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Australian Historical Studies Volume 32, 2001 - Issue 117
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Original Articles

Defending Australia's reputation: How indigenous Australians won civil rights, part two

John Chesterman University of Melbourne,
Pages 201-221 | Published online: 29 Sep 2008

  • March 1964 . Racial Discrimination , March , Canberra : National Archives of Australia . A1838/1, 929/5/6 part 1, (hereafter NAA)
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  • 1963 . Letter from Andrews to Street , 3 March Council for Aboriginal Rights papers, MSS 12913, box 8/4, State Library of Victoria (hereafter SLV)
  • Andrews , Shirley . 3 May 1963 . “ ‘Speech made at U.N. Seminar on the Role of the Police in the Protection of Human Rights’ ” . 3 May , Melbourne : NAA . B357, box 1
  • 1963 . Sydney Morning Herald , 4 May : 3 6
  • 1963 . Age , 4 May : 3
  • 27 May 1963 . Letter from C.R. Lambert, Department of Territories, to Victorian Superintendent of Aborigines Welfare , 27 May , Melbourne : NAA . B357, box 1
  • 1963 . Letter from Andrews to Commander Fox‐Pitt, Anti‐Slavery Society , 22 May
  • 1963 . Letter from Andrews to Michael Scott , 22 May MSS 12913, box 8/4, SLV.
  • Hasluck , Paul . 1988 . Shades of Darkness: Aboriginal Affairs 1925–1965 , 97 Melbourne : Melbourne University Press .
  • 1961 . ‘Report from the Select Committee on Voting Rights of Aborigines’ . Commonwealth Parliamentary Papers , 2 : 7 part 1
  • Duguid , Charles . 1952 . ‘The Universal Declaration of Human Rights as it relates to the Aborigines of Australia’ . 24 November MSS 12913, box 8/4, SLV.
  • 1963 . Cabinet Minute , 10 September submission no. 883
  • “ ‘History of United Nations Consideration of Apartheid and the Australian Attitude’ ” . Vol. 23 , Canberra : NAA . A4940/1, C3298
  • Hudson , W.J. 1972 . “ ‘Australian Diplomacy and South Africa’ ” . In Racism: The Australian Experience , Edited by: Stevens , F.S. vol. 3 , 167 – 8 . Sydney : ANZ Book Company .
  • 1964 . “ Department of External Affairs ” . In The Australian Aborigines , 17 Canberra : Department of External Affairs . B357, box 1, NAA, Melbourne
  • 1964 . Report of the Inter‐Departmental Committee on Racial Discrimination , March
  • Clark , Jennifer . 1997 . ‘“Something to Hide”: Aborigines and the Department of External Affairs, January 1961–January 1962’ . Journal of the Royal Australian Historical Society , 83 : 81 letter from Acting Secretary, Department of External Affairs, to the Minister, 22 August 1961, A1838/2, 929/5/3 part 1, NAA, Canberra
  • 1961 . Postmaster‐General to Cabinet , 18 July
  • 23 August 1961 . Cabinet Minute , vol. 30 , 23 August , Canberra : NAA . A5818/2
  • Taffe , Sue . 1995 . ‘Australian Diplomacy in a Policy Vacuum: Government and Aboriginal Affairs, 1961–62’ . Aboriginal History , 19 : 161 168 – 9 .
  • 1 September 1964 . Cabinet Minute , 1 September , Canberra : NAA . A452/1, 62/6575
  • Bandler , Faith . 1989 . Turning the Tide: A Personal History of the Federal Council for the Advancement of Aborigines and Torres Strait Islanders , 18 – 19 . Canberra : Aboriginal Studies Press .
  • Weisbrot , Robert . 1990 . Freedom Bound: A History of America's Civil Rights Movement , 55 – 63 . New York : W.W. Norton .
  • 1965 . Australian , 16 February : 4 17 February, 2; 18 February, 2; 19 February, 4; 25 February, 1
  • 1965 . Courier‐Mail , 16 February : 1 18 February, 3.
  • Perkins , Charles . 1975 . A Bastard Like Me , 74 Sydney : Ure Smith . See chapter 8 for Perkins's recollections of the freedom rides.
  • 1965 . Australian , 24 February : 8 Letter from B.C. Stevens to the
  • 1966 . In the matter of . . . The Cattle Station Industry (Northern Territory) Award 1951, Commonwealth Arbitration Reports , 113 : 651 669 – 71 .
  • 22 April 1965 . Cabinet submission from C.E. Barnes, Minister for Territories , vol. 23 , 22 April , Canberra : NAA . A5827
  • Stevens , Frank . 1974 . Aborigines in the Northern Territory Cattle Industry , Canberra : ANU Press . chapter 10
  • 1951 . In the matter of . . . The Cattle Station Industry (Northern Territory) Award , : 655 657 665 – 6 . 669
  • Andrews , Shirley . 1962 . ‘Wages and Employment of Aborigines’ . in papers presented to the Federal Council's Fifth National Conference . April 1962 .
  • 1955 . Council for Aboriginal Rights . Bulletin , December : 1
  • Andrews . ‘Wages and Employment of Aborigines’ . 7
  • 1955 . Council for Aboriginal Rights . Bulletin , December : 1
  • Andrews . ‘Wages and Employment of Aborigines’ . 2
  • 11 July 1963 . Memorandum from Aborigines Advancement League (Vic) , 11 July , Canberra : NAA . A1838/1, 929/5/3 part 2
  • 1963 . Commonwealth Parliamentary Debates , 17 October : 2017 – 18 . (hereafter CPD), Representatives 40, (23 October 1963), 2189–90; (24 October 1963), 2192.
  • 1964 . ‘Wages and Employment Committee Annual Report’ . in Federal Council, Reports and Recommendations of the Seventh Annual Conference . March 1964 . pp. 22 submission from Trades and Labour Council of Queensland to Queensland State Government ‘For Equality of Wages and Working Conditions for Aborigines in the Pastoral Industry’ (unpublished paper held in NLA, 1964), 1
  • May , Dawn . 1994 . Aboriginal Labour and the Cattle Industry: Queensland from White Settlement to the Present , 163 Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
  • Evans , W.P. 1966 . “ ‘ACTU Policy and the Pastoral Decision—A Trade Unionist's View’ ” . In Aborigines in the Economy: Employment, Wages and Training , Edited by: Sharp , Ian and Tatz , Colin . 216 Brisbane : Jacaranda Press .
  • 1951 . Waters v Commonwealth, Commonwealth Law Reports , 82 : 188
  • Chesterman , John and Galligan , Brian . 1997 . Citizens Without Rights: Aborigines and Australian Citizenship , 172 – 3 . Melbourne : Cambridge University Press .
  • Kidd , Rosalind . 1997 . The Way We Civilise: Aboriginal Affairs—The Untold Story , 229 – 30 . Brisbane : University of Queensland Press .
  • Christophers , Barry . 1964 . ‘A.W.U. Seeks Equal Pay for Aborigines’ . Smoke Signals , December : 2 – 3 .
  • 1964 . Sydney Morning Herald , 25 November : 7
  • Christophers . 1967 . ‘The New Pastoral Industry Award’ . Smoke Signals , October : 23
  • 1951 . In the matter of. . . The Cattle Station Industry (Northern Territory) Award , : 663
  • 1965 . Australian , 19 February : 1 20 February 1965, 3; 27 February 1965, 1
  • 1965 . Australian , 26 February : 2
  • 1965 . Cabinet submission from C.E. Barnes, Minister for Territories , 22 April
  • 6 May 1965 . “ ‘Northern Territory—Aboriginal Wage Policy’ ” . vol. 23 , 6 May , Canberra : NAA . note from the Prime Minister's Department headed, A5827
  • Attwood , Bain and Markus , Andrew . 1997 . The 1967 Referendum, Or When Aborigines Didn't Get the Vote , 31 Canberra : Aboriginal Studies Press .
  • 1965 . Cabinet submission from C.E. Barnes, Minister for Territories , 22 April
  • 11 May 1965 . Cabinet Minute , vol. 23 , 11 May , Canberra : NAA . A5827
  • 1966 . Rights and Advancement , September : 1 – 2 . (Federal Council newsletter)
  • Christophers , Barry . 1967 . ‘Equal Wages Wanted Now’ . Smoke Signals , February–March : 5
  • 21 October 1966 . Administrator of the Northern Territory , 21 October , Canberra : NAA . A1838/1, 929/5/3 part 2
  • 1967 . In the Matter of . . . The Pastoral Industry Award 1965, Commonwealth Arbitration Reports , 121 : 454 – 5 . 457 – 8 .
  • 1967 . Australian , 16 September : 3
  • Attwood and Markus . The 1967 Referendum , 21 – 2 . 24 – 6 . 88
  • Attwood and Markus . The 1967 Referendum , 28
  • 1959–60 . ‘Report from the Joint Committee on Constitutional Review, 1959’ . Commonwealth Parliamentary Papers , 3 : 54 56
  • Attwood and Markus . The 1967 Referendum , 24 26
  • 1965 . Cabinet Submission from Attorney‐General B.M. Snedden , 22 February
  • 7 April 1965 . Cabinet Minute , vol. 20 , 7 April , Canberra : NAA . A5827
  • Attwood and Markus . The 1967 Referendum , 31 33
  • 1965 . CPD , 11 November : 2638 – 9 . Representatives 48
  • 23 August 1965 . Cabinet submission from Attorney‐General B.M. Snedden , vol. 31 , 23 August , Canberra : NAA . A5827/1
  • Attwood and Markus . The 1967 Referendum , 33
  • 1965 . CPD , 18 May : 1594 – 5 . Representatives 46
  • January 1967 . Cabinet Submission from Attorney‐General Nigel Bowen , January , Canberra : NAA . A4940, C4257
  • 22 February 1967 . Cabinet Minute , 22 February , Canberra : NAA . A4940, C4257
  • Attwood and Markus . The 1967 Referendum , 34
  • 1967 . Smoke Signals , May : 6
  • January 1967 . Cabinet Submission from Attorney‐General Nigel Bowen , January , Canberra : NAA . A4940, C4257
  • Attwood and Markus . The 1967 Referendum , 35 – 6 .
  • Attwood and Markus . The 1967 Referendum , 49
  • 1999 . Personal correspondence from John Newfong , 20 May
  • Coombs , H.C. 1978 . Kulinma: Listening to Aboriginal Australians , Canberra : ANU Press . chapter 1
  • Attwood , Bain and Markus , Andrew . 1999 . “ ‘The Fight for Aboriginal Rights’ ” . In The Australian Century: Political Struggle in the Building of a Nation , Edited by: Manne , Robert . 274 – 7 . Melbourne : Text .
  • Rowse , Tim . 2000 . Obliged to be Difficult: Nugget Coombs’ Legacy in Indigenous Affairs , 51 53 72 – 3 . Cambridge : Cambridge University Press . passim
  • Attwood and Markus . ‘The Fight for Aboriginal Rights’ . 279
  • Read , Peter . 1990 . Charles Perkins: A Biography , 124 – 5 . Melbourne : Viking .
  • Goodall , Heather . 1996 . Invasion to Embassy: Land in Aboriginal Politics in New South Wales, 1770–1972 , 338 – 9 . 350 – 1 . Sydney : Allen & Unwin .
  • 1973 . CPD , 21 November : 1976 Senate 58
  • 1959 . Report of Second Annual Conference of Federal Council for Aboriginal Advancement , February to March MN 1176, Acc 3491A, items 18–20, PROWA
  • 1965 . Australian , 17 April : 3
  • Hocking , Jenny . 1997 . Lionel Murphy: A Political Biography , 183 Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
  • 1973 . CPD , 21 November : 1975 – 6 . Senate 58, Volume 1 of the Stevens study looked generally at discrimination suffered by migrants, and volume 3 considered Australia's place on the international stage
  • Stevens , F.S. , ed. 1971 . Racism: The Australian Experience , vol. 1 , Sydney : ANZ Book Co. . vol. 2 (1972); vol. 3 (1972)
  • 1975 . CPD , 13 February : 285 Representatives 93
  • 1999 . Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination, Press Release RD/893 , 19 March

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