Effect of functional grading on the performance of flexible pavements

References

• Abd Alla, E.M., 2006. The rational use of finite element method in the analysis of flexible pavements. Journal of Engineering Sciences, Assiut University, 34 (4), 1185–1211.
   Google Scholar
• Adhikari, S., Shen, S., and You, Z., 2009. Evaluation of fatigue models of hot-mix asphalt through laboratory testing. Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2127, 36–42. doi: 10.3141/2127-05
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ali, H.A. and Tayabji, S.D., 1998. Mechanistic evaluation of test data from LTPP flexible pavement test sections. ERES Consultants, Inc, Report No: FHWA-RD-98-012.
   Google Scholar
• Ambassa, Z., et al., 2013. Fatigue life prediction of an asphalt pavement subjected to multiple axle loadings with viscoelastic FEM. Construction and Building Materials, 43, 443–452. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.02.017
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Banerjee, J.R. and Ananthapuvirajah, A., 2018. Free vibration of functionally graded beams and frameworks using the dynamic stiffness method. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 422, 34–47. doi: 10.1016/j.jsv.2018.02.010
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beskou, N.D., Tsinopoulos, S.V., and Theodorakopoulos, D.D., 2016. Dynamic elastic analysis of 3-D flexible pavements under moving vehicles: a unified FEM treatment. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 82, 63–72. doi: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2015.11.013
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chakraborty, A., Gopalakrishnan, S., and Reddy, J.N., 2003. A new beam finite element for the analysis of functionally graded materials. International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 45, 519–539. doi: 10.1016/S0020-7403(03)00058-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chegenizadeh, A., Keramatikerman, M., and Nikraz, H., 2016. Flexible pavement modelling using Kenlayer. The Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 21, 2467–2479.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Çömez, İ., 2015. Contact problem for a functionally graded layer indented by a moving punch. International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 100, 339–344. doi: 10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2015.07.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Demirbas, M.D., 2017. Thermal stress analysis of functionally graded plates with temperature-dependent material properties using theory of elasticity. Composites Part B Engineering, 131, 100–124. doi: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2017.08.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ekwulo, E.O. and Eme, D.B., 2009. Fatigue and rutting strain analysis of flexible pavements designed using CBR methods. African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 3 (12), 412–421.
   Google Scholar
• Ghanizadeh, A.R. and Ziaie, A., 2015. NonPAS: a program for nonlinear analysis of flexible pavements. International Journal of Integrated Engineering, 7 (1), 21–28.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giannakopoulos, A.E. and Pallot, P., 2000. Two-dimensional contact analysis of elastic graded materials. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, 48, 1597–1631. doi: 10.1016/S0022-5096(99)00068-X
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guler, M.A. and Erdogan, F., 2004. Contact mechanics of graded coatings. International Journal of Solids and Structures, 41, 3865–3889. doi: 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2004.02.025
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hadi, M.N.S. and Bodhinayake, B.C., 2003. Non-linear finite element analysis of flexible pavements. Advances in Engineering Software, 34, 657–662. doi: 10.1016/S0965-9978(03)00109-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang, Y.H., 2004. Pavement analysis and design. 2nd ed Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.
   Google Scholar
• Kahya, V. and Turan, M., 2017. Finite element model for vibration and buckling of functionally graded beams based on the first-order shear deformation theory. Composites Part B Engineering, 109, 108–115. doi: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2016.10.039
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, T.J. and Wang, Y.S., 2008. Axisymmetric frictionless contact problem of a functionally graded coating with exponentially varying modulus. Acta Mechanica, 199, 151–165. doi: 10.1007/s00707-007-0556-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, T.J., Wang, Y.S., and Zhang, C., 2008. Axisymmetric frictionless contact of functionally graded materilas. Archive of Applied Mechanics, 78, 267–282. doi: 10.1007/s00419-007-0160-y
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miteva, A.M., 2014. An overview of the functionally graded materials. Scientific Proceedings II International Scientific-Technical Conference Technics Technologies Education Safety’, 14, 71–74.
   Google Scholar
• Mousa, M.R., et al., 2015. Evaluation of pavement performance prediction models under different traffic and climatic conditions. In: 14th annual international conference on asphalt, pavement engineering and infrastructure, Liverpool, 1–19.
   Google Scholar
• Muniandy, R., Aburkaba, E., and Thamer, N., 2013. Comparison of flexible pavement performance using kenlayer and chev pc software program. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 7 (9), 112–119.
   Google Scholar
• Oruç, Ş. and Yılmaz, B., 2016. Improvement in performance properties of asphalt using a novel boron-containing additive. Construction and Building Materials, 123, 207–213. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.07.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pan, E., Alkasawneh, W., and Chen, E., 2007. An exploratory study on functionally graded materials with application to multilayered pavement design. Department of Civil Engineering the University of Akron, Report No: FHWA/OH-2007/12.
   Google Scholar
• Ramirez, F., Heyliger, P.R., and Pan, E., 2016. Static analysis of functionally graded elastic anisotropic plates using a discrete layer approach. Composites: Part B, 37, 10–20. doi: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2005.05.009
   Google Scholar
• Samad, E, 2011. Sensitivity analysis in flexible pavement performance using mechanistic empirical method (Case study: Cirebon–Losari road segment, West Java). Civil Engineering Forum, 20 (1), 1163–1174.
   Google Scholar
• Sarkar, A, 2016. Numerical comparison of flexible pavement dynamic response under different axles. International Journal of Pavement Engineering, 17 (5), 377–387. doi: 10.1080/10298436.2014.993195
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu, X.J. and Meng, J.M., 2018. A model for functionally graded materials. Composites Part B Engineering, 145, 70–80. doi: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2018.03.014
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yao, Z., et al., 2018. Integrated utilization of recycled crumb rubber and polyethylene for enhancing the performance of modified bitumen. Construction and Building Materials, 170, 217–224. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.03.080
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yilmaz, M., Kök, B.V., and Kuloğlu, N., 2011. Effects of using asphaltite as filler on mechanical properties of hot mix asphalt. Construction and Building Materials, 25, 4279–4286. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2011.04.072
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoo, P.J., et al., 2006. Flexible pavement responses to different loading amplitudes considering layer interface condition and lateral shear forces. The International Journal of Pavement Engineering, 7 (1), 73–86. doi: 10.1080/10298430500516074
   Google Scholar