Making death (in)different: discursive legitimation in death trials

References

• Appleton, C., and B. Grover. 2007. “The Pros and Cons of Life Without Parole.” British Journal of Criminology 47: 597–615.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bakhtin, M. 1981. The Dialogic Imagination. Austin: University of Texas Press.
   Google Scholar
• Becker, H. 1966. Outsiders: Studies in the Sociology of Deviance. New York: The Free Press.
   Google Scholar
• Bedau, H. 1992. “The Eighth Amendment, Human Dignity, and the Death Penalty.” In The Constitution of Rights, edited by M. Meyer, and W. Parent, 145–177. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Berger, P., and T. Luckmann. 1966. The Social Construction of Reality. Harmondsworth: Penguin.
   Google Scholar
• Bergman, P. 1989. Trial Advocacy in a Nutshell. St. Paul, MN: West Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Blair, D. 1994. “A Matter of Life and Death: Why Life Without Parole Should be a Sentencing Option in Texas.” American Journal of Criminal Law 22: 191–214.
   Google Scholar
• Bowers, W. 2003. “Still Singularly Agonizing: Laws Failure to Purge Arbitrariness from Capital Sentencing.” Criminal Law Bulletin 39: 51–86.
   Google Scholar
• Brown, R., and M. Ford. 1961. “Address in American English.” Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 62: 375–385.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burt, M. 2008. “The Importance of Storytelling at All Stages of a Capital Case.” UMKC Law Review 77: 877–910.
   Google Scholar
• Cap, P. 2017. The Language of Fear: Communicating Threat in Public Discourse. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Clark, K. 1992. “The Linguistics of Blame: Representations of Women in the Sun’s Reporting of Crimes of Sexual Violence.” In Language, Text, and Context: Essays in Stylistics, edited by M. Toolan, 208–224. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Conley, R. 2013. “Living with the Decision That Someone Will Die: Linguistic Distance and Empathy in Jurors’ Death Penalty Decisions.” Language in Society 42: 503–526.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conley, R. 2016. Confronting the Death Penalty: How Language Influences Jurors in Capital Cases. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Costanzo, M., and J. Peterson. 1994. “Attorney Persuasion in the Capital Penalty Phase: A Content Analysis of Closing Arguments.” Journal of Social Issues 50: 125–147.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Creed, D., M. Scully, and J. Austin. 2002. “Clothes Make the Person?: The Tailoring of Legitimating Accounts and the Social Construction of Identity.” Organization Science 13: 475–496.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duranti, A. 1994. From Grammar to Politics: Linguistic Anthropology in a Western Samoa Village. Berkeley: University of California Press.
   Google Scholar
• Eisenberg, T., and T. Well. 1993. “Deadly Confusion: Juror Instructions in Capital Cases.” Cornell Law Review 79: 1–17.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farrukh, F., and F. Masroor. 2021. “Portrayal of Power in Manifestos: Investigating Authority Legitimation Strategies of Pakistan’s Political Parties.” Journal of Language and Politics. doi:10.1075/jlp.18009.far.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fasulo, A. 1997. “Other Voices, Other Minds: The Use of Reported Speech in Group Therapy Talk.” In Discourse, Tools, and Reasoning, edited by L. Resnick, R. Säljö, C. Pontecorvo, and B. Burge, 203–223. New York: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Fitzgerald, J., and B. O’Rourke. 2016. “Legitimising Expertise: Analysis the Legitimation Strategies Used by Economics Experts in Broadcast Interviews.” Journal of Multicultural Discourses 11: 269–282.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goffman, E. 1981. “Footing.” In Forms of Talk, edited by E. Goffman, 124–159. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
   Google Scholar
• Halliday, M. 1994. An Introduction to Functional Grammar. London: Arnold.
   Google Scholar
• Harris, S. 2001. “Fragmented Narratives and Multiple Tellers: Witness and Defendant Acconts in Trials.” Discourse Studies 3: 53–74.
   Google Scholar
• Henderson, L. 1987. “Legality and Empathy.” Michigan Law Review 85: 1574–1653.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hollan, D., and C. Throop. 2008. “What Ever Happened to Empathy? Introduction.” Ethos (Berkeley, Calif ) 36: 385–401.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hunston, S., and G. Thompson. 2001. Evaluation in Text: Authorial Stance and the Construction of Discourses. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Johnson, C., T. Dowd, and C. Ridgeway. 2006. “Legitimacy as a Social Process.” Annual Review of Sociology 32: 53–78.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaplan, P. 2012. Murder Stories: Ideological Narratives in Capital Punishment. Lanham: Lexington.
   Google Scholar
• Khosravinik, M. 2015. Discourse, Identity and Legitimacy: Self and Other in Representation of Iran’s Nuclear Programme. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
   Google Scholar
• Lefsrud, L., and R. Meyer. 2012. “Science or Science Fiction?: Professionals’ Discursive Construction of Climate Change.” Organization Studies 33: 1477–1506.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Macagno, F. 2014. “Manipulating Emotions: Value-Based Reasoning and Emotive Language.” Argumentation and Advocacy 51: 103–122.
   Google Scholar
• Manosuthikit, A. 2021. “Legitimation Strategies and Discourses in Editorials: Myanmar’s New Foreign Policy on ASEAN Membership.” Discourse, Context & Media 40. doi:10.1016/j.dcm.2021.100464.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mayr, A., and D. Machin. 2012. The Language of Crime and Deviance: An Introduction to Critical Linguistic Analysis in Media and Popular Culture. London: Continuum.
   Google Scholar
• McLeod, M. 2018. “The Death Penalty as Incapacitation.” Virginia Law Review 104: 1123–1198.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mirhosseini, S. 2017. “Discursive Double-Legitimation of (Avoiding) Another War in Obama’s 2013 Address on Syria.” Journal of Language and Politics 16: 706–730.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mörth, U., and J. Pierre. 2021. “Can Anyone Implement the Law? The Discourse and Practice of Externalizing Legal Authority.” Administration & Society. doi:10.1177/0095399721995459.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nevala, M. 2019. “Two Miserable Creatures or Those Atrocious Criminals?: Evaluative Reference in the Mannings Murder Reporting.” In Reference and Identity in Public Discourses, edited by U. Lutzky, and M. Nevala, 19–42. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
   Google Scholar
• Nuñez-Mietz, F. 2018. “Legalization and the Legitimation of the Use of Force: Revisiting Kosovo.” International Organization 72: 725–757.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pare, G., J. Marsan, M. Jaana, H. Tamim, and R. Lkyanenko. 2020. “IT Vendors’ Legitimation Strategies and Market Share: The Case of EMR Systems.” Information & Management 57. doi:10.1016/j.im.2020.103291.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Philips, S. U. 1986. “Reported Speech as Evidence in an American Trial.” In Language and Linguistics: The Interdependence of Theory, Data, and Application, edited by D. Tannen, and J. E. Alatis, 154–170. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Qvarfordt, A., D. Hoff, A. Backstrom, and N. Ahmadi. 2019. “From Fighting the Bad to Protecting the Good: Legitimation Strategies in WADA’s Athlete Guides.” Performance Enhancement & Health 7: 100–147.
   Google Scholar
• Reyes, A. 2011. “Strategies of Legitimization in Political Discourse: From Words to Actions.” Discourse & Society 22: 781–807.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rojo, L., and T. A. Van Dijk. 1997. “‘There Was a Problem, and it was Solved!’: Legitimating the Expulsion of ‘Illegal’ Migrants in Spanish Parliamentary Discourse.” Discourse & Society 8: 523–566.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sacks, H. 1992. Lectures on Conversation. Vol. 2. Oxford: Blackwell.
   Google Scholar
• Santos, M. 2007. Inside: Life Behind Bars in America. New York: St. Martin.
   Google Scholar
• Sarat, A. 1993. “Speaking of Death: Narratives of Violence in Capital Trials.” Law & Society Review 27: 19–58.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sarat, A. 2002. When the State Kills: Capital Punishment and the American Condition. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Sarat, A. 2005. “Mercy, Clemency, and Capital Punishment: Two Accounts.” Ohio State Journal of Criminal Law 3: 273–286.
   Google Scholar
• Sarat, A., and T. Kearns1993. Law’s Violence. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
   Google Scholar
• Stygall, G. 1994. Trial Language: Discourse Processing and Discursive Formation. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
   Google Scholar
• Tabbert, U. 2015. Crime and Corpus: The Linguistic Representation of Crime in the Press. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
   Google Scholar
• Teo, P. 2000. “Racism in the News: A Critical Discourse Analysis of News Reporting in Two Australian Newspapers.” Discourse & Society 11: 7–49.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tiainen, M. 2017. “(De)Legitimating Electronic Surveillance: A Critical Discourse Analysis of the Finnish News Coverage of the Edward Snowden Revelations.” Critical Discourse Studies 14: 402–419.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trew, T., et al. 1979. “What the Papers Say: Linguistic Variation and Ideological Differences.” In Language and Control, edited by R. Fowler, 117–156. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Vaara, E. 2014. “Struggles Over Legitimacy in the Eurozone Crisis: Discursive Legitimation Strategies and Their Ideological Underpinnings.” Discourse & Society 25: 500–518.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vaara, E., and J. Tienari. 2008. “A Discursive Perspective on Legitimation Strategies in Multinational Corporations.” Academy of Management Review 33: 985–993.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Dijk, T. 1993. “Principles of Critical Discourse Analysis.” Discourse & Society 4: 249–283.
   Google Scholar
• Van Dijk, T. 1998. Ideology: An Interdisciplinary Approach. London: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Van Leeuwen, T. 2007. “Legitimation in Discourse and Communication.” Discourse & Communication 1: 91–112.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Leeuwen, T. 2018. “Legitimation and Multimodality.” In Routledge Handbook of Language and Politics, edited by R. Wodak, and B. Forchtner, 218–232. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Van Leeuwen, T., and R. Wodak. 1999. “Legitimizing Immigration Control: A Discourse-Historical Analysis.” Discourse Studies 1: 83–118.
   Google Scholar
• Vartkessian, E., J. Sorensen, and C. Kelly. 2014. “Tinkering with the Machinery of Death: An Analysis of Jury Decision-Making in Texas Death Penalty Trials During Two Statutory Eras.” Justice Quarterly 24: 1–24.
   Google Scholar
• Von Billerbeck, S. 2020. “‘Mirror, Mirror on the Wall’: Self-Legitimation by International Organizations.” International Studies Quarterly 64: 207–219.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, G. 2020. “Legitimization Strategies in China’s Official Media: The 2018 Vaccine Scandal in China.” Social Semiotics 30: 685–698.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• White, P. R. R. 2006. “Evaluative Semantics and Ideological Positioning in Journalistic Discourse: A New Framework for Analysis.” In Mediating Ideology in Text and Image: Ten Critical Studies, edited by I. Lassen, 37–69. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
   Google Scholar
• Yelderman, L., M. Miller, and C. Peoples. 2016. “Capital-izing Jurors: How Death Qualification Relates to Jury Composition, Jurors’ Perceptions, and Trial Outcomes. In Advances in Psychology and Law (Vol. 2), edited by B. Bornstein and M. Miller, 27–54. New York: Springer.
   Google Scholar