BelliniCM, MineoGV, AddisA, PietrabissaR, Brayda-BrunoM. 2008. Porcine models in spinal research: calibration and comparative finite element analysis of various configurations during flexion–extension. Comp Med.58(2):174–179.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BayraktarHH, MorganEF, NieurGL, MorrisGE, WongEK, KeavenyTM. 2004. Comparison of the elastic and yield properties of human femoral trabecular and cortical bone tissue. J Biomech.37(1):27–35.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BeadonK, JohnstonJD, SiggersK, ItshayekE, CriptonPA. 2008. A repeatable ex vivo model of spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis. Spine. 33(22):2387–2393.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CallaghanJP, McGillSM. 2001. Intervertebral disc herniation: studies on a porcine model exposed to highly repetitive flexion/extension motion with compressive force. Clin Biomech.16(1):28–37.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ChosaE, TotoribeK, TajimaN. 2004. A biomechanical study of lumbar spondylolysis based on a three-dimensional finite element method. J Orthop Res.22(1):158–163.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CookDJ, ChengBC. 2010. Development of a model based method for investigating facet articulation. J Biomech Eng.132(6):064504.
   Google Scholar
• Cripton PA, Berleman U, Visarius H, Begeman PC, Nolte LP, Prasad P. 1995. Response of the lumbar spine due to shear loading. Proceeding of the Centers for Disease Control on Injury Prevention through Biomechanics, Detroit, MI. p. 111–126.
   Google Scholar
• CyronBM, HuttonWC. 1978. The fatigue strength of the lumbar neural arch in spondylolysis. J Bone Joint Surg Br.60-B(2):234–238.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CyronBM, HuttonWC, TroupJD. 1976. Spondylolytic fractures. J Bone Joint Surg Br.58-B(4):462–466.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DrakeJD, DobsonH, CallaghanJP. 2008. The influence of posture and loading on interfacet spacing: an investigation using magnetic resonance imaging on porcine spinal units. Spine. 33(20):E728–E734.
   Google Scholar
• DunlopRB, AdamsMA, HuttonWC. 1984. Disc space narrowing and the lumbar facet joints. J Bone Joint Surg Br.66-B(5):706–710.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El-RichM, VillemureI, LabelleH, AubinCE. 2009. Mechanical loading effects on isthmic spondylolytic lumbar segment: finite element modeling using a personalised geometry. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Eng.12(1):13–23.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GallagherKM, HowarthSJ, CallaghanJP. 2010. Effects of anterior shear displacement rate on the structural properties of the porcine cervical spine. J Biomech Eng.132(9):091004.
   Google Scholar
• GoelVK, KongW, HanJS, WeinsteinJN, GilbertsonLG. 1993. A combined finite element and optimization investigation of lumbar spine mechanics with and without muscles. Spine.18(11):1531–1541.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HowarthSJ. 2011. Mechanical response of the porcine cervical spine to acute and repetitive anterior/posterior shear. [Ph.D. Thesis]Waterloo (ON): University of Waterloo.
   Google Scholar
• HowarthSJ, CallaghanJP. 2012. Compressive force magnitude and intervertebral joint flexion/extension angle influence shear failure force magnitude in the porcine cervical spine. J Biomech.45(3):484–490.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HussainM, NatarajanRN, AnHS, AnderssonGBJ. 2010. Motion changes in adjacent segments due to moderate and severe degeneration in C5–C6 disc – a poroelastic C3-T1 finite element model study. Spine. 35(9):939–947.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• IatridisJC, SettonLA, WeidenbaumM, MowVC. 1997. The viscoelastic behavior of the non-degenerate human lumbar nucleus pulposus in shear. J Biomech.30(10):1005–1013.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KatoN, KoshinoT, SaitoT, TakeuchiR. 1998. Estimation of Young's modulus in swine cortical bone using quantitative computed tomography. Bull Hosp Jt Disord NY. 57(4):183–186.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• KumaresanS, YoganandanN, PintarFA. 1999. Finite element analysis of the cervical spine: a material property sensitivity study. Clin Biomech.14(1):41–53.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LeeKK, TeoEC. 2005. Material sensitivity study on lumbar motion segment (L2–L3) under sagittal plane loadings using probabilistic method. J Spinal Disord Tech.18(2):163–170.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LorenzM, PatwardhanA, VanderbyR. 1983. Load-bearing characteristics of lumbar facets in normal and surgically altered spinal segments. Spine. 8(2):122–130.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MorganEF, KeavenyTM. 2001. Dependence of yield strain of human trabecular boen on anatomic site. J Biomech.34(5):569–577.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MorganEF, YehOC, ChangWC, KeavenyTM. 2001. Nonlinear behavior of trabecular bone at small strains. J Biomech Eng.123(1):1–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• OxlandTR, PanjabiMM, SouthernEP, DuranceauJS. 1991. An anatomic basis for spinal instability: a porcine trauma model. J Orthop Res.9(3):452–462.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ParkinsonRJ, DurkinJL, CallaghanJP. 2005. Estimating the compressive strength of the porcine cervical spine: an examination of the utility of DXA. Spine. 30(17):E492–E498.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SharmaM, LangranaNA, RodriguezJ. 1995. Role of ligaments and facets in lumbar spinal stability. Spine. 20(8):887–900.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• StokesIAF, LaibleJP, Gardner-MorseMG, CostiJJ, IatridisJC. 2011. Refinement of elastic, poroelastic, and osmotic tissue properties of intervertebral disks to analyze behavior in compression. Ann Biomed Eng.39(1):122–131.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TeoJCM, Si-HoeKM, KehJEL, TeohSH. 2006. Relationship between CT intensity, micro-architecture and mechanical properties of porcine vertebral cancellous bone. Clin Biomech. 21(3):235–244.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TeraiT, SairyoK, GoelVK, EbraheimN, BiyaniA, FaizanA, SakaiT, YasuiN. 2010. Spondylolysis originates in the ventral aspect of the pars interarticularis: a clinical and biomechanical study. J Bone Joint Surg Br.92-B(8):1123–1127.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van DieënJH, van der VeenA, van RoyenBJ, KingmaI. 2006. Fatigue failure in shear loading of porcine lumbar spine segments. Spine. 31(15):E494–E498.
   Google Scholar
• WangJP, ZhongZC, ChengCK, ChenCS, YuCH, ChangTK, WeiSH. 2006. Finite element analysis of the spondylolysis in lumbar spine. Biomed Mater Eng.16:301–308.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WhyneCM, HuSS, LotzJC. 2003. Burst fracture in the metastatically involved spine: development, validation, and parametric analysis of a three-dimensional poroelastic finite element model. Spine. 28(7):652–660.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• YinglingVR, CallaghanJP, McGillSM. 1999. The porcine cervical spine as a model of the human lumbar spine: an anatomical, geometric, and functional comparison. J Spinal Disord.12(5):415–423.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• YinglingVR, McGillSM. 1999. Anterior shear of spinal motion segments. Kinematics, kinetics, and resultant injuries observed in a porcine model. Spine. 24(18):1882–1889.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar