Measurements of natural radionuclide levels and hazards in the Lega Dembi gold mine, Oromia, Ethiopia

References

• UNSCEAR. Sources and effects of ionizing radiation. Report to the General Assembly with scientific annexes. New York (NY): United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation; 2000. p. 453–487.
   Google Scholar
• Singh J, Singh H, Singh S, et al. Comparative study of natural radioactivity levels in soil samples from the Upper Siwaliks and Punjab, India using gamma-ray spectrometry. J Environ Radioact. 2009;100(1):94–98. doi:10.1016/j.jenvrad.2008.09.011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Omosehinmi DE, Arogunjo AM. Characterization of dose rates and its internal fluctuation using frequency distribution function of background radiation data. J Appl Math Phys. 2016;4(1):16–20. doi:10.4236/jamp.2016.41003
   Google Scholar
• Ibeanu IGE. Tin mining and processing in Nigeria: cause for concern? J Environ Radioact. 2003;64(1):59–66. doi:10.1016/S0265-931X(02)00058-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Usikalu MRO, Anoka C, Balogun FA. Radioactivity measurements of the Jos Tin mine tailing in Northern Nigeria. Arch Phys Res. 2011;2(2):80–86.
   Google Scholar
• Pontedeiro E, Heilbron P, Cotta RM. Assessment of the mineral industry norm/tenorm disposal in hazardous landfills. J Hazard Mater. 2007;139(3):563–568. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.02.063
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aliyu A, Ibrahim U, Akpa CT, et al. Health and ecological hazards due to natural radioactivity in soil from mining areas of Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Isot Environ Health Stud. 2015;51(3):448–468. doi:10.1080/10256016.2015.1026339
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Isinkaye MO. Natural radioactivity levels and the radiological health implications of tailing enriched soil and sediment samples around two mining sites in Southwest Nigeria. Radiat Prot Environ. 2013;36(3):122. doi:10.4103/0972-0464.137477
   Google Scholar
• Barescut J, Lariviere D, Stocki T, et al. Occupational radiation risk caused by NORM in coal mining industry. Radioprotection. 2011;46(6):S669–S674. doi:10.1051/radiopro/20116735s
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Innocent AO, Jonah S. Evaluation of naturally occurring radionuclide materials in soil samples collected from some mining sites in Zamfara state, Nigeria. Br J Appl Sci Technol. 2013;3(4):684–692. doi:10.9734/BJAST/2013/3244
   Google Scholar
• ICRP. Radiological protection of the worker in medicine and dentistry. International Commission on Radiological Protection; 1989. (ICRP Publication; 57. Annals of the ICRP; 20(3))
   Google Scholar
• Carvalho FP, Tufa MB, Oliveira JM, et al. Radionuclides and radiation exposure in tantalite mining, Ethiopia. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 2021;81(4):648–659. doi:10.1007/s00244-021-00858-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adelikhah M, Shahrokhi A, Imani M, et al. Radiological assessment of indoor radon and thoron concentrations and indoor radon map of dwellings in mashhad. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(1):141. doi:10.3390/ijerph18010141
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Legasu ML, Chaubey A. Determination of dose derived from building materials and radiological health-related effects from the indoor environment of Dessie city, Wollo, Ethiopia. Heliyon. 2022;8(3):e09066. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09066
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Esan DT, Sridhar MKC, Obed R. Measurement of natural radioactivity and assessment of radiological hazard indices of soil over the lithologic units in the Ile-Ife area, south-west Nigeria. Environ Health Insights. 2022;16:11786302221100041.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanfi MY, Masoud MS, Ambrosino F, et al. Natural radiological characterization at the gabal el seila region (Egypt). Appl Radiat Isot. 2021;173:109705. doi:10.1016/j.apradiso.2021.109705
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pradeep A, Geremew H, Getachew B. Natural radioactivity levels in water and soil at kemessie hot spring, north-eastern Ethiopia. Radiat Sci Technol. 2016;2(1):1–5.
   Google Scholar
• Dawd JE, Bamford S, Darko E. Estimation of external gamma dose and annual effective dose of norms from mining activities of Kenticha tantalum mines in Ethiopia. Glob Sci J. 2019;7:6–8.
   Google Scholar
• Kazmin V, Shifferaw A, Balcha T. The Ethiopian basement: stratigraphy and possible manner of evolution. Geol Rundsch. 1978;67(2):531–546. doi:10.1007/BF01802803
   Google Scholar
• Worku H, Schandelmeier H. Tectonic evolution of the Neoproterozoic Adola Belt of southern Ethiopia: evidence for a Wilson Cycle process and implications for oblique plate collision. Precambrian Res. 1996;77(3–4):179–210. doi:10.1016/0301-9268(95)00054-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Veiga R, Sanches N, Anjos RM, et al. Measurement of natural radioactivity in Brazilian beach sands. Radiat Meas. 2006;41(2):189–196. doi:10.1016/j.radmeas.2005.05.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ICRP. The 2007 Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection. International Commission on Radiological Protection; 2007. (ICRP Publication; 103. Annals of the ICRP; 37(2–4))
   Google Scholar
• Salmani-Ghabeshi S, Palomo MR, Bernalte E, et al. Spatial gradient of human health risk from exposure to trace elements and radioactive pollutants in soils at the Puchuncaví-Ventanas industrial complex, Chile. Environ Pollut. 2016;218:322–330. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2016.07.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al-Sulaiti H, Alkhomashi N, Al-Dahan N, et al. Determination of the natural radioactivity in Gatarian building materials using high-resolution gamma-ray spectrometry. Nucl Instrum Methods Phys Res Sect A. 2011;652(1):915–919. doi:10.1016/j.nima.2011.01.020
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abd El N. Studying of naturally occurring radionuclides for some environmental samples and its hazardous effects [dissertation]. Fayoum University; Cairo: Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority; 2014.
   Google Scholar
• Beretka J, Matthew P. Natural radioactivity of Australian building materials, industrial wastes and by-products. Health Phys. 1985;48(1):87–95. doi:10.1097/00004032-198501000-00007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alzubaidi G, Hamid F, Abdul Rahman I. Assessment of natural radioactivity levels and radiation hazards in agricultural and virgin soil in the state of Kedah, North of Malaysia. Scientific World J. 2016;2016:6178103. doi:10.1155/2016/6178103
   Google Scholar
• Sheppard S, Evenden W. The assumption of linearity in soil and plant concentration ratios: an experimental evaluation. J Environ Radioact. 1988;7(3):221–247. doi:10.1016/0265-931X(88)90030-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• UNSCEAR. Sources, effects and risks of ionizing radiation. Report to the General Assembly, with annexes. New York (NY): United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation; 1988. p. 565–571.
   Google Scholar
• EC. Radiological protection principles concerning the natural radioactivity of building materials. European Commission: Directorate-General for Environment, Nuclear Safety and Civil Protection; 1999. (Radiation protection; 112)
   Google Scholar
• Osman R, Yehia H, Dawood AM, et al. Distributions and risk assessment of the natural radionuclides in the soil of Shoubra El Kheima, South Nile Delta, Egypt. Atmosphere (Basel). 2022;13(1):98. doi:10.3390/atmos13010098
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar A, Kumar S, Singh J, et al. Assessment of natural radioactivity levels and associated dose rates in soil samples from historical city Panipat, India. J Radiat Res Appl Sci. 2017;10(3):283–288.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gyuk PM, Habila SS, Dogara MD, et al. Determination of radioactivity levels in soil samples at Chikun environment of Kaduna metropolis using gamma ray spectrometry. Sci World J. 2017;12(2):52–55.
   Google Scholar
• Ademola AK, Bello AK, Adejumobi AC. Determination of natural radioactivity and hazard in soil samples in and around gold mining area in Itagunmodi, Southwestern Nigeria. J Radiat Res Appl Sci. 2014;7(3):249–255.
   Google Scholar
• Aguko W, Kinyua R, Ongeri R. Radiation exposure levels associated with gold mining in Sakwa Wagusu area, Bondo district, Kenya. J Phys Sci Innov. 2013;5(1):59–65.
   Google Scholar
• Mbet AA, Ibrahim U, Shekwonyadu I. Assessment of radiological risk from the soils of artisanal mining areas of Anka, northwest Nigeria. Afr J Environ Sci Technol. 2019;13(8):303–309. doi:10.5897/AJEST2019.2691
   Google Scholar
• Girigisu S, Ibeanu IGE, Adeyemo DJ, et al. Assessment of radiological levels in soils from artisanal gold mining exercises at Awwal, Kebbi State, Nigeria. Res J Appl Sci Eng Technol. 2014;7(14):2899–2904. doi:10.19026/rjaset.7.618
   Google Scholar
• Rao N, Bhati SS, Rama Seshu P, et al. Natural radioactivity in soil and radiation levels of Rajasthan. Radiat Prot Dosim. 1996;63(3):207–216. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.rpd.a031531
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blanchard DG, Louis NE, Emmanuel NNIJ, et al. NORM measurements and radiological hazard assessment in the gold mining areas of Eastern Cameroon. Radiat Environ Med. 2017;6(1):22–28.
   Google Scholar
• Cevi U, Damla N, Koz B, et al. Radiological characterization around the Afsin-Elbistan coal-fired power plant in Turkey. Energy Fuels. 2008;22(1):428–432. doi:10.1021/ef700374u
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Svoukis E, Tsertos H. Indoor and outdoor in situ high-resolution gamma radiation measurements in urban areas of Cyprus. Radiat Prot Dosim. 2007;123(3):384–390. doi:10.1093/rpd/ncl159
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Legasu ML, Chaubey AK. Evaluation of natural radioactivity level in Delanta-Dawunt, Wollo district, Ethiopia. Int J Environ Anal Chem. 2021:1–14. doi:10.1080/03067319.2021.2011257
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kamunda C, Mathuthu M, Madhuku M. An assessment of radiological hazards from gold mine tailings in the province of Gauteng in South Africa. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2016;13(1):138. doi:10.3390/ijerph13010138
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Faanu A, Darko E, Ephraim J. Determination of natural radioactivity and hazard in soil and rock samples in a mining area in Ghana. West Afr J Appl Ecol. 2011;19(1):77–92.
   Google Scholar