Seeing War as Criminal: Peace Activist Views and Critical Criminology

References

• Amnesty International . 2006 . United States of America annual report, 2005 Retrieved May 25, 2006, from http://web.amnesty.org/report2006/usa-summary-eng
   Google Scholar
• Arrigo , B. 2001 . Critical criminology, existential humanism, and social justice: Exploring the contours of conceptual integration . Critical Criminology , 10 : 83 – 95 .
   Google Scholar
• Barak , G. 1991 . Crimes by the capitalist state: An introduction to state criminality , Albany, NY : State University of New York Press .
   Google Scholar
• Barak , G. 1994 . Media, process, and the social construction of crime: Studies in newsmaking criminology , New York : Garland .
   Google Scholar
• Barak , G. 2003 . Revisionist history, visionary criminology, and needs‐based justice . Contemporary Justice Review , 6 : 217 – 225 .
   Google Scholar
• Bohm , R. M. 1993 . “ Social relationships that arguably should be criminal although they are not: On the political economy of crime ” . In Political crime in contemporary America , Edited by: Tunnell , K. 3 – 33 . New York : Garland .
   Google Scholar
• Chambliss , W. J. and Seidman , R. 1982 . Law, order, and power , (2nd ed.) , Reading, MA : Addison‐Wesley .
   Google Scholar
• Chatfield , C. 1992 . The American peace movement: Ideals and activism , New York : Twayne Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Douglas , J. D. 1985 . Creative interviewing , Beverly Hills, CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Downton , J. and Wehr , P. 1997 . The persistent activist: How peace commitment develops and survives , Boulder, CO : Westview Press .
   Google Scholar
• Friedrichs , D. O. 2000 . The crime of the century? The case for the holocaust . Crime, Law, and Social Change , 34 : 21 – 41 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Green , P. and Ward , T. 2000 . State crime, human rights, and the limits of criminology . Social Justice , 27 : 101 – 120 .
   Google Scholar
• Green , P. and Ward , T. 2004 . State crime: Governments, violence, and corruption , London : Pluto Press .
   Google Scholar
• Henry , S. and Lanier , M. 2001 . What is crime? Controversies about the nature of crime and what to do about it , Lanham, MD : Rowman & Littlefield .
   Google Scholar
• Hillyard , P. and Tombs , S. 2005 . “ Beyond criminology? ” . In Criminal obsessions: Why harm matters more than crime , Edited by: Hillyard , P. , Pantazis , C. , Tombs , S. , Gordon , D. and Dorling , D. 5 – 22 . London : Crime and Society Foundation .
   Google Scholar
• International Committee of the Red Cross. 2006a . Iraq: ICRC activities in 2005 Retrieved May 25, 2006, from http://www.icrc.org/web/eng/siteeng0.nsf/iwplist322/dc79f3d1ed6816e441257111 00588610
   Google Scholar
• International Committee of the Red Cross. 2006b . The ICRC in Iraq Retrieved May 25, 2006, from http://www.icrc.org/web/eng/siteeng0.nsf/htmlall/iraq?opendocument
   Google Scholar
• Kauzlarich , D. , Kramer , R. C. and Smith , B. 1992 . Toward the study of governmental crime: Nuclear weapons, foreign intervention, and international law . Humanity and Society , 16 : 543 – 563 .
   Google Scholar
• Kauzlarich , D. and Matthews , R. A. . Lakoff’s framing theory and teaching about the war on Iraq . Paper presented at the American Society of Criminology Meetings . Toronto, Canada. November ,
   Google Scholar
• Kauzlarich , D. , Mullins , C. W. and Matthews , R. A. 2003 . A complicity continuum of state crime . Contemporary Justice Review , 6 : 241 – 254 .
   Google Scholar
• Kramer , R. C. and Kauzlarich , D. 1999 . The International Court of Justice opinion on the illegality of the threat and use of nuclear weapons: Implications for criminology . Contemporary Justice Review , 4 : 395 – 413 .
   Google Scholar
• Kramer , R. C. and Michalowski , R. J. 2005 . War, aggression, and state crime: A criminological analysis of the invasion and occupation of Iraq . British Journal of Criminology , 45 : 446 – 469 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kramer , R. C. , Michalowski , R. J. and Kauzlarich , D. 2002 . The origins and development of the concept and theory of state‐corporate crime . Crime and Delinquency , 48 : 263 – 282 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kramer , R. C. , Michalowski , R. J. and Rothe , D. 2005 . The supreme international crime: How the U.S. war in Iraq threatens the rule of law . Social Justice , 32 : 52 – 81 .
   Google Scholar
• Lakoff , G. 2002 . Moral politics: How liberals and conservatives think , Chicago : University of Chicago Press .
   Google Scholar
• Lakoff , G. 2004 . Don’t think of an elephant! , White River Junction, VT : Chelsea Green Publishing .
   Google Scholar
• Lock , S. 1999 . Crime, public opinion, and civil liberties , Westport, CN : Praeger .
   Google Scholar
• Lynch , M. J. and Michalowski , R. J. 2006 . The new primer in radical criminology: Critical perspectives on crime, power, and identity , (4th ed.) , Monsey, NY : Criminal Justice Press .
   Google Scholar
• Michalowski , R. J. 1985 . Order, law, and crime , New York : Random House .
   Google Scholar
• Milovanovic , D. and Henry , S. 2001 . “ Constitutive definition of crime: Power as harm ” . In What is crime? Controversies about the nature of crime and what to do about it , Edited by: Henry , S. and Lanier , M. 165 – 178 . Lanham, MD : Rowman & Littlefield .
   Google Scholar
• Mullins , C. W. , Kauzlarich , D. and Rothe , D. 2004 . The International Criminal Court and the control of state crime: Problems and prospects . Critical Criminology: An International Journal , 12 : 285 – 308 .
   Google Scholar
• Nicaragua v. The United States . 1986 . Military and paramilitary activities in and against Nicaragua (Nicar. v. U.S.), Jurisdiction and Admissibility, 1984 ICJ REP. 392 June 27, 1986
   Google Scholar
• Quinney , R. 1977 . Class, state, and crime , London : Longman Group .
   Google Scholar
• Rebovich , D. J. and Layne , L. 2000 . The national public survey on white‐collar crime , Morgantown, WV : National White Collar Crime Center .
   Google Scholar
• Reiman , J. 2005 . The rich get richer and the poor get prison: Ideology, class, and criminal justice , (7th ed.) , Boston, MA : Allyn & Bacon .
   Google Scholar
• Roberts , L. , Lafta , R. , Garfield , R. , Khudhairi , J. and Burnham , G. 2004 . Mortality before and after the 2003 invasion of Iraq: Cluster sample survey . The Lancet , 364 (9445) : 1 – 10 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ross , J. I. 2000a . Controlling state crime , New Brunswick, NJ : Transaction Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Ross , J. I. 2000b . Varieties of state crime and its control , Monsey, NY : Criminal Justice Press .
   Google Scholar
• Rothe , D. and Mullins , C. W. 2006 . Symbolic gestures and the generation of global social control: The International Criminal Court , Boston, MA : Lexington .
   Google Scholar
• Russell , S. 2005 . Since September 11, all roads lead to Rome . Critical Criminology , 13 (1) : 37 – 53 .
   Google Scholar
• Sarrica , M. and Contarello , A. 2004 . Peace, war, and conflict: Social representations shared by peace activists and non‐activists . Journal of Peace Research , 41 : 549 – 568 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwendinger , H. and Schwendinger , J. 1970 . Defenders of order or guardians of human rights? . Issues in Criminology , 5 (2) : 123 – 157 .
   Google Scholar
• Seidman , I. 1998 . Interviewing as qualitative research , New York : Teacher’s College Press .
   Google Scholar
• Tifft , L. 1995 . A social harms definition of crime . The Critical Criminologist , 6 : 9 – 13 .
   Google Scholar
• Tifft , L. and Sullivan , D. 1980 . The struggle to be human: Crime, criminology, and anarchism , Sanday, , UK : Cienfuegos Press .
   Google Scholar
• Tifft , L. and Sullivan , D. 2001 . “ A needs‐based, social harms definition of crime ” . In What is crime? Controversies about the nature of crime and what to do about it , Edited by: Henry , S. and Lanier , M. 179 – 203 . Lanham, MD : Rowman & Littlefield .
   Google Scholar
• Tifft , L. and Sullivan , D. 2006 . “ Needs‐based anarchist criminology ” . In Thee essential criminology reader , Edited by: Henry , S. and Lanier , M. 259 – 277 . Boston, MD : Rowman & Littlefield .
   Google Scholar
• United Nations . 2006 . The United Nations charter Retrieved May 25, 2006, from http://www.un.org/aboutun/charter/
   Google Scholar
• United States Department of Defense . 2006 . OIF/OEF casualty update Retrieved May 25, 2006, from http://www.defenselink.mil/news/casualty.pdf
   Google Scholar