Investigation of de-icing of roads with conductive concrete pavement containing carbon fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP)

References

• ACI committee 211: 1-91 , 2009. Standard practice for selecting proportions for normal, heavyweight, and mass concrete. Philadelphia, PA: ACI Manual of Conceret Practice 211: 1-91.
   Google Scholar
• Amini, B. and Tehrani, S.S. , 2014. Simultaneous effects of salted water and water flow on asphalt concrete pavement deterioration under freeze–thaw cycles. International Journal of Pavement Engineering , 15 (5), 383–391.10.1080/10298436.2012.677844
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ASTM C127 , 1993. Standard test method for specific gravity and absorption of coarse aggregate . Philadelphia, PA: American Society for Testing and Materials.
   Google Scholar
• ASTM C128 , 2015. Standard test method for relative density (specific gravity) and absorption of fine aggregate . West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International.
   Google Scholar
• ASTM C136 , 1995. Standard test method for sieve analysis of fine and coarse aggregates . Philadelphia, PA: American Society for Testing and Materials.
   Google Scholar
• ASTM C192 , 2000. Standard practice for making and curing concrete test specimens in the laboratory . West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International.
   Google Scholar
• ASTM C29 , 2009. Standard test method for bulk density (‘Unit Weight’) and voids in aggregate . West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International.
   Google Scholar
• ASTM C33 , 2016. Standard specification for concrete aggregates . West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International.
   Google Scholar
• ASTM C39 , 2016. Standard test method for compressive strength of cylindrical concrete specimens . West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International.
   Google Scholar
• ASTM C78 / C78M-15b , 2016. Standard test method for flexural strength of concrete (using simple beam with third-point loading) . West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International.
   Google Scholar
• ASTM D2419 , 2014. Standard test method for sand equivalent value of soils and fine aggregate . West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International.
   Google Scholar
• Banthia, N. , Djeridane, S. , and Pigeon, M. , 1992. Electrical resistivity of carbon and steel micro-fiber reinforced cements. Cement and Concrete Research , 22 (5), 804–814.10.1016/0008-8846(92)90104-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bensted, J. and Group, I.M. , 1996. ‘Chemical effects of cement mortar of calcium magnesium acetate as a deicing salt’ by O. Peterson. Cement and Concrete Research , 26 (4), 633–635.10.1016/0008-8846(96)00022-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chung, D.D.L. , 2004. Self-heating structural materials. Smart Materials and Structures , 13 (3), 562–565.10.1088/0964-1726/13/3/015
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cordon, W.A. , 1966. Freezing and thawing of concrete-mechanisms and control . ACI monograph, No. 3. Detroit, MI: American Concrete Institute.
   Google Scholar
• Feng, J.H. and Li, H. , 2009. Development of self-heating concrete using carbon nano-fiber paper. In: Tomizuka, M., ed., Proceedings of SPIE , 9–12 March 2009. San Diego, CA: The International Society for Optical Engineering, Sensors and smart structures technologies for civil, mechanical, and aerospace systems, vol. 7292.
   Google Scholar
• Giebson, C. , Seyfarth, K. , and Stark, J. , 2010. Influence of acetate and formate-based deicers on ASR in airfield concrete pavements. Cement and Concrete Research , 40 (4), 537–545.10.1016/j.cemconres.2009.09.009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glover, J.D. , Sarma, M.S. , and Overbye, T. , 2012. Power system analysis & design, SI version . 5th ed. Burlington, MA: Thomson Engineering, Cengage Learning, 180–187 .
   Google Scholar
• Henderson, D.J. , 1963. Experimental roadway heating project on a bridge approach/and discussion. Highway Research Record (14), 14–23.
   Google Scholar
• Hou, Z.F. , Li, Z.Q. , and Tang, Z.Q. , 2002. Research on making and application of CFRP electrically concrete for deicing and snow-melting. Wuhan Institute of Technology (Natural Journal Edition) , 24 (8), 32–34.
   Google Scholar
• Kang, Y. , Hansen, W. , and Borgnakke, C. , 2012. Effect of air-void system on frost expansion of highway concrete exposed to deicer salt. International Journal of Pavement Engineering , 13 (3), 259–266.10.1080/10298436.2011.633169
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, R.C. , et al. , 1984. Bridge heating using ground-source heat pipes. Transportation Research Record , 962, 51–56.
   Google Scholar
• Lee, H. , et al. , 2000. Effects of various deicing chemicals on pavement concrete deterioration, In: Proceedings of the mid-continent transportation symposium . Ames, IA, 151–155.
   Google Scholar
• Li, H. , Zhang, Q. , and Xiao, H. , 2013. Self-deicing road system with a CNFP high-efficiency thermal source and MWCNT/cement-based high-thermal conductive composites. Cold Regions Science and Technology , 86, 22–35.10.1016/j.coldregions.2012.10.007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nadezhdin, A. , et al. , 1988. The effect of deicing chemicals on reinforced concrete. Construction and Building Materials, 1157, 31–37.
   Google Scholar
• Nobili, A. , Lanzoni, L. , and Tarantino, A.M. , 2013. Experimental investigation and monitoring of a polypropylene-based fiber reinforced concrete road pavement. Construction and Building Materials , 47, 888–895.10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.05.077
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Power, T.C. , 1975. Freezing effects in concrete. In: Durability of concrete , Paper SP47-1. Detroit: American Concrete Institute, 1–11.
   Google Scholar
• Pye, G.B. , Myers, R.E. , and Arnott, M.R. , 2001. Conductive concrete compositions containing carbonaceous particles. Chemistry Abstracts , 58, 76.
   Google Scholar
• Rainiero, J.M. , 1988. Investigation of the ice-retardant characteristics of verglimit-modified asphalt. Transportation Research Record, 1157, 44–51.
   Google Scholar
• Ryu, S.W. and Kim, H.S. , 2016. Development of lower shrinkage and reflection material for concrete pavement. International Journal of Pavement Engineering , 17 (8), 709–715.10.1080/10298436.2015.1019492
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Safiuddin, M. , et al. , 2014. State-of-the-art report on use of nano-materials in concrete. International Journal of Pavement Engineering , 15 (10), 940–949.10.1080/10298436.2014.893327
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shi, X. , et al. , 2009. Deicer impacts on pavement materials: introduction and recent developments. The Open Civil Engineering Journal , 3, 16–27.10.2174/1874149500903010016
   Google Scholar
• Tuan, C.Y. , 2004a. Conductive concrete for bridge deck deicing and anti-icing . Nebraska Department of Road, Technical Report, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, No. SPR-PL-1(037).
   Google Scholar
• Tuan, C.Y. , 2004b. Electrical resistance heating of conductive concrete containing steel fibers and shavings. ACI Materials Journal , 101 (1), 65–71.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tuan, C.Y. and Yehia, S. , 2004. Evaluation of electrically conductive concrete containing carbon products for deicing. ACI Materials Journal , 101 (4), 287–293.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, K. , et al. , 1996. Microscopic study of ice propagation in concrete. ACI Materials Journal , 93 (4), 370–377.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, K. , Nelsen, D.E. , and Nixon, W.A. , 2006. Damaging effects of deicing chemicals on concrete materials. Cement and Concrete Composites , 28 (2), 173–188.10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2005.07.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xie, P. and Beaudoin, J.J. , 1995. Electrically conductive concrete and its application in deicing. ACI Special Publication , 154, 399–418.
   Google Scholar
• Xie, P. , Gu, P. , and Beaudoin, J.J. , 1996. Electrical percolation phenomena in cement composites containing conductive fibres. Journal of Materials Science , 31 (15), 4093–4097.10.1007/BF00352673
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, T. , et al. , 2011. Experimental study on carbon fiber tape-based deicing technology. Journal of Cold Regions Engineering , 26 (2), 55–70.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yehia, S. and Tuan, C.Y. , 1999. Conductive concrete overlay for bridge deck deicing. ACI Materials Journal , 96 (3), 382–390.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yehia, S.A. and Tuan, C.Y. , 2001. Conductive concrete for bridge deck deicing and anti-icing . In: First international structural engineering and construction conference , Honolulu, Hawaii, 435–440.
   Google Scholar
• Yehia, S. , et al. , 2000. Conductive concrete overlay for bridge deck deicing: mixture proportioning, optimization, and properties. ACI Materials Journal , 97 (2), 172–181.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zenewitz, J.A. , 1977. Survey of alternatives to the use of chlorides for highway deicing . Washington, DC: Materials Division, Offices of Research and Development, Federal Highway Administration, Report No. FHWA-RD-77-52.
   Google Scholar
• Zhang, K. , Han, B. , and Yu, X. , 2011. Nickel particle based electrical resistance heating cementitious composites. Cold Regions Science and Technology , 69 (1), 64–69.10.1016/j.coldregions.2011.07.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao, H. , et al. , 2011. Concrete pavement deicing with carbon fiber heating wires. Cold Regions Science and Technology , 65 (3), 413–420.10.1016/j.coldregions.2010.10.010
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar