1,304
Views
24
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Article

An Integrative Review of Parenting Stress in Mothers of Children with Autism in Japan

ORCID Icon &

References

  • Abidin, R. R. (1992). The determinants of parenting behavior. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology , 21 , 407–412.10.1207/s15374424jccp2104_12
  • Abidin, R. R. (1995). Manual for the parenting stress index . Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
  • Abidin, R. E. , Flens, J. R. , & Austin, W. G. (2013). The forensic uses and limitations of the parenting stress index. In J. T. McCann & F. J. Dyer (Eds.), Forensic uses of clinical assessment instruments (pp. 346–379). New York, NY : The Guilford Press.
  • Achenbach, T. M . (1991). Manual for the child behavior checklist⁄4-18 and the 1991 profile . Unpublished manuscript, Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT .
  • Allen, J. L. , Sandberg, S. , Chhoa, C. Y. , Fearn, T. , & Rapee, R. M. (2017). Parent-dependent stressors and the onset of anxiety disorders in children: Links with parental psychopathology . European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry: Advance online publication. doi:10.1007/s00787-017-1038-3
  • Araki, A. , Kanematsu, Y. , Yokosawa, S. , Arayashiki, A. , Aizumi, I. , & Fujisima, K. (2005). A study for developing parenting stress-short form scale [Japanese]. Journal of Child Health , 64 , 408–416.
  • Baker-Ericzcn, M. , Lauren, B. , & Stahmer, A. (2005). Stress levels and adaptability in parents of toddlers with and withont autism spectrum disorders. Research & Practice for Persons with Severe Disabilities , 30 , 194–204. doi:10.2511/rpsd.30.4.194
  • Beck, A. T. , Ward, C. H. , Mendelson, M. , Mock, J. , & Erbaugh, J. (1961). An inventory for measuring depression. Archives of General Psychiatry , 4 , 561–571.10.1001/archpsyc.1961.01710120031004
  • Benesse Educational Research Institute . (2010). Survey of father’s views on childrearing in Japan – A comparative study of fathers in four Asian cities: Ikumen in Tokyo, Seoul, Beijing, and Shanghai . Retrieved from http://www.childresearch.net/data/ec/2010_01.html
  • Bettelheim, B. (1967). The empty fortress: Infantile autism and the birth of the self . New York, NY : Free Press.
  • Bilgin, H. , & Kucuk, L. (2010). Raising an autistic child: Perspectives from Turkish mothers. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing , 23 , 92–99. doi:10.1111/j.1744-6171.2010.00228.x
  • Birleson, P. (1981). The validity of depressive disorder in childhood and the development of a self-rating scale: A research report. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry , 22 , 73–88.
  • Bornstein, M. H. , Haynes, O. M. , Azuma, H. , Galperín, C. , Maital, S. , Ogino, M. , … Wright, B. (1998). A cross-national study of self-evaluations and attributions in parenting: Argentina, Belgium, France, Israel, Italy, Japan, and the United States. Developmental Psychology , 34 , 662–676.10.1037/0012-1649.34.4.662
  • Boyd, B. A. (2002). Examining the relationship between stress and lack of social support in mothers of children with autism. Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities , 17 , 208–215. doi:10.1177/10883576020170040301
  • Bromley, J. , Hare, D. J. , Davison, K. , & Emerson, E. (2004). Mothers supporting children with autistic spectrum disorders: Social support, mental health status and satisfaction with services. Autism: The International Journal of Research and Practice , 8 , 409–423. doi:10.1177/1362361304047224
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) . (2014). Prevalence of autism spectrum disorders among children aged 8 years – Autism and developmental disabilities monitoring network, 11 sites, United States, 2010. MMWR , 63 , 1–21.
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) . (2016). Child abuse and neglect: Risk and protective factors. Centers for Disease Control, Injury Prevention Control, Division of Violence Prevention . Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/childmaltreatment/riskprotectivefactors.html
  • Cloninger, C. R. , Svrakic, D. M. , & Przybeck, T. R. (1993). A psychobiological model of temperament and character. Archives of General Psychiatry , 50 , 975–990.
  • Costa, P. T. , & McCrae, R. R. (1992). Revised NEO personality inventory and NEO five-factor inventory: professional manual . Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
  • Davis, N. O. , & Carter, A. S. (2008). Parenting stress in mothers and fathers of toddlers with autism spectrum disorders: Associations with child characteristics. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders , 38 , 1278–1291. doi:10.1007/s10803-007-0512-z
  • Deater-Deckard, K. , Pinkerton, R. , & Scarr, S. (1996). Child care quality and children’s behavioral adjustment: A four-year longitudinal study. Child Psychology & Psychiatry & Appllied Disciplines , 37 , 937–948. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01491.x
  • DeLambo, D. , Chung, W. , & Huang, W. (2011). Stress and age: A comparison of Asian American and non-Asian American parents of children with developmental disabilities. Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities , 23 , 129–141. doi:10.1007/s10882-010-9211-3
  • Dolev, S. , Sher-Censor, E. , Baransi, N. , Amara, K. , & Said, M. (2016). Resolution of the child’s ASD diagnosis among Arab-Israeli mothers: Associations with maternal sensitivity and wellbeing. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders , 21 , 73–83. doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2015.09.004
  • Epstein, N. B. , Baldwin, L.M. , & Bishop, D.S. (1983). The McMaster family assessment device. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy , 9 , 171–180. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-0606.1983.tb01497.x
  • Estes, A. , Munson, J. , Dawson, G. , Koehler, E. , Zhou, X.-H. , & Abbott, R. (2009). Parenting stress and psychological functioning among mothers of preschool children with autism and developmental delay. Autism: The International Journal of Research and Practice , 13 , 375–387. doi:10.1177/1362361309105658
  • Farrugia, D. (2009). Exploring stigma: Medical knowledge and the stigmatisation of parents of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. Sociology of Health & Illness , 31 , 1011–1027. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9566.2009.01174.x
  • Feinberg, E. , Augustyn, M. , Fitzgerald, E. , Sandler, J. , Ferreira-Cesar Suarez, Z. , Chen, N. , … Silverstein, M. (2014). Improving maternal mental health after a child’s diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder: Results from a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Pediatrics , 168 , 40–46. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2013.3445
  • Firth, I. , & Dryer, R. (2013). The predictors of distress in parents of children with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability , 38 , 163–171. doi:10.3109/13668250.2013.773964
  • Fukuhara, S. , Bito, S. , Green, J. , Hsiao, A. , & Kurokawa, K. (1998). Translation, adaptation, and validation of the SF-36 Health Survey for use in Japan. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology , 51 , 1037–1044.
  • Furukawa, T. A. , Hori, S. , Azuma, H. , Nakano, Y. , Oshima, M. , Kitamura, T. , & … Aoki, K. (2002). Parents, personality or partner? Correlates of marital relationships. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology , 37 , 164–168.
  • Furukawa, T. A. , Kawakami, N. , Saitoh, M. , Ono, Y. , Nakane, Y. , Nakamura, Y. , & … Kikkawa, T. (2008). The performance of the Japanese version of the K6 and K10 in the world mental health survey Japan. The International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research , 17 , 152–158. doi:10.1002/mpr.257.
  • Gardiner, E. , & Iarocci, G. (2012). Unhappy (and happy) in their own way: A developmental psychopathology perspective on quality of life for families living with developmental disability with and without autism. Research in Developmental Disabilities , 33 , 2177–2192.10.1016/j.ridd.2012.06.014
  • Goodman, R. (2001). Psychometric properties of the strengths and difficulties questionnaire. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry , 40 , 1337–1345.
  • Gray, D. E. (1993). Perceptions of stigma: The parents of autistic children. Sociology of Health and Illness , 15 , 102–120. doi:10.1111/1467-9566.ep11343802
  • Grinker, R. R. , Kang-Yi, C. D. , Ahmann, C. , Beidas, R. S. , Lagman, A. , & Mandell, D. S. (2015). Cultural adaptation and translation of outreach materials on autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders , 45 , 2329–2336. doi:10.1007/s10803-015-2397-6
  • Guo, J. , Whittemore, R. , & He, G. P. (2011). The relationship between diabetes self-management and metabolic control in youth with type 1 diabetes: An integrative review. Journal of Advanced Nursing , 67 , 2294–2310. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2648.2011.05697.x
  • Hahler, E.-M. , & Elsabbagh, M. (2015). Autism: A global perspective. Current Developmental Disorders Reports , 2 , 58–64. doi:10.1007/s40474-014-0033-3
  • Hastings, R. P. , Kovshoff, H. , Ward, N. J. , degli Espinosa, F. , Brown, T. , & Remington, B. (2005). Systems analysis of stress and positive perceptions in mothers and fathers of pre-school children with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders , 35 , 635–644. doi:10.1007/s10803-005-0007-8
  • Hayes, S. A. , & Watson, S. L. (2013). The impact of parenting stress: A meta-analysis of studies comparing the experience of parenting stress in parents of children with and without autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders , 43 , 629–642. doi:10.1007/s10803-012-1604-y
  • Hazama, N. , & Fujii, I. (1989). Validation of the Japanese version of Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) [Japanese]. The Kyushu Neuro-psychiatry , 35 , 28–32.
  • Hebert, E. B. , & Koulouglioti, C. (2010). Parental beliefs about cause and course of their child’s autism and outcomes of their beliefs: A review of the literature. Issues in Comprehensive Pediatric Nursing , 33 , 149–163. doi:10.3109/01460862.2010.498331
  • Holloway, S. D. , & Nagase, A. (2014). Child rearing in Japan. In H. Selin (Ed.), Parenting across the culture: Childrearing, motherhood and fatherhood in non-western cultures (pp. 59–76). New York, NY : Springer.10.1007/978-94-007-7503-9
  • Huang, C. Y. , Yen, H. C. , Tseng, M. H. , Tung, L. C. , Chen, Y. D. , & Chen, K. L. (2014). Impacts of autistic behaviors, emotional and behavioral problems on parenting stress in caregivers of children with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders , 44 , 1383–1390. doi:10.1007/s10803-013-2000-y
  • Imai, A. , Asano, M. , & Kobayashi, K. (2006). Family function and support of the families who are raising a preschooler with autism [Japanese]. Journal of Japan Society of Nursing and Health Care , 8 , 17–25.
  • Ishii-Kuntz, M. , Makino, K. , Kato, K. , & Chiya, M. (2004). Family function and their fathers of preschoolers Japanese in child care involvement. Journal of Marriage and Family , 66 , 779–791. doi:10.1111/j.0022-2445.2004.00052.x
  • Itani, T. , Uesaka, Y. , & Nakata, Y. (2001). Standardization of the Japanese version of the child behavior checklist/4-18 [Japanese]. Psychiatria et Neurologia Paediatrica Japonica , 41 , 243–252.
  • Japan Society for Occupational Health Industry (1970). Survey of Self-Awareness of Fatigue Symptoms (Hiro no jikaku syoujyou sirabe) [Japanese]. Retrieved from http://square.umin.ac.jp/of/service.html
  • Jenkinson, C. , Coulter, A. , & Wright, L. (1993). Short form 36 (SF36) health survey questionnaire: Normative data for adults of working age. British Medical Journal , 306 , 1437–1440.
  • Kamio, Y. , Inada, N. , Morikawa, A. , Kuroda, M. , Koyama, T. , Tsujii, H. , … Constantino, J. N. (2013). Quantitative autistic traits ascertained in a national survey of 22,529 Japanese school children. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica , 128 , 45–53. doi:10.1111/acps.12034
  • Kamio, Y. , Yukihiro, R. , Adachi, J. , Ichikawa, H. , Inoue, M. , Uchiyama, T. , … Tsujii, M. (2006). Reliability and validity of the pervasive developmental disorder (PDD) -autism society japan rating scale (PARS): A behavior checklist for adolescents and adults with PDDS [Japanese]. Seishin Igaku. , 48 , 495–505.
  • Kanayama, M. , Nakadai, S. , Isobe, M. , Okamura, H. , Sato, S. , & Sato, Y. (2006). Development of teacher-rated problem-behaviors scale for preschool children [Japanese]. The Japanese Journal of Personality , 14 , 235–237.
  • Kang-Yi, C. D. , Grinker, R. R. , & Mandell, D. S. (2013). Korean culture and autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders , 43 , 503–520. doi:10.1007/s10803-012-1570-4
  • Kanner, L. (1943). Autistic disturbances of affective contact. Nervous Child , 2 , 217–250.
  • Kato, M. , & Tsuda, C. (1998). The causes of stress to mothers during child care for infants in their first year of life [Japanese]. The Japanese Society of Child Health , 57 , 433–440.
  • Kayama, M. , & Haight, W. (2012). Cultural sensitivity in the delivery of disability services to children: A case study of Japanese education and socialization. Children and Youth Services Review , 34 , 266–275. doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2011.10.023
  • Kazui, M. (1997). The influence of cultural expectations on mother-child relationships in Japan. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology , 18 , 485–496. doi:10.1016/S0193-3973(97)90023-X
  • Kessler, R. C. , Andrews, G. , Colpe, L. , Hiripi, E. , Mroczek, D. , Normand, S. , … Zaslavsky, A. (2002). Short screening scales to monitor population prevalences and trends in non-specific psychological distress. Psychological Medicine , 32 , 959–976. doi:10.1017/S0033291702006074.
  • Kijima, N. , Saito, R. , Takeuchi, M. , Yoshino, A. , Ono, Y. , Kato, M. , & Kitamura, T. (1996). The Japanese version of cloninger’s seven-factor model of temperament and character inventory [Japanese]. Archives of Psychiatric Diagnostics and Clinical Evaluation , 7 , 379–399.
  • Kim, Y. S. , Leventhal, B. L. , Koh, Y.-J. , Fombonne, E. , Laska, E. , Lim, E.-C. , … Grinker, R. R. (2011). Prevalence of autism spectrum disorders in a total population sample. American Journal of Psychiatry , 168 , 904–912. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2011.10101532
  • Kimura, M. , & Yamazaki, Y. (2016). Physical punishment, mental health and sense of coherence among parents of vhildren with intellectual disability in Japan. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities , 29 , 455–467. doi:10.1111/jar.12198
  • Kitagawa, N. , Nanakida, A. , & Imashioya, H. (1995). Effects of social support on mothers of children with disabilities [Japanese]. Japanese Journal of Special Education , 33 , 35–44.
  • Kitamura, T. (1988). Theory and practice of mental symptom measurement [Japanese] . Tokyo: Kaimeisya.
  • Kobayashi, K. & Asano, M. (2005). Family function among families of children with autism [Japanese]. Japanese Journal of Research in Family Nursing , 11 , 28.
  • Mak, W. W. S. , & Kwok, Y. T. Y. (2010). Internalization of stigma for parents of children with autism spectrum disorder in Hong Kong. Social Science & Medicine , 70 , 2045–2051. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.02.023
  • Maki, N. (2004). A study of mentality and needs of support of mothers who have severe and multiple disabled children in the home [Japanese]. Kyushu University Psychological Research , 5 , 263–272.
  • Matsuishi, T. , Nagano, M. , Araki, Y. , Tanaka, Y. , Iwasaki, M. , Yamashita, Y. , … Kakuma, T. (2008). Scale properties of the Japanese version of the strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ): A study of infant and school children in community samples. Brain Development , 30 , 410–415.
  • Matsuoka, J. , Tamaki, A. , Hatsuda, M. , & Nishiike, E. (2013). Difficulties experienced by mothers of children with pervasive developmental disorders and their psychological support [Japanese]. Journal of Japan Academy of Nursing Science , 33 , 12–20.
  • McConachie, H. , & Diggle, T. (2007). Parent implemented early intervention for young children with autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice , 13 , 120–129. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2753.2006.00674.x
  • Mithout, A.-L. (2016). Children with disabilities in the Japanese school system: A path toward social integration? Contemporary Japan , 28 , 165–184.
  • Mori, K. , Ujiie, T. , Smith, A. , & Howlin, P. (2009). Parental stress associated with caring for children with Asperger’s syndrome or autism. Pediatrics International , 51 , 364–370.10.1111/ped.2009.51.issue-3
  • Murata, T. , Shimizu, A. , Mori, Y. , & Oshima, S. (1996). Depression at school: Analysis from birleson’s depressive disorder in childhood the development of a self-rating scale [Japanese]. The Japanese Journal of Psychiatry , 22 , 73–88.
  • Nagata, M. , & Sano, S. (2013). Depression and parenting stress in mothers of children suspected ASD [Japanese]. Psychiatria et Neurologia Paediatrica Japonica , 53 , 203–209.
  • Nakasita, T. , Miyazaki, Y. , Uehara, Y. , Ono, A. , & Kamata, H. (2012). Associate with stress and needs and social support for families with mentally retarded children [Japanese]. Japan Academy of Community Health Nursing , 14 , 101–112.
  • Narama, M. , Kanematsu, Y. , Araki, A. , Maru, M. , Nakamura, N. , Takeda, J. , … Kudo, M. (1999). Investigation of reliability and suitability of the Japanese Parenting Stress Index (PSI) [Japanese]. Child Health Research , 58 , 610–616.
  • Nomura, K. , Kaneko, H. , Honjyo, H. , Yoshikawa, T. , Ishikawa, M. , Matsuoka, M. , & Tsujii, M. (2010). Depression in mothers of children with high-functioning pervasive developmental disorders [Japanese]. Psychiatria et Neurologia Paediatrica Japonica , 50 , 259–267.
  • Numazawa, T. , & Kanno, K. (2010). The study about structure of stressors in mothers of children with autism at an elementary school for children with intellectual disability [Japanese]. Research Bulletin for School Education , 32 , 41–50.
  • Okada, S. , Arakawa, Y. , Tsutsui, T. , & Nakajima, K. (2001). Parenting stress and coping scale factor invariance [Japanese]. Annual Report of University of Shizuoka, Junior College , 15 , 171–178.
  • Okano, I. , Takei, Y. , & Terasaki, M. (2012). Child care stressors of mothers of children with pervasive developmental disorders and the support from fathers to mothers [Japanese]. Kawasaki Medical Welfare Journal , 21 , 218–224.
  • Parker, G. , Tupling, H. , & Brown, L. B. (1979). Parental bonding instrument. British Journal of Medical Psychology , 52 , 1–10. doi:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1979.tb02487.x.
  • Ravindran, N. , & Myers, B. J. (2012). Cultural influences on perceptions of health, illness, and disability: A review and focus on autism. Journal of Child and Family Studies , 21 , 311–319. doi:10.1007/s10826-011-9477-9
  • Rivard, M. , Terroux, A. , Parent-Boursier, C. , & Mercier, C. (2014). Determinants of stress in parents of children with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders , 44 , 1609–1620. doi:10.1007/s10803-013-2028-z
  • Rodrigue, J. R. , Morgan, S. B. , & Geffken, G. (1990). Families of autistic children: Psychological functioning of mothers. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology , 19 , 371–379. doi:10.1207/s15374424jccp1904_9
  • Rollè, L. , Prino1, L. E. , Sechi, C. , Vismara, L. , Neri, E. , Polizzi, C. , … Brustia, P. (2017). Parenting stress, mental health, dyadic Adjustment: A structural equation model. Frontier Psychology , 23 . Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00839
  • Rothbaum, F. , Weisz, J. , Pott, M. , Miyake, K. , & Morelli, G. (2000). Attachment and culture: Security in the United States and Japan. American Psychologist , 55 , 1093–1104. doi:10.1037//0003-066X.55.10.1093
  • Russell, G. , & Norwich, B. (2012). Dilemmas, diagnosis and de-stigmatization: Parental perspectives on the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry , 17 , 229–245. doi:10.1177/1359104510365203
  • Saeki, T. , Asukai, N. , & Miyake, Y. (1997). Reliability and validity of the japanese version of family assessment device (FAD) [Japanese]. Archives of Psychiatric Diagnostics and Clinical Evaluation , 8 , 181–192.
  • Saetermoe, C. L. , Scattone, D. , & Kim, K. H. (2001). Ethnicity and the stigma of disabilities. Psychology & Health , 16 , 699–713. doi:10.1080/08870440108405868
  • Sakaguchi, M. , & Beppu, T. (2007). Structure of stressors in mothers of preschool children with autism. The Japan Association of Special Education , 45 , 127–136.10.6033/tokkyou.45.127
  • Seymour, M. , Wood, C. , Giallo, R. , & Jellett, R. (2013). Fatigue, stress and coping in mothers of children with an autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders , 43 , 1547–1554. doi:10.1007/s10803-012-1701-y
  • Skinner, D. , Bailey, D. B. J. , Correa, V. , & Rodriguez, P. (1999). Narrating self and disability: Latino mothers’ construction of identities vis-à-vis their child with special needs. Exceptional Children , 65 , 481–495.10.1177/001440299906500404
  • Slominski, L. J. (2010). The effects of parental mental illness on children: Pathways to risk to resilience from infancy to adulthood ( Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
  • Sun, X. , & Allison, C. (2010). A review of the prevalence of autism spectrum disorder in Asia. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders , 4 , 156–167. doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2009.10.003
  • Suzuki, S. (1976). Introduction of THI new questionnaire health survey form [Japanese]. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine , 99 , 217–225.
  • Suzuki, S. , Shimada, H. , Miura, M. , Katayanagi, K. , Umano, R. , & Sakano, Y. (1997). Development of a new psychological stress response scale (SRS-18) and investigation of the reliability and the validity [Japanese]. Japan Journal of Behavioural Medicine , 4 , 22–29.
  • Suzumura, S. (2012). Parenting stress in mothers of preschoolers with pervasive developmental disorders: Impact of children’s cognitive level on maternal distress [Japanese]. Child Psychiatry , 54 , 1135–1143.
  • Suzumura, S. (2015). Quality of life in mothers of preschoolers with high-functioning pervasive developmental disorders. Pediatrics International , 57 , 149–154. doi:10.1111/ped.12560
  • Takeuchi, N. (2000). A mental health survey of mothers whose children with developmental disorders attend a handicapped children’s teaching center [Japanese]. The Journal of Child Health , 59 , 89–95.
  • Tatsuki, S. (1999). A theoretical and empirical study of family system [Japanese] . Tokyo: Kawashimasyoten.
  • Tomanik, S. , Harris, G. E. , & Hawkins, J. (2004). The relationship between behaviours exhibited by children with autism and maternal stress. Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability , 29 , 16–26. doi:10.1080/13668250410001662892
  • Uman, L. S. (2011). Systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Journal of the Canadian Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry , 20 , 57–59.
  • van IJzendoorn, M. H. , Rutgers, A. H. , Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J. , Swinkels, S. H. N. , van Daalen, E. , Dietz, C. , … van Engeland, H. (2007). Parental sensitivity and attachment in children with autism spectrum disorder: Comparison with children with mental retardation, with language delays, and with typical development. Child Development , 78 , 597–608. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2007.01016.x
  • Watabe, N. , Iwanaga, R. , & Washida, T. (2002). Childcare stress and fatigue on mothers of preschool children with developmental disorders: A comparison between children with motor disabilities and those with psycho-social ones [Japanese]. The Journal of Child Health , 61 , 553–560.
  • Wechsler, D. (1991). Manual for the wechsler intelligence scale for children (3rd ed.). San Antonio, TX : The Psychological Corporation.
  • Wechsler, D. (2002). The wechsler preschool and primary scale of intelligence (3rd ed.). San Antonio, TX : The Psychological Corporation.
  • Wechsler & Japanese WISC-III Publication Committee (1998). The japanese version of manual for the wechsler intelligence scale for children (3rd ed.). [Japanese]. Tokyo: Nihon Bunka Kagakusha.
  • Weiss, M. J. (2012). Hardiness and social support as predictors of stress in mothers of typical children, children with autism, and children with mental retardation. Autism , 6 , 115–130. doi:10.1177/1362361302006001009
  • Whittemore, R. , & Knafl, K. (2005). The integrative review: Updated methodology. Journal of Advanced Nursing , 52 , 546–553. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2648.2005.03621.x
  • Wilhelm, K. , & Parker, G. (1988). The development of a measure of intimate bonds. Psychological Medicine , 18 , 225–234.
  • Yamada, A. , Suzuki, M. , Kato, M. , Suzuki, M. , Tanaka, S. , Shindo, T. , … Furukawa, T. (2007). Emotional distress and its correlations among parents of children with pervasive developmental disorders. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences , 61 , 651–657. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1819.2007.01736.x
  • Yamane, T. (2013). Developmental Disorder Parenting Stress Index (DDPSI): Reliability and validity [Japanese]. The Japanese Journal of Psychology , 83 , 556–565.10.4992/jjpsy.83.556
  • Yamashita, A. (2015). Social participation and problems in daily life faced by mothers of children with developmental disorders [Japanese]. Social Analysis , 42 , 5–23.
  • Yoshimura, K. , Ono, Y. , Nakamura, K. , Nathan, J. H. , & Suzuki, K. (2001). Validation of the Japanese version of the NEO Five-Factor Inventory in a large community sample. Psychological Reports , 88 , 443–449.
  • You, H. , & Mcgraw, L. A. (2007). The intersection of motherhood and disability: Being a ‘Good’ Korean mother to an ‘imperfect’ child. Journal of Comparative Family Studies , 42 , 579–598. doi:10.2307/41604469
  • Yuzawa, J. , Watanabe, Y. , & Matsunaga, S. (2007). Social support and the feelings of mothers caring for children with autism [Japanese]. Annual Bulletin of Institute of Psychological Studies, Showa Women’s University , 10 , 119–129.
  • Zaidman-Zait, A. , Mirenda, P. , Duku, E. , Szatmari, P. , Georgiades, S. , Volden, J. , … Thompson, A. (2014). Examination of bidirectional relationships between parent stress and two types of problem behavior in children with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders , 44 , 1908–1917. doi:10.1007/s10803-014-2064-3

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.