Is vagal stimulation or inhibition benefit on the regulation of the stomach brain axis in obesity?

References

• Imatake K, Matsui T, Moriyama M. The effect and mechanism of action of capsaicin on gastric acid output. J Gastroenterol. 2009;44(5):396–404.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brunicardi FC, Shavelle D, Andersen D. Neural regulation of the endocrine pancreas. Int J Pancreatol. 1995;18(3):177–95.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bailey P, Bremer FA. Sensory cortical representation of the vagus nerve. J. Neurophysiol. 1938;1:405–412.
   Google Scholar
• Zabara J. Peripheral control of hypersynchronous discharge inepilepsy. Electroencephalography. 1985;61:162.
   Google Scholar
• Ogbonnaya S. Chandrasekaran kaliaperumal vagal nerve stimulator: Evolving trends. Journal of Natural Science. Biology and Medicine. 2013;4:8–13.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Camilleri M, Toouli J, Herrera MF, et al. Intra-abdominal vagal blocking (VBLOC therapy): clinical results with a new implantable medical device. Surgery. 2008;143:723–31.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shikora SA, Bergenstal R, Bessler M, et al. Implantable gastric stimulation for the treatment of clinically severe obesity: results of the SHAPE trial. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2009;5:31–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sobocki J, Krolczyk G, HermanRM MA, Thor PJ. Influence of vagal nerve stimulation on food intake and body weight. results of experimental studies. J Physiol Pharmacol. 2005;56:27–33.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Val-Laillet D, Biraben A, Randuineau G, Malbert CH. Chronic vagus nerve stimulation decreased weight gain, food consumption andsweet craving in adult obese minipigs. Appetite. 2010;55(2):245–52.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laskiewicz J, Królczyk G, Zurowski G, Sobocki J, Matyja A, Thor PJ. Effects of vagal neuromodulation and vagotomy on control of food intake and body weight in rats. J Physiol Pharmacol. 2003;54(4):603–610.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sergeev VG, Akmaev IG. Effects of vagotomy and bacterial lipopolysaccharide on food intake and expression of cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA in rat brain vessels. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2000;129(6):553–555.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Furness JB, Koopmans HS, Robbins HL, Clerc N, Tobin JM, Morris MJ. Effects of vagal andsplanchnic section on food intake, weight, serum leptin and hypothalamic neuropeptide Y in rat. Autonom Neurosci Basic Clin. 2001;92:28–36.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bekar E, Altunkaynak BZ, Balcı K, Aslan G, Ayyıldız M, Kaplan S. Effects of high fat diet induced obesity on peripheral nerve regeneration and levels of GAP 43 and TGF-β in rats. Biotech Histochem. 2014;89(6):446–56.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alkan I, Altunkaynak BZ, Altun G, Erener E. The investigation of the effects of topiramate on the hypothalamic levels of fat mass/obesity-associated protein and neuropeptide Y in obese female rats. 2017; 15:1-10.
   Google Scholar
• Altunkaynak BZ, Onger MÖ, AltunkaynakME AE, Canan S. A Brief introduction to stereology and sampling strategies: Basic concepts of stereology. NeuroQuantology. 2012;10(1):31–43.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koç G E, Kaplan S, Altun G, Gümüş H, Gülsüm Deniz Ö, Aydin I, et al. Neuroprotective effects of melatonin and omega-3 on hippocampal cells prenatally exposed to 900 MHz electromagnetic fields. Int J Radiat Biol. 2016 Oct;92(10):590–595.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ulubay M, Yahyazadeh A, Deniz ÖG, Kıvrak EG, Altunkaynak BZ, Erdem G, Kaplan S. Effects of prenatal 900 MHz electromagnetic field exposures on the histology of rat kidney. Int. J. Radiat. Biol. 2015;91:35–41.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ayrancı E, Altunkaynak BZ, Aktaş A, Rağbetli MÇ, Kaplan S. Prenatal exposure of diclofenac sodium affects morphology but not axon number of the median nerve of rats. Folia Neuropathol. 2013;51(1):76–86.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kiki I, Altunkaynak BZ, Altunkaynak ME, Vuraler O, Unal D, Kaplan S. Effect of high fat diet on the volume of liver and quantitative feature of Kupffer cells in the female rat: a stereological and ultrastructural study. Obes Surg. 2007;17(10):1381–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aslan H, Altunkaynak BZ, Altunkaynak ME, Vuraler O, Kaplan S, Unal B. Effect of a high fat diet on quantitative features of adipocytes in the omentum: an experimental, stereological and ultrastructural study. Obes Surg. 2006 Nov;16(11):1526–34.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Logue J, Murray HM, Welsh P, Shepherd J, Packard C, Macfarlane P, et al. Obesity is associated with fatal coronary heart disease independently of traditional risk factors and deprivation. Heart. 2011;97:564–568.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zimmerman M, Hrabosky JI, Francione C, Young D, Chelminski I, Dalrymple K, Galione JN. Impact of obesity on the psychometric properties of the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, fourth edition criteria for major depressive disorder. Compr Psychiatry. 2011;52:146–150.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lutz TA, Woods SC. Overview of animal models of obesity. Curr Protoc Pharmacol. 2012;5:61. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/0471141755.ph0561s58.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dell P, Olson R. Thalamic, cortical and cerebella projections of vagalvisceral afferents. C.R. Seances Soc Biol Fil. 1951;145:1084–1088.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Burneo JG, Faught E, Knowlton R, Morawetz R, Kuzniecky R. Weight loss associated with vagus nerve stimulation. Neurology. 2002;59:463–464.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pardo JV, SheikhSA, Kuskowski MA, Surerus-Johnson C, Hagen MC, Lee, JT, Rittberg BR, Adson DE. Weight loss during chronic, cervical vagus nerve stimulation in depressed patients with obesity. Int. J. Obes. 2007;31:1756-1759.
   Google Scholar
• Stephens TW, Basinski M, Bristow PK, Bue-Valleskey JM, Burgett SG, Craft L, et al. The role of neuropeptide Y in the antiobesity action of the obese gene product. Nature. 1995;377:530–532.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sobocki J, Fourtanier G, Estany J, Otal P. Does vagal nerve stimulation affect body composition and metabolism? Experimental study of a new potential technique in bariatric surgery. Surgery. 2006;139(2):209–216.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sobocki J, Thor PJ, Uson J, Diaz-Guemes I, Lipinski M, Calles C, et al. Microchip vagal pacing reduces food intake and body mass. Hepatogastroenterology. 2001;48(42):1783–1787.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sarr MG, Billington CJ, Brancatisano R, Brancatisano A, Toouli J, Kow L, The EMPOWER study group, et al. The EMPOWER study: Randomized, prospective, double-blind, multicenter trial of vagal blockade to induce weight loss in morbid obesity. Obes Surg. 2012; doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s11695-012-0751-8.
   Google Scholar
• Debas HT, Carvajal SH. Vagal regulation of acid secretion and gastrin release. Yale J Biol Med. 1994;67(3–4):145–51.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen D, Zhao CM. Genetically engineered mice: A new paradigm to study gastric physiology. Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2007;23(6):602–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johannessen H, Revesz D, Kodama Y, Cassie N, et al. Vagal blocking for obesity control: A possible mechanism-of-action. Obes Surg. 2017;27:177–185.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gold RM. Hypothalamic obesity: The myth of the ventromedial nucleus. Science. 1973;182:488–490.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mieda M, Williams SC, Richardson JA, Tanaka K, Yanagisawa M. The dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus as a putative food-entrainable circadian pacemaker. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006;103(32):12150–12155.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gooley JJ, Schomer A, Saper CB. The dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus is critical for the expression of food-entrainable circadian rhythms. Nat Neurosci. 2006;9(3):398–407.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferrari B, Arnold M, Carr RD, Langhans W, Pacini G, Bódvarsdottir TB, et al. Subdiaphragmatic vagal deafferentation affects body weight gain and glucose metabolism in obese male Zucker (fa/fa) rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2005;289:R1027–R1034.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jordan PH, Thornby J. Twenty years after parietal cell vagotomy or selective vagotomy antrectomy for treatment of duodenal ulcer. Final report. Ann. Surg. 1994;220(3):283–93.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lygidakis NJ. Posterior truncal vagotomy and anterior curve superficial seromyotomy as an alternative for the surgical management of chronic ulcer of the duodenum. Surgery. Gynecology and Obstetrics. 1984;158(3):251–4.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lubaczeuski C, Balbo SL, Ribeiro RA, Vettorazzi JF, Santos- Silva JC, Carneiro EM, Bonfleur ML. Vagotomy ameliorates islet morphofunction and body metabolic homeostasis in MSG-obese rats. Braz J Med Biol Res. 2015;48:447–57. doi:https://doi.org/10.1590/1414-431X20144340.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kral JG. Effects of truncal vagotomy on body weight and hyperinsulinemia in morbid obesity. Am J Clin Nutr. 1980;33:416–419.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balbo SL, Ribeiro RA, Mendes MC, et al. Vagotomy diminishes obesity in cafeteria rats by decreasingcholinergic potentiation of insulin release. J Physiol Biochem. 2016;72:625–633.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thaler JP, Yi CX, Schur EA, Guyenet SJ, Hwang BH, Dietrich MO, et al. Obesity is associated with hypothalamic injury in rodents and humans. J Clin Invest. 2012;122(1):153–62. doi:https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI59660. Epub 2011 Dec 27.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taner D. Fonksiyonel Nöroanatami. Ankara: METU Press; 2005.
   Google Scholar
• Lustig RH. Hypothalamic obesity: Causes, consequences, treatment. Pediatr Endocrinol Rev. 2008;6(2):220–7.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kaplan JM, Siemers WH, Smedh U, Schwartz GJ, Grill HJ. Gastric branch vagotomyAnd gastric emptying during and after intragastric infusion of glucose. Am J Physiol. 1997;273:1786–92.
   Google Scholar
• Wickbom J, Herrington MK, Permert J, Jansson A, Arnelo U. Gastric emptying in response to IAPP and CCK in rats with subdiaphragmatic afferent vagotomy. Regul Pept. 2008;148:21–25.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Moran TH, Baldessarini AR, Salorio CF, Lowery T, Schwartz GJ. Vagal afferent andcontributions to the inhibition of food intake by cholecystokinin. Am J Physiol. 1997;272:1245–51.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raybould HE, Holzer H. Secretin inhibits gastric emptying in rats via a capsaicinsensitive vagal afferent pathway. Eur J Pharmacol. 1993;250:165–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang Z, Zheng H, Berthoud HR. Funtional vagal input to chemically identified neurons in pancreatic ganglia as revealed by Fos expression. Am J Physiol. 1999;277:958–64.
   Google Scholar
• Laorden ML, Nunez C, Almela P, Milanes MV. Morphine withdrawal- induced c-fos expression in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus is dependent on the activation of catecholaminergic neurones. J Neurochem. 2002;83:132–140.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zheng H, Li YF, Weiss M, Mayhan GW, Patel PK. Neuronal expression of fos protein in the forebrain of diabetic rats. Brain Res. 2002;956:268–275.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Navaratnam V, Jacques TS, Skepper JN. Ultrastructural and cytochemical study of neurones in the ratdorsal motor nucleus of the vagus after axon crush. Microsc Res Tech. 1998;42:334–344.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phillips RJ, Baronowsky EA, Powley TL. Long-term regeneration of abdominal vagus: efferents fail while afferents succeed. J Comp Neurol. 2003;455:222–237.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phillips RJ, Baronowsky EA, Powley TL. Regenerating vagal afferents reinnervate gastrointestinal tract smooth muscle of the rat. J Comp Neurol. 2000;421:325–346.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perseghin G, Ghosh S, Gerow K, et al. Metabolic defects in lean nondiabetic offspring of NIDDM parents: A cross-sectional study. Diabetes. 1997;46:1001–1009.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hauner H. Secretory factors from human adipose tissue and their functional role. Proc Nutr Soc. 2005;64:163–169.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fujioka S, Matsuzawa Y, Tokunaga K, Tarui S. Contribution of intra-abdominal fat accumulation to the impairment of glucose and lipid metabolism in human obesity. Metabolism. 1987;36:54–59.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chatterjee S. Sphingolipids in atherosclerosis and vascular biology. Arterioscler, Thromb, Vasc Biol. 1998;18:1523–1533.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pettus BJ, Chalfant CE, Hannun YA. Sphingolipids in inflammation: roles and implications. Curr Mol Med. 2004;4:405–418.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Samad F, Hester KD, Yang G, Hannun YA, Bielawski J. Altered adipose and plasma sphingolipid metabolism in obesity. Diabetes. 2006;55:2579–2587.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar